Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Uhlobo | Ulwazi olulandelelwayo | Iinkcukacha zamanqaku ekufuneka zigcinwe |
|---|---|---|
| I-n-back ebonwayo enye | Umsinga omnye wezazisi ezibonwayo okanye weendawo | Izinto ezihambelanayo, ii-alam zobuxoki nexesha lokuphendula |
| I-n-back yokuva enye | Umsinga omnye wokuva | Imigaqo yokudlalwa kwesandi neyokuphendula |
| I-n-back ezimbini | Imisinga emibini ngaxeshanye | Imigaqo yamanqaku omsinga ngamnye nawadityanisiweyo |
Uphando lwe-n-back lubandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokuyisebenzisa, aluthethi ngomdlalo omnye omiselweyo. U-Owen noogxa bakhe bahlula umahluko phakathi kwesazisi, indawo nomxholo, logama uhlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zezifundo zoqeqesho luqwalasela iinguqulelo zeendlela zoqeqesho neziphumo. Ngenxa yalo mahluko kuyilo, inqanaba le-n lodwa alichazi ngokupheleleyo indlela umntu aqhube ngayo. Owen et al., 2005 Soveri et al., 2017
Yintoni eyongezelelekileyo efunwa yi-n-back ezimbini?
Ukubeka iliso kwimisinga emibini kongeza imfuneko yokuyilungelelanisa, kodwa ubunzima obuchanekileyo buxhomekeke kwindlela emiswe ngayo ixesha lemisinga nendlela efakwa ngayo amanqaku. Akulunganga ukuphinda-phinda amanqaku omsebenzi omnye ngo-2 okanye uthabathe inani elimiselweyo lamanqanaba ukuze uqikelele amanqaku omsebenzi omibini. Ithiyori yenkumbulo yokusebenza ibandakanya iindidi ezininzi zezinto ezimelwe engqondweni neenkqubo zokulawula, kunokuba ibe linani elinye leendawo ezisetyenziswa kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Lo mahluko ukwacacisa ukuba kutheni inqaku elinye lovavanyo lokukhumbula uluhlu lwamanani lingagqibi ukuba loluphi uhlobo umntu aza kulufumana lulula. Iindlela zokuvavanya olo luhlu zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhumbula nokucubungula ulwazi, kwaye uhlalutyo oluthelekisa i-n-back nomsebenzi woluhlu oluntsonkothileyo luyakugatya ukuzithatha njengezinto ezinokutshintshana. Conway et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ngaba i-n-back ezimbini ingcono ngokwenzululwazi?
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo kufuneka kucaciswe isiphumo esithethwayo: ukuphucuka kumsebenzi oqheliselweyo, ukudlulisela isakhono komnye umsebenzi wenkumbulo okanye ukuphucuka kokuqiqa ngokubanzi ziziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Uhlalutyo loqeqesho oludibanisa iziphumo zezifundo luzahlula ezi ziphumo. Uqeqesho olunzima ngakumbi okanye oluneenkcukacha ezininzi alubobungqina bodwa bokuba luza kuzisa inzuzo enkulu ngokubanzi. Soveri et al., 2017
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ubungqina bokudluliselwa kwesakhono buvumela siphi isigqibo?
Ukuphucuka kwimisebenzi ehambelanayo kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi xa uvavanyo lufana noqeqesho. Uphononongo olubanzi lwenkumbulo yokusebenza lufumanisa ukuba amabango obukrelekrele okanye ezinye iziphumo zokudluliselwa kwesakhono kude ayancipha xa kusetyenziswa uthelekiso olufanelekileyo namaqela olawulo. Ezi ziphumo azixhasi isithembiso sokuba i-n-back ezimbini yenza umntu akrelekrele ngokubanzi. Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016 Soveri et al., 2017
Oku akuthethi nokuba ukufunda umdlalo akunaxabiso. Umntu unokuba nobuchule obungakumbi bokugcina umgaqo engqondweni, ukunikela ingqalelo kwizivuseleli nokuphendula ngokuchanekileyo. Inkcazelo enokuxhaswa yinzululwazi igxila kumsebenzi obonakalisiweyo okanye kwisiphumo sokudluliselwa kwesakhono esilinganiswe ngokusondeleyo. Soveri et al., 2017
Kutheni amanqanaba akwi-intanethi engalinganisi into enye
Isantya sezivuseleli, umlinganiselo wezinto ekujoliswe kuzo, imida yohlengahlengiso, izinto ezilahlekisayo namathuba okuphendula zinokwahluka. Umsebenzi ocothayo oneendlela ezimbini unokufuna izinto ezahlukileyo kunomsebenzi okhawulezayo onendlela enye. Ngaphandle kweendlela ezifanayo nokulinganiswa ngokufanelekileyo, iilebhile ezifanayo ze-n azibonisi isakhono esilinganayo okanye imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yobudala nesini emele abantu ngokubanzi. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Kufuneka kulinganiswe nokuthembeka kwenqaku elithile, ingakumbi umahluko phakathi kweenguqulelo. Uphando ngendida yokuthembeka lubonisa isizathu sokuba imisebenzi yovavanyo eneziphumo ezomeleleyo isenokuvelisa umahluko ongazinzanga phakathi kwabantu. Inqanaba elinye ofikelele kulo kube kanye akufanele libe yileyibhile esisigxina yenkumbulo yakho yokusebenza. Hedge et al., 2017
Ukuba uthelekisa iinguqulelo ngendlela nje engekho sesikweni, khumbula iinkcukacha zazo uze ulandele iimpendulo ezichanekileyo nee-alam zobuxoki. Jonga naluphi na ukhetho okanye inkqubela njengolungqamene naloo msebenzi kuphela. Ubungqina abuchazi inqanaba le-n elilungele wonke umntu, ixesha loqeqesho eliqinisekisa iziphumo okanye indlela yokuguqula indlela aqhuba ngayo umntu kumsebenzi wemisinga emibini ibe yi-IQ. Conway et al., 2005 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwe-N-back
Zama uvavanyo lwe-n-back uze ulandele uhlobo oluchazwe kweli phepha. Ukuba usebenzisa enye indlela ye-n-back ezimbini, yibhale yodwa kunokuba uthathe iilebhile ze-n njengezilinganiso ezifanayo. Umsebenzi weHelibrain awubonisi ukuba uqeqesho luzisa iinzuzo ezibanzi.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba i-2-back enemisinga emibini iyafana ne-4-back enomsinga omnye?
Hayi. Inani lichaza umgama wokuthelekisa; ukongeza omnye umsinga kutshintsha iimfuno zokulungelelanisa, akuphindi nje umgama wokuthelekisa kabini. Owen et al., 2005
Ngaba i-n-back ezimbini iza kuphucula yonke imisebenzi yenkumbulo?
Uphononongo lwahlula ukufunda umsebenzi, ukudluliselwa kwesakhono kwimisebenzi ehambelanayo nokudluliselwa kude. Ukufumana amanqaku aphezulu kuqeqesho akuqinisekisi ukuphucuka ngokubanzi. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Loluphi uhlobo endifanele ndilusebenzise ukulinganisa i-IQ?
Akukho nalunye uhlobo olunika uguqulelo oluqinisekisiweyo oluthe ngqo ukusuka kwinqanaba lalo le-n ukuya kwi-IQ. Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yenkumbulo yokusebenza ayinakuthathwa njengezinto ezinokutshintshana. Redick et al., 2013
Imithombo
- Owen et al. (2005). Iparadigm ye-n-back yenkumbulo yokusebenza: Uhlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zezifundo eziqhelekileyo zemifanekiso yobuchopho esebenzayo.
- Redick et al. (2013). Imilinganiselo yoluhlu oluntsonkothileyo neye-n-back yenkumbulo yokusebenza: Uhlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zezifundo.
- Cowan (2001). Inani lomlingo elingu-4 kwinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane: Ukuphononongwa kwakhona komthamo wokugcina engqondweni.
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo yokusebenza: Iithiyori, iimodeli neempikiswano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenzi yokulinganisa umthamo wenkumbulo yokusebenza: Uphononongo lweendlela nesikhokelo somsebenzisi.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Ukuqwalaselwa ngokutsha koqeqesho lwenkumbulo yokusebenza: Uhlalutyo lwamanqanaba amaninzi lwezifundo zoqeqesho lwe-n-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Uqeqesho lwenkumbulo yokusebenza aluphuculi iziphumo kwimilinganiselo yobukrelekrele okanye kweminye imilinganiselo 'yokudluliselwa kude'.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi eyomeleleyo yokuqonda ingavelisi umahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.