Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umsebenzi | Ukuqhathanisa okudingekayo | Okushiwo ngokuqondile amaphuzu aphezulu |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Into yamanje uma iqhathaniswa neyangaphambilini | Ukwenza kahle ngaphansi kwalowo mthetho |
| 2-back | Into yamanje uma iqhathaniswa naleyo ebisezindaweni ezimbili ngaphambili | Ukwenza kahle ekubuyekezeni nasekufaniseni kulo msebenzi |
| 3-back | Into yamanje uma iqhathaniswa naleyo ebisezindaweni ezintathu ngaphambili | Ukwenza kuleso sikhawu esikhulu, ngesikhathi esibekiwe |
Inombolo ikhombisa ukuthi kunesikhala esingakanani phakathi kwezinto ezilandelanayo. Ayisho nje inani lezinto umuntu angakwazi ukuzigcina enkumbulweni, ngoba umsebenzi udinga nokuqapha okuqhubekayo, ukubuyekeza nokuphendula. Ukubuyekezwa kwezithombe zobuchopho okwenziwa u-Owen nozakwabo kuhlanganisa izinguqulo eziningi ezihlukene ngohlobo lwesikhuthazi, indawo yaso, nokuthi okuqukethwe kungamazwi noma akuwona amazwi. Owen et al., 2005
Kungani kuthiwa umsebenzi wenkumbulo yokusebenza
Imibono ngenkumbulo yokusebenza iphathelene nokugcina ulwazi lutholakala ngesikhathi ulusebenzisa noma ulubuyekeza. Inqubo ye-N-back isebenzisa ingxenye yalolu hlu olubanzi lwezinqubo. Leli gama alisho ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yenkumbulo yokusebenza ikala ikhono elifanayo ncamashi noma isebenzisa inhlanganisela efanayo yokugcina nokulawula ulwazi. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Ngokwesibonelo, imisebenzi yokukhumbula uhla oluyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa ukukhumbula ulwazi nomunye umsebenzi wokulucubungula, futhi ngokuvamile icela ukuthi ulukhumbule. Ukubuyekezwa kwendlela yocwaningo kuchaza ukuthi ukwakheka kwale misebenzi kuhlukile ekuboneni okuqhubekayo kwe-N-back. Ukusebenzisa igama elifanayo akuthathi indawo yobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi amaphuzu ahlobana kanjani. Conway et al., 2005
Ingabe i-N-back ingathatha indawo yokuhlolwa kobude benkumbulo?
Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi kuka-Redick no-Lindsey kwathola ukuhlobana okubuthakathaka phakathi kwe-N-back nokukhumbula uhla oluyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kwatholakala nokungafani phakathi kwezifundo. Isiphetho saso sithi lezi zilinganiso azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Ngakho, ukuthola amaphuzu aphansi komunye nomphumela omuhle komunye akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi kukhona ukuphikisana noma ukuthi omunye umphumela awulona iqiniso. Redick et al., 2013
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ukunemba kuncike kokungaphezu kwesikhawu kuphela
Ubude besikhathi isikhuthazi esibonakala ngaso, umkhawulo wesikhathi sokuphendula, ukuthi okuqondiwe kuvela kangaki, nendlela okubhekwana ngayo nezimpendulo ezingamanga, konke kushintsha ubunzima. Hlala uhlukanisa ukuthola okufanayo nokucindezela inkinobho njalo. Ukuze kuqondakale amaphuzu, kudingeka umthetho wazo zombili izimpendulo ezitholwe kahle nezingalungile, hhayi izinga le-n lodwa. Ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela ocwaningweni lwe-N-back kungesinye sezizathu ezenza amazinga atholwe ezinhlelweni ezihlukene angathathwa njengezilinganiso ezijwayelekile kubo bonke. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ukuqhathanisa iminyaka nobulili nakho kudinga inqubo efanayo nesampula efanele. Lokhu kubuyekezwa akunikezi izinga elihle elisebenza kubo bonke abantu beqembu ngalinye leminyaka emdlalweni we-inthanethi ozivumelanisa nomdlali. Ukunikeza izinga elinjalo kungasho ukunemba okungasekelwa ubufakazi. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Ukuthuthuka ngokuprakthiza kukhombisani?
Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi zokuqeqeshwa kwe-N-back kuhlukanisa ukudluliseka kwamakhono emisebenzini ehlobene nemiphumela ekude kakhulu. Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kokuqeqeshwa kwenkumbulo yokusebenza akutholanga nzuzo ekholisayo yokudluliseka okuvamile emisebenzini ekude uma kuqhathaniswa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho ukuthuthuka ku-N-back kuwubufakazi bokufunda ikhono elihloliwe, hhayi ubufakazi bokwanda kobuhlakani obujwayelekile. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Ukuthembeka kungesinye isidingo esihlukile. Umsebenzi ungase usebenzise inqubo enenjongo futhi ubonise umphumela othembekile eqenjini, kodwa ungakhiqizi ukuhleleka kwabantu ngabanye okuzinzile ngokwanele. Okutholwe ngendida yokuthembeka kuxwayisa ngokuthatha amaphuzu omdlalo omfushane njengophawu lomuntu olungaguquki. Hedge et al., 2017
Uma uzibhekela wena, sebenzisa inguqulo, isikhathi nendlela yokubala amaphuzu okufanayo, bese ulandela amaphutha kanye nezimpendulo ezifanele. Uma ushintsha izinhlobo zezikhuthazi noma usebenzisa inguqulo ezivumelanisa nomdlali, qaphela ukuthi ushintshe indlela yokukala. Incazelo ecacile yomsebenzi inikeza ulwazi olungcono kunesimangalo sokuthi inombolo eyodwa imelela yonke inkumbulo yokusebenza. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-N-back
Zama ukuhlolwa kwe-N-back ukuze uzizwele ukubuyekeza nokufanisa izinto ezinezikhawu ezibekiwe. Funda imiyalelo yokubala amaphuzu, bese uqhathanisa imizamo efanayo kuphela. Umphumela uyiphuzu lakho kulo msebenzi, awusona isilinganiso se-IQ noma isilinganiso esijwayelekile samandla enkumbulo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe u-3-back usho ukuthi ngikwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezintathu kuphela?
Cha. Inombolo isho isikhawu sokuqhathanisa; ukuqapha nokubuyekeza nakho kunomthelela endleleni owenza ngayo. Owen et al., 2005
Ingabe i-N-back iyafana nokukhumbula ubude bezinombolo?
Cha. Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi kuthola ukuthi imisebenzi yokukhumbula uhla neye-N-back ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana njengezilinganiso zenkumbulo yokusebenza. Redick et al., 2013
Ingabe ukuthuthuka kufakazela ukuthi i-IQ yami inyukile?
Ucwaningo lokuqeqeshwa alukufakazeli lokho. Ukufunda umsebenzi othile nokudluliselwa kwekhono emisebenzini ebanzi kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Owen et al. (2005). Uhlelo lwenkumbulo yokusebenza lwe-N‐back: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezijwayelekile eziningi zokuthwebula ukusebenza kobuchopho.
- Redick et al. (2013). Izilinganiso zenkumbulo yokusebenza zemisebenzi yohla oluyinkimbinkimbi neye-N-back: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- Cowan (2001). Inombolo eyisimangaliso engu-4 enkumbulweni yesikhashana: Ukubhekisiswa kabusha kwamandla okugcina engqondo.
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo Yokusebenza: Imibono, Izinhlobo Nezimpikiswano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenzi yokuhlola ubude benkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukubuyekezwa kwendlela nomhlahlandlela wabasebenzisi.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Ukuhlola kabusha ukuqeqeshwa kwenkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi kwamazinga ahlukene ezifundo zokuqeqesha i-N-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Ukuqeqeshwa Kwenkumbulo Yokusebenza Akuthuthukisi Imiphumela Ezilinganisweni Zobuhlakani Noma Kwezinye Izilinganiso “Zokudluliseka Okukude”.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda enikeza imiphumela eqinile ingavezi umehluko ozinzile phakathi kwabantu.