Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umbuzo | Isilinganiso esihlobene nawo | Lokho esingakuqinisekisi |
|---|---|---|
| Ngingawuzwa yini umsindo ophansi? | Ukuzwela kokuzwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganisiwe | Ukwehlukanisa kahle ukuphakama kwamathoni omculo kukodwa |
| Ngingakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa ukuphakama kwamathoni amabili? | Umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa amafrikhwensi noma imiculo | I-audiogram elinganisiwe |
| Ngingakwazi yini ukushaya isigqi? | Isikhathi sokuzwa nokunyakaza | Isilinganiso esiphelele sokuzwa noma sokuphakama kwamathoni |
Umbiko wokuqala wecala le-amusia yokuzalwa wachaza ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile ukuphakama kwamathoni, nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kwakuvamile. Lokhu kuwubufakazi obuqondile bokuthi le mibono emibili ingahluka. Yicala elilodwa, akubona ubufakazi bokuthi wonke umuntu onobunzima bomculo uzwa kahle noma unenkinga ebangelwa yinto efanayo. Peretz et al., 2002
Ucwaningo lweqembu elikhulu nomsebenzi wokulinganisa ukusabalala kwalesi simo kusebenzisa izindlela ezibanzi zokuhlola. Akukwahlukanisi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokusekelwe kumphumela womculo. Ngokufanayo, umdlalo womculo akufanele uqinisekise umuntu ukuthi ukuzwa kwakhe kuvamile ngoba nje ewudlale kahle. Ayotte et al., 2002 Peretz et al., 2017
Isibonelo sethoni esinguhhafu wesinyathelo sibonisani?
Isibalo sithi 440 siphindaphindwa ngo-2 ophakanyiswe emandleni engxenye yeshumi nambili; ukwanda kwesilinganiso cishe kungu-5.95%. Lokhu kubonisa isikhawu somculo. Akusona isilinganiso esimaphakathi somkhawulo wokuhlukanisa esishicilelwe, futhi asisho lutho ngezinga lomsindo umuntu adinga ukulizwa ukuze ezwe noma iyiphi kulawo mathoni. Amaqoqo okuhlola umculo ahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zemisebenzi yokuhlola ukuphakama kwamathoni nomculo. Peretz et al., 2003
Ingabe ukuhlonza ithoni ephakeme kukala wonke amakhono omculo?
Cha. Ukwakheka komculo, inkumbulo, ukuzwa isigqi nesikhathi sokunyakaza kunegalelo emisebenzini ehlukene. I-Montreal Protocol ichaza ukuthi kungani ukuhlukanisa kudinga inqubo yokuhlola ebanzi kunomphumela owodwa wodwa. Vuvan et al., 2017
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ukuphakama kwethoni, isigqi nokucula kufanele kuhlukaniswe
Umuntu angaba nobunzima bokuvumelanisa ukunyakaza nesigqi ngaphandle kokuba nohlobo olufanayo lwenkinga yokucubungula ukuphakama kwethoni. Icala lokungezwa kwesigqi kanye nokubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwesigqi kukhombisa lo mehluko. Ngokufanayo, ukucula inothi kufaka umsebenzi wokunyakazisa umzimba; akufani nokwahlulela ukuthi yimaphi kumathoni amabili anikeziwe aphakeme. Phillips-Silver et al., 2011 Repp et al., 2013
Kungani umdlalo we-inthanethi unemikhawulo
Imiyalelo, indlela umsindo odlalwa ngayo, ukunaka kanye nokuqhathaniswa okuqondile kwemisindo konke kuthinta lokho okumelelwa amaphuzu. Indlela yocwaningo idinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kunengxenye eyodwa yomdlalo we-inthanethi. Umdlalo awunikezi imikhawulo yokuzwa elinganisiwe, ngisho noma imisindo yawo ichazwa ngamamvamisa anembile. Vuvan et al., 2017 Peretz et al., 2003
Ukuthembeka kwamaphuzu omuntu ngamunye nakho kudinga ubufakazi. Umsebenzi omfushane ungaba wusizo ekuboniseni inqubo kodwa ungabi wusizo kangako ekuhlukaniseni umuntu ngendlela ethembekile. Okutholwe mayelana nendida yokuthembeka kuyisexwayiso esijwayelekile ngalokho kugxuma esiphethweni; akusho ukuthi zonke izivivinyo zomculo azithembekile. Hedge et al., 2017
Yini ongayenza ngempela ngalo mehluko?
Chaza ubunzima ngokucacile: ukuzwa umsindo othule, ukwehlukanisa ushintsho lokuphakama kwethoni, ukukhumbula umculo noma ukushaya isigqi kuyizinto ezihlukene ozibonayo. Umphumela womdlalo ungasiza ekwakheni umbuzo kodwa awukwazi ukukhomba imbangela yawo yezempilo. Uma okukukhathazayo kuwukuzwela kokuzwa, amaphuzu omdlalo wamathoni awasona isilinganiso esiphendula lowo mbuzo. Peretz et al., 2002 Vuvan et al., 2017
Ubufakazi obucashuniwe abusekeli ukuxilonga umuntu ngokusebenzisa isibonelo sethoni eyodwa, isibalo sokwanda kwalesi simo noma amaphuzu aphansi omdlalo we-inthanethi. Usizo lwabo lusekwehlukaniseni amakhono ahlukene okuzwa nawomculo ngokomqondo nangokulinganisa. Peretz et al., 2017 Peretz et al., 2003
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa umehluko wamathoni omculo
Zama ukuhlolwa kokuzwa umehluko wamathoni omculo ukuze uhlole imisebenzi yokuphakama kwethoni nesigqi, usezingeni lomsindo elikukhululekile futhi ulandele imiyalelo. Umphumela awuthathi indawo yokuhlolwa kokuzwa okulinganisiwe futhi akufanele usetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ukuthi awungezwa kahle.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe umuntu angezwa kahle kodwa abe ne-amusia yokuzalwa?
Yebo. Icala lokuqala libonisa ukuthi ubunzima bokuhlukanisa ukuphakama kwamathoni omculo bungaba khona nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kujwayelekile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi bonke abantu abanobunzima bomculo banalolo hlobo olufanayo. Peretz et al., 2002
Ingabe ithoni eyodwa ingumkhawulo wokuxilonga?
Cha. Isibonelo sezinombolo sichaza isikhawu sokushuna, akusona isilinganiso esiqinisekisiwe sokuhlukanisa abantu. Peretz et al., 2003
Ingabe amaphuzu amahle emculweni afakazela ukuthi ukuzwa kujwayelekile?
Cha. Ukwenza umsebenzi womculo akunikezi imikhawulo yokuzwela kokuzwa elinganisiwe. Vuvan et al., 2017
Imithombo
- Peretz et al. (2017). Ukwanda kwe-amusia yokuzalwa.
- Vuvan et al. (2017). Indlela ye-Montreal yokuhlonza i-amusia.
- Peretz et al. (2002). I-amusia yokuzalwa.
- Peretz et al. (2003). Izinhlobo zezinkinga zomculo.
- Ayotte et al. (2002). I-amusia yokuzalwa.
- Phillips-Silver et al. (2011). Uzalelwe ukudansa kodwa ungezwani nesigqi: Uhlobo olusha lwe-amusia yokuzalwa.
- Repp et al. (2013). Ukuvumelanisa ukunyakaza nesikhathi: Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwakamuva (2006–2012).
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekile ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.