Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Uhlobo | Ulwazi olulandelwayo | Imininingwane yokubala amaphuzu okufanele igcinwe |
|---|---|---|
| I-single visual n-back | Uchungechunge olulodwa lwezinto ezibonwayo noma lwezindawo | Okufaniswayo, izimpendulo ezingamanga nesikhathi sokuphendula |
| I-single auditory n-back | Uchungechunge olulodwa lwemisindo | Ukudlalwa komsindo nemithetho yokuphendula |
| I-dual n-back | Amachungechunge amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa | Imithetho yokubala amaphuzu yochungechunge ngalunye neyahlanganisiwe |
Ucwaningo lwe-N-back luhlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuyisebenzisa, alukho uhlobo olulodwa lomdlalo olujwayelekile. U-Owen nozakwabo bahlukanisa umehluko wokuthi yini ebonwayo, indawo nokuqukethwe, kanti ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo zokuqeqesha kucubungula ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zokuqeqesha nemiphumela. Lo mehluko ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi usho ukuthi izinga elingu-n lodwa alichazi ngokugcwele ukusebenza. Owen et al., 2005 Soveri et al., 2017
Iyiphi enye inselele elethwa yi-dual n-back?
Ukuqapha amachungechunge amabili kwengeza isidingo sokuwahlanganisa, kodwa ubunzima obuqondile buncike ekutheni ahlelwa kanjani ngesikhathi nokuthi amaphuzu abalwa kanjani. Akufanele uphindaphinde amaphuzu omsebenzi owodwa ngo-2 noma ukhiphe inani elimisiwe lamazinga ukuze ulinganisele amaphuzu e-dual. Imibono yenkumbulo yokusebenza ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zolwazi nezinqubo zokulawula, hhayi inani elilodwa lezikhala ezisebenza kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Lo mehluko uchaza nokuthi kungani amaphuzu owodwa okuhlolwa kobude bezinombolo engakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo umuntu azoluthola lulula. Izindlela zokuhlola ubude zinezidingo ezihlukene zokukhumbula nokucubungula ulwazi, futhi ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisa i-N-back nokuhlolwa kwenkumbulo eyinkimbinkimbi akukwamukeli ukuzibheka njengezinto ezifanayo. Conway et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ingabe i-dual n-back ingcono ngokwesayensi?
Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kudingeka kucaciswe ukuthi kukhulunywa ngamuphi umphumela: ukusebenza kangcono emsebenzini oqeqeshiwe, ukudlulisela ikhono komunye umsebenzi wenkumbulo, noma ukuthuthuka ekucabangeni okubanzi kuyimiphumela ehlukene. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo zokuqeqesha kuyayihlukanisa le miphumela. Ukuqeqesha okunzima kakhulu noma okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe akubona ubufakazi bodwa bokuthi kunenzuzo enkulu evamile. Soveri et al., 2017
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ubufakazi bokudluliselwa kwekhono buvumela siphethe ngokuthini?
Ukuthuthuka emisebenzini ehlobene kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhlolwa kufana nokuqeqeshwa. Ukubuyekezwa okubanzi kwenkumbulo yokusebenza kuthola ukuthi izimangalo ezimayelana nobuhlakani noma eminye imiphumela yokudlulisela ikhono kude ziba buthaka uma ziqhathaniswa namaqembu okulawula afanele. Le miphumela ayisekeli isithembiso sokuthi i-dual n-back yenza umuntu ahlakaniphe ngokujwayelekile. Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016 Soveri et al., 2017
Lokhu akusho nokuthi ukufunda lo mdlalo akusizi ngalutho. Umuntu angathuthuka ekugcineni umthetho engqondweni, ekunakeni izisusa nasekuphenduleni ngokunembile. Incazelo evikeleka ngokwesayensi kufanele igxile emsebenzini obonisiwe noma emphumeleni wokudluliselwa kwekhono okulinganiswe eduze kwawo. Soveri et al., 2017
Kungani amazinga aku-inthanethi engesona isikali esifanayo
Ijubane lezisusa, ingxenye yezisusa eziqondiwe, imingcele yokuzivumelanisa, izisusa ezidukisayo nezikhathi ezivunyelwe zokuphendula kungahluka. Umsebenzi we-dual ohamba kancane ungaba nezidingo ezihlukile kunomsebenzi we-single osheshayo. Ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezifanisiwe nokulinganiswa okufanele, amalebula afanayo angu-n awasho ikhono elilinganayo futhi awanikezi amazinga avamile amelela iminyaka nobulili. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ukwethembeka kwesilinganiso kufanele nakho kuhlolwe kumaphuzu athile, ikakhulukazi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ucwaningo lwendida yokwethembeka lubonisa ukuthi kungani imisebenzi yocwaningo eqinile isengaveza umehluko ongathembekile phakathi kwabantu. Izinga elilodwa olifinyelele kanye akufanele libe ilebula elingaguquki lenkumbulo yakho yokusebenza. Hedge et al., 2017
Uma uqhathanisa izinhlobo ngokungekho emthethweni wokuhlola, qaphela imininingwane yazo bese ulandelela izimpendulo ezifanele nezingamanga. Bheka noma yikuphi okuthandayo noma ukuthuthuka njengokuphathelene nalowo msebenzi kuphela. Ubufakazi abunikezi izinga elingu-n elingcono kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu, umthamo oqinisekisiwe wokuqeqesha noma indlela yokuguqula ukusebenza kwe-dual-task kube yi-IQ. Conway et al., 2005 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-N-back
Zama ukuhlolwa kwe-N-back bese ulandela uhlobo oluchazwe kuleli khasi. Uma usebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-dual, lubhale ngokwehlukana kunokuphatha amalebula angu-n njengesikali esisodwa esifanayo. Umsebenzi we-Helibrain awufakazeli izinzuzo ezibanzi zokuqeqesha.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe i-dual 2-back iyafana ne-single 4-back?
Cha. Inombolo ikhombisa ukuthi kufaniswa nendawo esele emuva kangakanani; ukwengeza olunye uchungechunge kushintsha izidingo zokuhlanganisa ulwazi, akuphindi nje ibanga lokufanisa. Owen et al., 2005
Ingabe i-dual n-back izothuthukisa yonke imisebenzi yenkumbulo?
Ukubuyekezwa kuhlukanisa ukufunda umsebenzi, ukudluliselwa kwekhono emisebenzini ehlobene nokudluliselwa kude. Amaphuzu aphezulu okuqeqesha awafakazeli ukuthuthuka okubanzi. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Yiluphi uhlobo okufanele ngilusebenzise ukukala i-IQ?
Alukho kulolu hlobo oluhlinzeka ngendlela eqinisekisiwe yokuguqula izinga lalo elingu-n libe yi-IQ ngokuqondile. Imisebenzi ehlukene yenkumbulo yokusebenza ayinakushintshaniswa. Redick et al., 2013
Imithombo
- Owen et al. (2005). Ipharadigm ye-N-back yenkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo ezivamile zokuthwebula ukusebenza kobuchopho.
- Redick et al. (2013). Izilinganiso zenkumbulo yokusebenza ze-complex span ne-N-back: Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo.
- Cowan (2001). Inombolo eyisimangaliso engu-4 enkumbulweni yesikhashana: Ukubuyekezwa kabusha komthamo wokugcina ulwazi engqondweni.
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo yokusebenza: Imibono, amamodeli nezimpikiswano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenzi yokukala ubude benkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukubuyekezwa kwendlela nomhlahlandlela wabasebenzisi.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Ukuqeqeshwa kwenkumbulo yokusebenza kubuyekezwa: Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa amazinga amaningi kwezifundo zokuqeqeshwa kwe-N-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Ukuqeqeshwa kwenkumbulo yokusebenza akuthuthukisi ukusebenza ezilinganisweni zobuhlakani noma kwezinye izilinganiso zokudluliselwa kwekhono kude.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokwethembeka: Kungani imisebenzi eqinile yokuqonda ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.