Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umphumela | Okukalwayo | Isizathu sokwehluka |
|---|---|---|
| Isikhathi kuze kubuyelwe emsebenzini | Sihlanganisa umsebenzi owenziwa phakathi nokukhetha okwenziwayo | Akusona isikhathi esiqhubekayo umuntu angakwazi ngaso ukugxila |
| Ukubambezeleka kokuqala kabusha | Isikhathi sokuqala kabusha ngemva kokuphela kokuphazanyiswa | Kuncike emsebenzini nasekukhumbuleni imigomo |
| Ukusala kokunaka | Umthelela womsebenzi wangaphambilini oqhubekayo | Kungathinta ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe |
Ucwaningo lwasemsebenzini lubheka ukuhleleka komsebenzi, hhayi ukusetha kabusha komzimba okujwayelekile. Umuntu angase asebenze kweminye imisebenzi ngaphambi kokubuyela kulowo ophazamisekile. Ukuchaza leso sikhathi esidlulile ngokuthi umuntu ubengakwazi ukugxila sonke leso sikhathi kushintsha lokho okwakukalwa. Mark et al., 2005
Ucwaningo lokuqala kabusha umsebenzi elabhorethri lubonisani?
UTrafton nozakwabo baqhathanisa ukuphazanyiswa okusheshayo nesimo sesixwayiso esasinikeza imizuzwana eyisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphazanyiswa. Ababambiqhaza abathola isixwayiso bazilungiselela kakhulu futhi baqala kabusha ngokushesha. Lokhu kusekela indima yokuzilungiselela kusengaphambili nokukhumbula umgomo wokuqala, hhayi isikhathi esisodwa esingashintshi sokululama. Trafton et al., 2003
Imodeli ka-Altmann noTrafton ichaza ukuthi ukwenziwa kusebenze komgomo nokuwukhumbula kungaba nomthelela kanjani ekuqaliseni kabusha. Ucwaningo lukaLeroy luhlola ukusala kokunaka lapho abantu beshiya umsebenzi ongakaqedwa. Le mibono iphathelene nezinqubo ezihlobene kodwa ezihlukene, ngakho izilinganiso zayo akufanele zihlanganiswe zibe isilinganiso esisodwa esijwayelekile semizuzu. Altmann et al., 2002 Leroy, 2009
Ingabe abantu bangamelana nemiphumela yokuphazanyiswa?
Ocwaningweni lukaMark nozakwabo, ababambiqhaza abaphazanyiswayo baqeda imisebenzi ngokushesha ngaphandle komehluko wekhwalithi, kodwa babika ukucindezeleka, ukukhungatheka, ingcindezi yesikhathi nomzamo owengeziwe. Ngakho ukuqeda ngokushesha akuzange kufakazele ukuthi ukuphazanyiswa akunangozi. Lesi esinye isibonelo sokuthi kungani isilinganiso esisodwa sokukhiqiza singanele. Mark et al., 2008
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ingabe zonke izikhathi zekhefu ziyefana nokuphazanyiswa?
Cha. Ikhefu lokuphumula elihleliwe nesidingo esingalindelekile sokwenza omunye umsebenzi kungaba nezinhloso nezimfuno ezihlukile. Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo zamakhefu amafushane kuthola izinzuzo ezincane emandleni nasekuncipheni kokukhathala, kodwa umphumela ojwayelekile ekusebenzeni awuqinisekile. Akufakazeli ukuthi konke ukuphazanyiswa kuyabuyisela amandla noma ukuthi wonke amakhefu anezindleko ezifanayo zokushintsha umsebenzi. Albulescu et al., 2022
Ukunaka okuqhubekayo nakho kuyashintshashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo ngalokho kushintshashintsha aluchazi umuntu njengogxile ngokuphelele noma ongakwazi nhlobo ukwenza lutho isikhathi esisodwa esinqunyiwe. Umsebenzi othile nomphumela wokusebenza kusabalulekile. Esterman et al., 2013
Yini ongayishintsha ngokoqobo?
Uma izimo zivuma, ukugcina uphawu olucacile lwesinyathelo esilandelayo kuyahambisana nocwaningo lokuqala kabusha umsebenzi. Ubufakazi obuqondile bocwaningo buhlobene nokuzilungiselela lapho umsebenzi uzophazanyiswa; abuqinisekisi ukuthi ukubhala inothi elilodwa kususa zonke izindleko zokushintsha imisebenzi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kufanele singaqinisi kakhulu lesi siphetho. Trafton et al., 2003 Altmann et al., 2002
Uma uzibhekisisa, hlukanisa isikhathi ongekho ngaso emsebenzini nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze uwuqale kabusha. Bhala phansi uhlobo lokuphazanyiswa, ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala ubungakaqedwa yini nokuthi yimuphi umphumela owukhathalelayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhathi eside esidlulile singaphanjaniswa nesikhathi eside sokululama kwengqondo ngisho noma kwenziwe omunye umsebenzi. Mark et al., 2005 Leroy, 2009
Umdlalo wokushintsha imisebenzi ungakutshelani?
Umsebenzi olawulwayo wokushintsha imisebenzi ungabonisa izindleko zokushintsha imithetho. Awukwazi ukuguqula umehluko omncane otholakala elabhorethri ube imizuzu yokukhiqiza elahlekile emsebenzini. Ucwaningo lokuthembeka luphinde luxwayise ngokuthatha umehluko wamaphuzu ovela esivivinyweni esifushane njengophawu lomuntu olungaguquki. Hedge et al., 2017
Ubufakazi busekela ukunaka izimo zokuphazanyiswa. Abusekeli ukubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo inhlawulo yemizuzu engu-23 kuzo zonke izaziso, izingxoxo noma amakhefu ahleliwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu wenzani ngemva kwalokho. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokushintsha imisebenzi
Zama ukuhlolwa kokushintsha imisebenzi ukuze uzwe ukuthi kunjani ukushintshashintsha phakathi kwemithetho. Kukala ukusebenza kwakho kulowo msebenzi, hhayi ukuthi ulahlekelwa imizuzu emingaki ngemva kokuphazanyiswa emsebenzini. Khumbula lo mehluko lapho uqhathanisa umdlalo nosuku lwakho.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe isibalo semizuzu engu-23 siyiqiniso elijwayelekile?
Cha. Ukubuyela emsebenzini, ukuwuqala kabusha nokubuyisa izinga elithile lokusebenza kuyimiphumela ehlukene. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Ingabe ukuzilungiselela ngaphambi kokuphazanyiswa kungasiza?
Ucwaningo olulawulwayo lwathola ukuthi umsebenzi waqalwa kabusha ngokushesha ngemva kwesixwayiso semizuzwana eyisishiyagalombili esasinika ithuba lokuzilungiselela. Ubukhulu benzuzo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke abuqinisekisiwe. Trafton et al., 2003
Ingabe amakhefu ahleliwe ayingozi ekugxileni?
Ubufakazi ngamakhefu amafushane buthola izinzuzo ezincane ekunciphiseni ukukhathala nasekukhuphuleni amandla, kodwa izinzuzo eziphelele ekusebenzeni aziqinisekile kangako. Amakhefu ahleliwe akufanele afaniswe nakho konke ukuphazanyiswa. Albulescu et al., 2022
Imithombo
- Mark et al. (2005). Awukho yini umsebenzi oshiywa ungakaqedwa?.
- Trafton et al. (2003). Ukuzilungiselela ukuqala kabusha umsebenzi ophazamisekile: imiphumela yokufaka umgomo ozayo enkumbulweni nokuwukhumbula emuva.
- Altmann et al. (2002). Inkumbulo yemigomo: imodeli esekelwe ekwenzeni kusebenze.
- Leroy (2009). Kungani kunzima kangaka ukwenza umsebenzi wami? Inselele yokusala kokunaka lapho kushintshwa imisebenzi.
- Mark et al. (2008). Izindleko zomsebenzi ophazamisekile: isivinini esengeziwe nokucindezeleka.
- Albulescu et al. (2022). "Ngicela ikhefu!" Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kokusebenza kwamakhefu amafushane ekwandiseni inhlalakahle nokusebenza.
- Esterman et al. (2013). Ukugxila noma ukuphazamiseka? Ukulandelela ukushintshashintsha kokuziphatha nokwasebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokunaka okuqhubekayo.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi eqinile yokwazi ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.