Indlela yokusebenza: Uvavanyo lwe-N-back
I-N-back eguquguqukayo (umjelo omnye, emibini, emithathu okanye emine), ngokweprothokholi yoqeqesho lwe-dual n-back kaJaeggi nabanye (2008)
Inguqulelo yenkqubo yokubala amanqaku: nback-training-1 (inguqulelo yesivumelwano 1, inguqulelo yefomathi yeseshoni 2)
← Buyela kuvavanyoInto eliyilinganisayo
Indlela umntu aqhuba ngayo kumsebenzi we-N-back ngokwawo: ukuhlaziya ngokuqhubekayo nokuthelekisa izinto zakutshanje kwinkumbulo yokusebenza. Sisixhobo sokuziqhelanisa esineegrafu zenkqubela yaso; asilovavanyo lwenkumbulo yokusebenza olunemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo.
Inkqubo
Imijelo: indawo (enye kwiiseli zangaphandle ezisi-8 zegridi engu-3 x 3; iziko alize lisetyenziswe), isandi (oonobumba abathethwa aba-8, okanye iithowuni ezisi-8 ezibizwa ngokuba ziiNqaku), umbala nemilo (amaxabiso asi-8 kwinto nganye). Iindlela: enye (indawo), ezimbini (indawo + isandi; leyo isetyenziswa ngokungagqibekanga), ezintathu (+ umbala) nezine (+ imilo). Umqondiso ngamnye uboniswa kangange-500 ms; umqondiso olandelayo ulandela emva kwethuba elikhethiweyo (eliqhelekileyo: 3,000 ms). Impendulo yomjelo ibalwa njengeyomqondiso okhoyo de kufike olandelayo. Amaqhosha: A (indawo), L (isandi), S (umbala), K (imilo), iSpace inqumamisa; kwiifowuni, kukho amaqhosha angaphantsi kwegridi. Ibhloko inemiqondiso yokuziqhelanisa eyi-N (akufuneki kuphendulwe) kunye nemiqondiso enikwa amanqaku (eqhelekileyo: 20). Ulandelelwano luveliswa yinkqubo esebenzisa imbewu ethile, ize iphinde idlalwe ngumncedisi: kumjelo ngamnye kanye i-30% yemikhondo enikwa amanqaku iyahambelana (6 kwi-20), isibini ngasinye semijelo siyahambelana kunye kwi-10% yemikhondo (2 kwi-20), iindlela ezinemijelo emithathu nemine ziquka imikhondo apho yonke okanye imijelo emithathu ihambelana, kwaye izinto ezingahambelaniyo aziphindi ngempazamo into ye-N-back. Isifundo sokuzikhethela se-1-back sinika ingxelo. Useto oluhlala lukhethiwe lulungelelanisayo (ixesha nobude obuqhelekileyo); useto lwezandla luvumela umdlali akhethe u-N, ithuba, ubude nengxelo. Iseti yemihla ngemihla yokuzikhethela inamabhloko angama-20 anezikhefu. Iibhloko ezingagqitywanga ziyanqumama xa kuphunywa kwiphepha, kwaye zinokuqhutywa kwakhona.
Iiparamitha
| Iparamitha | Ixabiso |
|---|---|
| Imowudi emiselwe kwangaphambili | emibini (indawo + isandi), N = 2, eguquguqukayo |
| Uluhlu luka-N | 1 ukuya ku-9 |
| Ixesha lokubonisa isivuseleli | 500 ms |
| Ikhefu phakathi kwezivuseleli | 3,000 ms ngokwesiqhelo; 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 4,000 okanye 5,000 ms kwindlela yezandla |
| Izivuseleli ezibalwayo kwibhloko nganye | 20 ngokwesiqhelo; 40, 60 okanye 100 kwindlela yezandla |
| Izivuseleli zokuzifudumeza | N kwibhloko nganye, azibalwa |
| Izinto ezihambelanayo | 30% kumjelo ngamnye; 10% kwisibini ngasinye semijelo |
| Umgaqo wokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo | nyusa ngo-1 ukuba umjelo ngamnye uneempazamo ezingekho ngaphezu kwezi-2; yehlisa ngo-1 ukuba nawuphi na umjelo unezi-6 okanye ngaphezulu; kungenjalo hlala apho |
| Iseti yemihla ngemihla (ukhetho) | Iibhloko ezingama-20 |
| Iindlela zokuphendula | amaqhosha okuchukumisa, imawusi, izitshixo A / L / S / K, i-Space yokumisa |
Indlela yokubala amanqaku
Kumjelo ngamnye, kwizivuseleli ezibalwayo: ukubhaqa okuye kwaphumelela, eziphosiweyo, ukubhaqa okungeyonyani, nokuchasa ngokuchanekileyo; ukuchaneka okulinganayo = 50 x (umyinge wokubhaqa okuyimpumelelo + umyinge wokuchasa ngokuchanekileyo), ngepesenti, ngoko ukuphendula kuzo zonke okanye ukungaphenduli kunika i-50%. Amanqaku ebhloko ngumndilili wokuchaneka okulinganayo kuyo yonke imijelo ekhethiweyo; aphezulu angcono. Iimpazamo kumjelo ngamnye = eziphosiweyo + ukubhaqa okungeyonyani, kwaye ezo zimisela inqanaba eliguquguqukayo kwibhloko elandelayo. Amaxesha okusabela kumjelo ngamnye ayashwankathelwa (eliphakathi, eliqhelekileyo, elona lincinane, nelona likhulu) kodwa awangeniswa kumanqaku. Akukho kuthelekiswa nabanye abadlali; iigrafu zithelekisa iiseshoni zomdlali ngokwakhe ezinezicwangciso ezifanayo.
Imithetho yeseshoni esebenzayo
Kubhalwa kuphela iibhloko ezigqityiweyo (N + izivuseleli ezibalwayo, iflegi yempendulo enye kumjelo ngamnye nakwisivuseleli ngasinye, kungekho mpendulo ngexesha lokuzifudumeza). Iseva iphinda ivelise ulandelelwano isebenzisa imbewu ize yale iseshoni xa izivuseleli ezirekhodiweyo zahlukile kolu landelelwano, iimpendulo ezamkelweyo zingekho, okanye ixesha lokugqiba lisekamva. Iikhefu zivumelekile kwaye ziyarekhodwa. Iimpawu zeerobhothi ziyagcinwa kodwa azitshintshi amanqaku okanye iigrafu. Ezi seshoni zokuziqhelanisa zigcinwa ngokwahlukileyo kuvavanyo lwe-N-back olunamanqaku, kwaye azisetyenziswa kuthelekiso okanye kumanqaku e-app.
Umahluko kumsebenzi wakudala
Ibhloko eqhelekileyo ilandela ixesha nomgaqo wokutshintsha wenqanaba kaJaeggi nabanye (2008): izivuseleli ezingama-20 + N, ukubonisa i-500 ms, imizuzwana emi-3 ngesivuseleli, ukunyusa xa umjelo ngamnye uneempazamo ezingaphantsi kwezi-3, nokwehlisa xa nawuphi na umjelo uneempazamo ezingaphezu kwezi-5. Umahluko: oonobumba abathethwayo benziwa yinkqubo yekhompyutha (okanye kusetyenziswa iithoni), kukho imijelo yombala nemilo enokukhethwa, isifundo esifutshane, amaqhosha efowuni, useto lwezandla neebhloko zemihla ngemihla ezihamba ngesantya somdlali. Olu asilophindaphindo longenelelo loqeqesho lophando, kwaye ayingomsebenzi wokuqala kaKirchner womjelo omnye.
Imida
Ukuphucuka kumsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo kubhalwe kakuhle; ukudlulela kwezinye izakhono, kuquka ubukrelekrele, kusaxoxwa ngako kwaye ubungqina abuvumelani. Akukho nto kweli phepha ithembisa oko kudlulela. Ixesha lesandi nelokubonisa lixhomekeke kwisixhobo nakwisikhangeli; irekhodi libonisa ixesha iphepha elithumele ngalo isivuseleli, kungekhona ixesha esiveliswe ngalo sisikrini okanye sisithethi. Akukho milinganiselo iqhelekileyo, kwaye uvavanyo alujongwanga. Alwenzelwanga ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango okanye ukuxilonga.
Iilwimi nemeko yophononongo
Imiyalelo ifumaneka ngazo zonke iilwimi zesayithi. Umjelo wesandi usebenzisa iiseti zoonobumba okanye amalungu amagama emveli kwiilwimi ezingama-28 (isiBengali, isiBulgaria, isiTshayina esenziwe lula nesesiNtu, isiCzech, isiDatshi, isiNgesi, isiFrentshi, isiJamani, isiGrike, isiHindi, isiHungarian, isiTaliyane, isiJapan, isiKazakh, isiMarathi, isiNepali, isiPersi, isiPolish, isiPhuthukezi, isiRashiya, isiSerbia, isiSpanish, isiTelugu, isiUkraine, isiUrdu, isiAlbania, isiArmenia), erekhodwe ngelizwi elenziwe yikhompyutha; ezinye iilwimi zisebenzisa ukhetho lweethoni. Imijelo yendawo, umbala nemilo ayixhomekekanga kulwimi.
Imeko yophononongo ngokolwimi lwemiyalelo
Iilwimi zemiyalelo ezipapashiweyo zidweliswe ngezantsi. Indlela yokuguqulela: uguqulelo oluncedwa ngumatshini kunye nohlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo. Izinto ezithile zolwimi zichazwe ngasentla; akukho xwebhu apha lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama.
| Ulwimi lwemiyalelo | Imeko yophononongo ebhaliweyo |
|---|---|
| English | Umbhalo wokuqala ubhalwe ngesiNgesi. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Čeština | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Deutsch | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Español | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Filipino | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Français | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Hausa | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Igbo | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Italiano | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Kiswahili | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Magyar | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Nederlands | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Polski | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Português | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Shqip | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Soomaali | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Srpski | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Tiếng Việt | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Türkçe | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Türkmençe | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Yorùbá | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Ελληνικά | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Български | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Кыргызча | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Қазақ тілі | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Македонски | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Монгол | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Русский | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Українська | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ქართული | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| Հայերեն | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| עברית | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| اردو | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| العربية | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| پښتو | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| سنڌي | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| فارسی | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| አማርኛ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| नेपाली | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| मराठी | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| हिन्दी | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| অসমীয়া | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| বাংলা | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ગુજરાતી | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| தமிழ் | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| తెలుగు | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| മലയാളം | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| සිංහල | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ไทย | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ລາວ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| မြန်မာ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| ខ្មែរ | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| 한국어 | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| 日本語 | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| 简体中文 | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
| 繁體中文 | Uhlolo oluzenzekelayo lweskripthi nopelo; akukho xwebhu lubonisa uphononongo lwesithethi somthonyama. |
Indlela yokuchaza njengomthombo
Helibrain (2026). N-back test, vnback-training-1. https://helibrain.com/n-back-test/methods
Utshintsho olwenziweyo
· Inguqulelo nback-training-1 · Upapasho lokuqala lweendlela zomsebenzi okhutshiweyo ngoku.
Iimbekiselo
Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043688original n-back paradigm
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829-6833.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105dual n-back training protocol (timing, block structure, adaptation rule)
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131review of the n-back paradigm
Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., & Laine, M. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1077-1096.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1217-0meta-analysis: training effects are mostly task-specific
Melby-Lervåg, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512-534.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612meta-analysis: no reliable far transfer
Umbhalo weendlela: CC BY 4.0. Chaza i-Helibrain uze ubeke ikhonkco kule ndlela. Iiseti zedatha nemathiriyeli yomsebenzi zineemvume zazo; le mvume isebenza kumbhalo weendlela.
← Buyela ku-Uvavanyo lwe-N-back