Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Imeko yomzekelo | Ixesha lokuphendula ngokuchanekileyo | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|---|
| Igama ne-inki ziyavumelana | 500 ms | Isiseko somzekelo |
| Igama ne-inki ziyaphikisana | 650 ms | Imeko yomzekelo yokungavumelani |
| Umahluko | 150 ms | Ukungavumelani thabatha ukuvumelana; asingomda wokuxilonga |
Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-Stroop lwalusebenzisa iimpendulo zomlomo ezilandelelanayo, kanti iinguqulelo ze-intanethi zinokusebenzisa ukucofa iqhosha. Amaxesha namanqaku azo awanakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo. Uphononongo lubonisa umahluko omkhulu kwiinguqulelo zomsebenzi, kwiziseko nakwiifomula. Ngenxa yoko, igama elithi Stroop lilodwa alichazi isikali samanani esisebenza jikelele. Stroop, 1935 Scarpina et al., 2017
Yintoni ebangela ukungavumelani?
Kubantu abafunda ngokutyibilikayo, igama elibhaliweyo linokuvuselela impendulo engahambelaniyo, nangona umyalelo ikukuxela umbala we-inki. Uphononongo lukaMacLeod luvavanya iinkcazelo ezininzi zolu phazamiseko; alulunciphisi lube yindawo enye yobuchopho okanye ukusilela nje kwamandla okuzibamba. Uyilo lomsebenzi ngokwalo ludala ukhuphiswano lweempendulo. MacLeod, 1991
Kubalulekile ukwahlula ukubala ngokuthi ukungavumelani kususwe ukuvumelana, nokubala ngokuthi ukungavumelani kususwe imeko engathathi cala. Igama elihambelanayo linokunceda ekusebenzeni, ngoko ukutshintsha isiseko kuyayitshintsha into equkwa ngumahluko. Uphononongo lwezonyango luchaza ukuba ukutolika uvavanyo kufuneka kugcine inkqubo yokulwenza nendlela yokubala amanqaku ekhethiweyo. Scarpina et al., 2017
Kutheni umahluko omncinci ungathethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba ingqondo ingcono
Amanqaku omahluko axhomekeke kuzo zombini iimeko eziwenzayo nakwimpazamo yokulinganisa. Uphando lokuthembeka lubonisa ukuba iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezomeleleyo zinokubakho kunye nokungazinzi kweeyantlukwano phakathi kwabantu. Iindleko ezincinci ngokungaqhelekanga kuvavanyo olufutshane zisenokubangelwa kukuguquguquka, utshintsho ekuchanekeni okanye umahluko kwisiseko, kunokuba zibonise ulawulo olungaqhelekanga ngokubanzi. Hedge et al., 2017
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Yintoni etshintsha ubungakanani besiphumo?
Iindlela zokuphendula nokukhetha phakathi kweempendulo zinegalelo kumsebenzi wokuphendula. Uphando lwakudala lwexesha lokukhetha impendulo lubonisa ukuba ukukhetha phakathi kwezinye iindlela nako kufuna ixesha. Ngoko ke, umdlalo we-Stroop osetyenziswa ngemouse novavanyo lwephepha oluphendulwa ngomlomo zahlukile nangaphezu kwendlela ezibonakala ngayo. Hick, 1952 Scarpina et al., 2017
Ixesha lebhrawuza nezixhobo nalo linegalelo kumaxesha apheleleyo okuphendula. Nangona ukuthelekisa iimeko kwisixhobo esinye kunokususa ezinye iiyantlukwano ezifanayo, oko akubonisi ukuba yonke impazamo yexesha iyacinywa okanye ukuba amanqaku omahluko athembekile. Kufuneka ubungqina bexesha lovavanyo nobomlinganiselo wengqondo ukuze kufikelelwe kweso sigqibo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Hedge et al., 2017
Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo kunokuchaphazela ingqalelo, kodwa uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi ngokunqongophala kokulala lufumana iziphumo ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi nakwiinkalo. Alubonisi ukuba iindleko zakho ze-Stroop zimele zinyuke ngomlinganiselo othile emva kobusuku obubi. Musa ukuguqula ukuguquguquka okuqhelekileyo kube sisigqibo sempilo yakho. Lim et al., 2010
Kuthekani ngokusebenzisa iilwimi ezimbini nokuziqhelanisa?
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi zabantu abadala abathetha iilwimi ezimbini lufumanise ukuba iingenelo ezincinci ezazibonakala ekuqaleni kwimisebenzi yolawulo lwengqondo azizange zihlale zikhona emva kokulungisa ucalucalulo lokupapasha. Ngoko ke, iziphumo zomntu kwi-Stroop azinakungqina ukuba ukuthetha iilwimi ezimbini kuyinzuzo okanye kuyisithintelo. Ukuqhelana nolwimi kusebalulekile ekuqondeni umsebenzi wamagama ngokwawo; akusosizathu sokunika umntu ileyibhile ngokubanzi yengqondo. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Xa uthelekisa iziphumo zakho, gcina ulwimi, indlela yokuphendula nemithetho yokubala ingatshintshi, uze uqwalasele ukuchaneka kunye nesantya. Musa ukugqiba ngelithi umahluko omncinci uphuculo xa ubangelwa kukuphendula kancinci kwimeko esisiseko okanye ziimpazamo ezininzi. Ezi zizilumkiso ngomlinganiselo ezisekelwe kuphononongo, asingomyalelo oqinisekisiweyo wokuziqeqesha. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Isiphumo esinokulindeleka xa udlala kukuqhelana nalo msebenzi uthile wokungqubana kweempendulo. Ubunzima bomsebenzi okanye amanqaku aphezulu akubonisi ubukrelekrele, uxilongo okanye inzuzo ngokubanzi evela kuqeqesho. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwe-Stroop
Zama uvavanyo lwe-Stroop, landela umyalelo wombala we-inki, uze uqwalasele ukuchaneka kunye nexesha. Lusebenzisa inkqubo yalo yokuphendula ngokucofa iqhosha. Umzekelo we-150 ms uchaza indlela yokuthabatha; awungomlinganiselo omawujolise kuwo.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Kutheni ndilifunda ngokuzenzekelayo igama?
Kubantu abafunda ngokutyibilikayo, igama elibhaliweyo linokukhuphisana nempendulo yombala oceliweyo. Uphononongo luxoxa ngeendlela ezininzi ezibangela olo phazamiseko. MacLeod, 1991
Ngaba injongo kukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwaphela?
Umahluko osondele ku-zero kuvavanyo olufutshane awuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umntu ufumene amanqaku afanelekileyo. Isiseko, ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kubalulekile. Hedge et al., 2017
Ndingalithelekisa uvavanyo oluphendulwa ngomlomo nolucofa iqhosha?
Iimfuno zokuphendula neendlela zokubala amanqaku zahlukile. Sebenzisa imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo kuphela xa ihambelana nenguqulelo yovavanyo olwenziweyo. Scarpina et al., 2017
Imithombo
- MacLeod (1991). Isiqingatha senkulungwane yophando ngesiphumo se-Stroop: uphononongo oludibanisayo..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Uvavanyo lombala namagama lwe-Stroop.
- Stroop (1935). Izifundo zophazamiseko kwiimpendulo zomlomo ezilandelelanayo..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekileyo ngokweziphumo zeqela ingavelisi umahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.
- Hick (1952). Ngezinga lokwanda kolwazi.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukuchaneka nokungaguquguquki okunokufezekiswa kumaqonga ovavanyo lwe-intanethi, kwiibhrawuza nakwizixhobo.
- Lim et al. (2010). Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi ngefuthe lokunqongophala kokulala okwexesha elifutshane kwizinto zokuqonda..
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Ngaba ukuthetha iilwimi ezimbini kunxulunyaniswa nokuphucuka kwemisebenzi yolawulo lwengqondo kubantu abadala? Uphononongo lohlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi..