Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umzekelo wokuchaneka kombhalo wokugqibela | Oonobumba abangachanekanga kwi-1,000 | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|---|
| 99% | 10 | Umzekelo wezibalo, ayisosiphumo esicetyiswayo |
| 98% | 20 | Iimpazamo ezishiyekileyo ziphindwe kabini kunezo ze-99% |
| 95% | 50 | Ziphindwe kahlanu kunezo ze-99% |
Le mizekelo isebenzisa inkcazelo elula yokuchaneka ngokusekelwe kunobumba wokugqibela. Olona phando lusenokusebenzisa umgama omncinane phakathi kweentambo zoonobumba ukuze lubale oonobumba abafakiweyo, abangafakwanga nabatshintshiweyo; ngoko le mizekelo mayingathathwa njengokuphinda indlela yokulinganisa esetyenziswa yiwebhusayithi nganye. Uphando lweendlela zokulinganisa luchaza isizathu sokuba amanqaku achaze umtya obulindelekile nalowo ubhaliweyo. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Soukoreff et al., 2001
Iimpazamo ezishiyekileyo zahlukile kwezo zilungisiweyo
Umntu owenza iimpazamo ezininzi aze azilungise zonke unokugqiba enombhalo ochanekileyo, kodwa achithe ixesha elininzi ezilungisa. Umntu oshiya iimpazamo usenokubonakala ekhawuleza ngakumbi, kodwa avelise umbhalo ongasasebenziseki kangako. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo weempazamo zokugqibela, umzamo wokulungisa nesantya sokufaka umbhalo uphendula imibuzo eyahlukileyo. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Idatha yekhompyutha ibika iimpazamo ezingalungiswanga kunye nemilinganiselo enxulumene nokulungisa. Abathathi-nxaxheba abakhawulezayo ngokubanzi babeneempazamo ezimbalwa, kodwa olu phando lwalujonga okwenzekayo ngaphandle kokungenelela. Alubonisi ukuba ukunyanzela wonke umntu ukuba achwetheze ngokukhawuleza kuya kumenza achaneke ngakumbi, okanye ukuba ukwehlisa isantya ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo kubangela ukuphucuka okuthile. Dhakal et al., 2018
Kutheni kungekho pesenti ifanelekileyo kuye wonke umntu
Iindleko zempazamo zixhomekeke kumsebenzi nakwinto eyenzekayo emva koko. Uvavanyo lokukhuphela umbhalo lulinganisa ukukopa umbhalo onikiweyo; ukuqulunqa okanye ukuhlela kubandakanya ezinye izigqibo. Uphononongo olusisiseko lokuchwetheza nokufaka umbhalo lwahlula ezi nxalenye zomsebenzi, luchaze nokuba kutheni izantya ezifunyenwe kwenye imeko zingasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Salthouse, 1986 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Uphononongo lwaselabhoratri lwafumana umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokuchwetheza umbhalo oqhelekileyo nomtya woonobumba ongacwangciswanga, naphakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abanamava. Ukuqhelana nesiqendu kuyinxalenye yento elinganiswa ngamanqaku. Elona nqaku lakho liphezulu kuludwe lwamagama olulula alithethi ukuba uya kuqhuba ngokulinganayo nakwitekisi eneziphumlisi ezininzi. Feit et al., 2016
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Uncedo lwesixhobo luyayitshintsha indlela yokutolika
Ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunokutshintsha umbhalo ngaphandle kokuba unobumba ngamnye uhambelane nokucofa iqhosha elinye; ukuxela amagama kwangaphambili kunokufaka igama elipheleleyo. Uphononongo lwezixhobo eziphathwayo luxoxa ngokucacileyo ngemida ebangelwa koku kwiindlela zokubala iimpazamo kwinqanaba lokucofa izitshixo. Ukuthelekisa ukuchwetheza efowunini ngoncedo nokuchwetheza kwikhompyutha ngaphandle koncedo ngokungathi iipesenti zokuchaneka zazo ziyafana kunokufihla umahluko obalulekileyo. Palin et al., 2019
Yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokuziqhelanisa?
Sebenzisa umsebenzi omnye uze urekhode isantya kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weempazamo. Thelekisa amaqela eziqendu ezingaqhelekanga nezikumgangatho ofanayo, kunokuba ukhethe umzamo omnye. Le yingcebiso yokulinganisa, ayisosixa soqeqesho ekuthiwa sesona sifanelekileyo. Ubungqina obumalunga nembali yokuziqhelanisa yabachwethezi bemihla ngemihla buxhasa ukubaluleka kobuchule obuthe ngqo kumsebenzi, kodwa abumisi umlinganiselo woqeqesho lwesantya nokuchaneka osebenza kuye wonke umntu. Keith et al., 2007 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Ukuba umzamo okhawulezayo ushiya iimpazamo ezininzi, chaza oko njengorhwebo phakathi kwesantya nokuchaneka, kungekhona njengokuphucuka okungathandabuzekiyo. Ukuba ukuchaneka kokugqibela kuhlala kunjalo ngoxa umzamo wokulungisa usihla, naloo nto iluncedo ukuyazi. Injongo yokusebenzisa imilinganiselo emininzi kukwenza utshintsho lubonakale, endaweni yokudibanisa zonke iziphumo zibe linani elinye elikhuthazayo. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Soukoreff et al., 2001
Ukuphucuka kufanele kuchazwe ngokwenqanaba elivavanyiweyo. Ukuchwetheza kakuhle bubuchule obuluncedo; izifundo zokuchwetheza ezikhankanyiweyo azenzi i-WPM okanye ukuchaneka kube ngumlinganiselo wobukrelekrele, wengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo, okanye wokuphucuka ngokubanzi kwengqiqo. Izigqibo zazo zimalunga nokufaka umbhalo kwiimeko ezichaziweyo. Dhakal et al., 2018 Feit et al., 2016
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwesantya sokuchwetheza
Zama uvavanyo lwesantya sokuchwetheza uze ufunde isantya, ukuchaneka nendlela yokufaka umbhalo kunye. Ukuze ulandele inkqubela yakho, gcina useto loncedo nohlobo lwesiqendu lungatshintshi. Isiphumo esiluncedo ngakumbi seso unokusitolika, kuquka iimpazamo zaso.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba ukuchaneka kwe-100% kusoloko kuyeyona nto ilungileyo?
Kuyanqweneleka ukuba umbhalo wokugqibela uchaneke, kodwa ezi zifundo azimiseli njongo yoqeqesho enye efanelekileyo engayikhathaleliyo isantya, umzamo wokulungisa neemfuno zomsebenzi. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Ngaba ukulungisa impazamo yokuchwetheza kuyazicima iindleko zayo?
Kunokuyisusa impazamo yokugqibela, kodwa kusadla ixesha nokucofa izitshixo. Yiyo loo nto umzamo wokulungisa ungumlinganiselo owahlukileyo. Soukoreff et al., 2001
Ngaba ndingathelekisa ukuchaneka phakathi kweewebhusayithi?
Kuphela emva kokujonga indlela nganye echaza ngayo iimpazamo, ebala ngayo umbhalo, nephatha ngayo izilungiso. Iipesenti ezilinganayo zisenokubangelwa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunika amanqaku. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Imithombo
- Dhakal et al. (2018). Oko kwabonwa ekuchwethezeni kwizigidi eziyi-136 zokucofa izitshixo.
- Palin et al. (2019). Abantu bachwetheza njani kwizixhobo eziphathwayo?.
- Feit et al. (2016). Indlela esichwetheza ngayo.
- Soukoreff et al. (2003). Imilinganiselo yophando lokufaka umbhalo.
- Soukoreff et al. (2001). Ukulinganisa iimpazamo kwimisebenzi yokufaka umbhalo.
- MacKenzie and Soukoreff (2002). Ukufaka umbhalo kwiikhompyutha eziphathwayo: imifuziselo neendlela, ithiyori nokuqhelisela.
- Salthouse (1986). Imiba yokuqonda, yengqiqo neyentshukumo ekuchwethezeni umbhalo okhutshelwayo..
- Keith et al. (2007). Inkcazelo yokuziqhelanisa ngabom ngobuchule bokuchwetheza kubachwethezi bemihla ngemihla..