Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Ibango | Intsingiselo esekelwe kubungqina |
|---|---|
| Intetho yangaphakathi inciphisa isantya somntu wonke silingane nesokufunda ekhwaza | Ukufunda cwaka nokufunda ukhwaza kunezantya ezahlukileyo; ubungqina abuluxhasi olo lingano lulula |
| Ukuphelisa intetho yangaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza | Akukho siqinisekiso sinjalo ngokubanzi |
| Ukubuyela emva ngamehlo kusoloko kuyinkcitha-xesha | Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ukuphinda ufunde kunokunceda ukuqonda |
| I-WPM ephezulu eboniswayo isoloko ithetha ukufunda ngcono | Kufuneka kuvavanywe nokuqonda |
Igama elithi ukuzibizela amagama engqondweni lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Linokuthetha ilizwi langaphakathi umntu alivayo, umsebenzi omncinane onxulumene nokuthetha, okanye ukusetyenzwa kolwimi okusebenzisa imifanekiso yezandi. Ezi asizizo izinto ezilinganiswa ngendlela efanayo. Uphononongo lwesantya sokufunda luthetha ngokusetyenzwa kwezandi zolwimi, yaye lulumkisa ngokucinga ukuba ukuphepha ukuva ilizwi langaphakathi kuthetha ukuba iimfuno zokusetyenzwa kolwimi xa kufundwa ziyaphela. Rayner et al., 2016
Kutheni ukuhambisa amehlo ngokukhawuleza kunganelanga
Amehlo aqokelela inkcazelo ebonwayo ngokuma ejonga kwiindawo ezithile nangokutsiba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, kodwa ukuqonda kufuna ukuqaphela amagama nokudibanisa iintsingiselo zawo. Uphononongo lwentshukumo yamehlo lubonisa ukuba indlela ulwazi olujongwa ngayo nonkqubo yolwimi ziyasebenzisana. Ukuhambisa isalathisi ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuthintela amehlo ukuba angabuyeli emva akubonisi ukuba kwaqondwa inkcazelo efanayo. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
USchotter noogxa bakhe bavavanya indlela eyenza ukuba amagama ebesele efundiwe angafumaneki ukuze aphinde afundwe kakuhle. Ukuqonda kuye kwehla. Esi siphumo asibonisi ukuba ukubuyela emva ngakunye kuyimfuneko; sibonisa ukuba akufanelekanga ukuphatha konke ukubuyela ngasemva njengempazamo emele isuswe ngokuzenzekelayo. Schotter et al., 2014
Kutheni ezinye izicatshulwa zibonakala zifundeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu
Ukuqheleka kwamagama namava olwimi kuyayitshintsha indlela yokusetyenzwa kwawo. Uphando ngokuphindaphindeka kwamagama kulwimi lwesibini nezifundo zesigama lubonisa isizathu sokuba igama ongalaziyo okanye ulwimi ongaluqhelanga lunokucothisa umsebenzi. Oku akubonisi ukuba unobangela yintetho yangaphakathi, nokuba umfundi uqaphela ilizwi langaphakathi ngakumbi kwizicatshulwa ezinzima. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Kuthekani ngokukroba nje isicatshulwa?
Ukukroba isicatshulwa kunokuba luncedo xa injongo ikukufumana isihloko okanye ukujonga ngokubanzi ukuba sithetha ngantoni. Ngale ndlela ufunda inkcazelo encinane, ngoko kufuneka uyivavanye ngokwenjongo leyo. Uphononongo lwesantya sokufunda luyahlula loo msebenzi ekuqondeni yonke into ebhaliweyo ngesantya esiphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukukroba ngokukhawuleza akubonisi ukuba ukuqonda iinkcukacha akukatshintshi. Rayner et al., 2016
Imilinganiselo yamanani yabantu abadala nayo inomda. Isuka kwizishwankathelo zemisebenzi yesiNgesi, yaye uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lwalufundile; ayimiselanga milinganiselo yeminyaka eyahlukileyo kuzo zonke iilwimi. Abantwana, abantu abadala nabafundi bolwimi lwesibini akufanele bagwetywe ngomlinganiselo omnye okanye ngokuba baziva bengaliva kangakanani ilizwi langaphakathi. Brysbaert, 2019
Yintoni enokunceda endaweni yokuzama ukuyicinezela?
Funda izinto ezilungele injongo yakho, ujonge ukuba uziqondile na, uze uqhele ulwimi nomxholo. Uphononongo lokufunda lubonisa ukuba amava nolwazi lolwimi zizinto ezibalulekileyo, kodwa alumiseli ixesha lokuziqhelisa elifanele wonke umntu okanye ukonyuka kwesantya okuqinisekisiweyo. Uphando malunga nokuba sisiphi isigama esifunekayo lukwajonga ukuba mangaphi amagama kwisicatshulwa esithile owaziyo, aluchazi ndlela ekhawulezayo yokunyusa isantya ngoko nangoko. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Ukuze uthelekise indlela ofunda ngayo, sebenzisa izicatshulwa ongaziqhelanga uze uthelekise ukuqonda kwakho nexesha olithathayo. Ukuba indlela ethile inyusa i-WPM kodwa inciphisa ukukwazi kwakho ukucacisa isicatshulwa, chaza loo nto njengenzuzo enelahleko ehamba nayo. Ukuncipha nje kwelizwi langaphakathi olivayo akubobungqina bokufunda ngcono. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Eyona njongo ifikelelekayo kukuqonda izinto ezifanelekileyo ngokuyimpumelelo ngakumbi. Akukho mthombo ukhankanyiweyo ubonisa ukuba ukucinezela ukuzibizela amagama engqondweni kuvavanyo lwesikhangeli kwandisa ubukrelekrele ngokubanzi okanye kususa ngokusisigxina imida yokusetyenzwa kolwimi xa kufundwa. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda
Zama uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda ungazinyanzeli ukusebenzisa indlela ongayiqhelanga yokucinezela ilizwi langaphakathi. Bhala phantsi ukuqonda kwakho kunye nesantya. Ukuba uzama ukutshintsha indlela ofunda ngayo, thatha iziphumo njengothelekiso olusebenza kweso sicatshulwa kuphela, kungekhona umlinganiselo oqinisekisiweyo wentetho yangaphakathi.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba ukuva ilizwi ngaphakathi kubonisa ukuba umntu akafundi kakuhle?
Uphononongo aluxhasi eso sigqibo ngokubanzi. Ukusetyenzwa kolwimi okunxulumene nezandi nokuthetha igama ngalinye ngokuvakalayo zizinto ezahlukileyo. Rayner et al., 2016
Ngaba ndifanele ndikuphephe ukujonga ngasemva?
Hayi njengomthetho osebenza kuzo zonke iimeko. Uvavanyo olulawulwayo lwafumanisa ukuba ukukwazi ukuphinda ufunde kuyanceda ekuqondeni. Schotter et al., 2014
Ngaba ndingaziqhelisa ukukroba isicatshulwa ngokwahlukeneyo?
Ewe, kodwa kuvavanye njengokujonga iindawo ezikhethiweyo ukuze ufumane umbono jikelele okanye ufumane into oyikhangelayo; akubonisi ukuba uqonde zonke iinkcukacha ngesantya esibonisiweyo. Rayner et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaphi amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Uphononongo nohlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zophando ngesantya sokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuninzi esimele sikufunde, kodwa ixesha lincinane.
- Rayner (1998). Iintshukumo zamehlo xa kufundwa nokusetyenzwa kwenkcazelo: iminyaka engama-20 yophando.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Iintshukumo zamehlo xa kufundwa nokusetyenzwa kwenkcazelo: ilifa likaKeith Rayner leminyaka engama-40.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Amava olwimi lwesibini alawula ifuthe lokuphindaphindeka kwamagama kulwimi lokuqala nolwesibini: ubungqina obuvela kwimilinganiselo yeentshukumo zamehlo ngexesha lokufunda iziqendu eziqhelekileyo.
- Nation (2006). Sifuna isigama esingakanani ukuze sifunde size siphulaphule?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musa ukukukholelwa oko ukufundayo (kanye kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaphi amagama esiwaziyo? Uqikelelo olusebenzayo lobungakanani besigama ngokwendlela igama elichazwa ngayo, ubungakanani bokuvezwa kolwimi nobudala bomthathi-nxaxheba.