Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umsebenzi opapashiweyo | Isampulu | Ixesha eliphakathi elilinganisiweyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusabela okulula okubonwayo, Uvavanyo 1 lukaWoods | Abantu abadala abayi-1,469, abaneminyaka eyi-18–65 | 231 ms |
| Ukusabela kokukhetha okubonwayo, Uvavanyo 1 lukaWoods | Abantu abadala abayi-1,466, abaneminyaka eyi-18–65 | 550 ms |
| Umsebenzi wokukhetha, iqela leminyaka eyi-18–24 | Abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-86 | 472 ms |
| Umsebenzi wokukhetha, iqela leminyaka eyi-59–65 | Abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-246 | 590 ms |
Amanani omsebenzi olula akwinkcazelo yesampulu yawo; amaqela eminyaka nomlinganiselo wawo womsebenzi wokukhetha akwiTheyibhile 2. Ezi zifundo zenziwa kwindawo yophando efanayo kodwa zasebenzisa izivuseleli ezahlukileyo neemfuno zomsebenzi ezahlukileyo. Ukuthabatha imilinganiselo yazo iyonke kukubala nje okuchazayo; akusosilinganiso esicocekileyo senqanaba elinye lokucinga. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Yintoni etshintshayo xa kusongezwa ukhetho?
Kumsebenzi olula, umntu othatha inxaxheba unokulungiselela ukwenza intshukumo enye ngaphambi komqondiso ngamnye. Umsebenzi wokukhetha ufuna ukuqaphela oko kuvelileyo aze akunxulumanise nesenzo. Iimvavanyo zakudala zikaHick noHyman zinxulumanisa ixesha lokuphendula nolwazi olukwezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, kuquka inani lazo kunye namathuba okubonakala kwemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
Yiloo nto umntu enokusabela ngokukhawuleza ekukhanyeni kodwa athathe ixesha elide ukukhetha intshukumo echanekileyo kumdlalo. Akukho kuphikisana: le misebenzi ibuza imibuzo eyahlukileyo. Umsebenzi wokukhetha waselebhu ukwalawula ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezikhoyo, nto leyo umdlalo wokwenene okanye imeko yokuqhuba engayinciphisiyo ibe ngumlinganiselo omnye wexesha lokusabela osebenza kuyo yonke indawo. Woods et al., 2015
Iminyaka nesini kufuneka zitolikwe njani?
Amanani amaqela eminyaka angasentla aphuma kwisampulu ethelekisa abantu ngexesha elinye, awaphumi ekulandeleni abantu abafanayo amashumi eminyaka. Asebenza ekuboneni imeko yomsebenzi kodwa awanakuxela ukuba amanqaku omntu omnye aza kutshintsha kangakanani ngonyaka ngamnye. Kananjalo awamisele iipesenti zesikhangeli se-intanethi ezixhomekeke kwiminyaka okanye uhlengahlengiso olusisigxina ngokwesini. Ezo zinto zifuna indlela yovavanyo efanayo nemilinganiselo efanelekileyo. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Amanqaku aquka iimpazamo kunye nesantya
Ukuqikelela ngokukhawuleza kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula kodwa kwandise iimpazamo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wokukhetha kufuneka uchaze ukuba yintoni ebalwa njengempendulo echanekileyo, ukungaphenduli okanye ukuphendula ngaphambi kwexesha. Ixesha eliphakathi leempendulo ezichanekileyo alinakutolikwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuba ukuchaneka kutshintshile na. Uphononongo lokukhetha lukaWoods luchaza iziphumo ezininzi endaweni yokuthatha ixesha lokuphendula njengengcaciso epheleleyo yokusebenza. Woods et al., 2015
Iimpendulo ezicotha kakhulu okanye ezikhawuleza kakhulu nendlela ephathwa ngayo imizamo ephosiweyo nazo zinokutshintsha isishwankathelo. Indlela yokuphatha amanqaku angaqhelekanga iyinxalenye yenkcazelo yamanqaku; iiwebhusayithi ezimbini ezinemigaqo eyahlukileyo zinokuvelisa amanani ahlukeneyo kwindlela yokuziphatha efanayo. Ratcliff, 1993
Kutheni iziphumo ze-intanethi zahlukile kwitheyibhile
Izikrini, izixhobo zokufaka impendulo neenkqubo zesikhangeli zongeza ezazo iilibaziseko nokungazinzi kwamaxesha. Uthelekiso lovavanyo lubonisa ukuba izitampu-xesha ezichaneke kakhulu zesoftware aziziphelisi ezo mahluko. Ukuthelekisa umsebenzi wokukhetha ngefowuni nomsebenzi olula osebenzisa imawusi kudibanisa ukukhetha impendulo kunye nomahluko wezixhobo nentshukumo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Ukuze wenze uthelekiso olungekho sesikweni kodwa luluncedo, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo uze ufunde imiyalelo yayo yomibini imisebenzi. Lindela umahluko oxhomekeke kumsebenzi; musa ukuthatha naliphi na inani njengomlinganiselo wesantya ngokubanzi. Uphando ngokuthembeka lukwalumkisa ukuba impembelelo enkulu yomsebenzi kumndilili ayithethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umahluko wamanqaku omntu luphawu oluzinzileyo. Hedge et al., 2017
Ukuziqhelanisa kunokwenza unxulumano phakathi kwesivuseleli nempendulo luqheleke ngakumbi. Oko kunokuba kukufunda kokwenene kwaloo msebenzi, kodwa akubonisi ukuphucuka ngokubanzi ekwenzeni izigqibo. Isiphumo esiluncedo ngokwenzululwazi kukuphucuka komsebenzi ochazwe ngokucacileyo, kugcinwa iinkcukacha zeempazamo neemeko zovavanyo. Woods et al., 2015 Hick, 1952
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwexesha lokusabela
Qala ngovavanyo lwexesha lokusabela ukuze ubone umsebenzi wempendulo elula. Ukuba uzama novavanyo olusekelwe kukhetho olufana novavanyo lwe-Stroop, thelekisa imiyalelo neemfuno zokuchaneka kwalo ngaphambi kokuthelekisa amaxesha. Umahluko awungomlinganiselo oqinisekisiweyo wobukrelekrele bakho okanye wesakhono sakho sokwenza izigqibo.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngowuphi umsebenzi ofana ngakumbi nokudlala imidlalo yevidiyo?
Imidlalo idla ngokufuna ukukhetha, ukuqikelela nokushukuma. Umsebenzi wokukhetha olawulwayo uvavanya inkalo enye, kodwa akukho namnye kule misebenzi oluvavanyo olupheleleyo lokusebenza kumdlalo. Woods et al., 2015
Ngaba ukuphinda kabini inani leendlela zokukhetha kuphinda kabini ixesha lokusabela?
Iziphumo zakudala zimalunga nolwazi olukwezinye iindlela zokukhetha, azithethi mthetho oqinisekisa ukuphinda kabini. Unxulumaniso, amathuba nendlela umsebenzi oyilwe ngayo zibalulekile. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
Ndingawathabatha amanqaku am ukuze ndilinganise ixesha lokucinga?
Ukuthabatha amanqaku kudibanisa umahluko wemisebenzi nowokulinganisa ukuba uyilo aluzange luyilawule. Akusoloko kuluqikelelo olusulungekileyo lwenqanaba lokucubungula ulwazi. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2015). Izinto ezichaphazela ixesha lokusabela okulula.
- Woods et al. (2015). Ukucotha okunxulumene nobudala ekukhetheni nasekuveliseni impendulo kumsebenzi wexesha lokusabela ngokukhetha okubonwayo.
- Hick (1952). Ngezinga lokufumana ulwazi.
- Hyman (1953). Ulwazi lwesivuseleli njengento emisela ixesha lokusabela.
- Ratcliff (1993). Iindlela zokuphatha amanqaku exesha lokusabela angaqhelekanga.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukuchaneka nokuthembeka okufanelekileyo kwamaqonga ovavanyo lwe-intanethi, izikhangeli zewebhu nezixhobo.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Uphononongo olukhulu lwamaxesha: ukuthelekisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeejenereyitha zovavanyo, ezaselebhu neze-intanethi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Isiphicothi sokuthembeka: kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda eyomeleleyo ingavelisi mahluko azinzileyo phakathi kwabantu.