Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umbuzo wophando | Okwahlulwayo bubungqina |
|---|---|
| Ukujikelezisa izinto engqondweni xa kuthelekiswa nazo zonke izakhono zendawo | Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yendawo ibonisa iipateni ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwamaqela |
| Umndilili weqela xa kuthelekiswa namandla omntu | Umahluko kumndilili awumchazi wonke umntu |
| Indlela oqhuba ngayo ngoku xa ithelekiswa nokukwazi ukuqeqeshwa | Izifundo zoqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo zifumanisa ukuphucuka |
| Amanqaku omsebenzi xa ethelekiswa nobukrelekrele ngokubanzi | Umsebenzi omnye wezakhono zendawo awubonisi yonke iprofayili yokuqonda |
Isishwankathelo sikaVoyer noogxa bakhe sahlula iziphumo ngokohlobo lovavanyo oluthile nendlela oluqhutywe ngayo. Isishwankathelo sangaphambili sikaLinn noPetersen naso sahlula ukujikelezisa izinto engqondweni, ukuqonda indawo nokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wezinto ezikwindawo. Ukuchaza inani elinye njengomahluko ngokwesini kuzo zonke izakhono zendawo kuyawutyeshela lo mahluko. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Uvavanyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni lufuna wenze ntoni?
Uvavanyo lwakudala lukaShepard noMetzler lwalujonga izigqibo ezimalunga nezinto ezinamacala amathathu ezijikelezisiweyo. UVandenberg noKuse benza uvavanyo lwephepha olwalusetyenziswa kumaqela, lunemibuzo nendlela yalo yokubala amanqaku. Uvavanyo olukwibhrawuza olusebenzisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo, amaxesha amisiweyo okanye imithetho yokuphendula eyahlukileyo aluzifumani ngokuzenzekelayo izikali zovavanyo lwangaphambili. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Oku kuthetha nokuba umahluko wokuchaneka, umahluko wexesha lokugqiba, nomahluko wenani lemibuzo efikelelweyo ngexesha elimisiweyo ziziphumo ezahlukileyo. Indlela oluqhutywe ngayo uvavanyo iyinxalenye yesiphumo; ayiyonto engenamsebenzi enokungahoywa. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Umahluko kumndilili uthetha ntoni ngokufana kwamanqaku?
Awuthethi ukuba onke amadoda enza ngcono kunabo bonke abafazi, okanye ukuba amanqaku omntu anokuqikelelwa ngesini sakhe. Uphononongo lukaHyde lubeka umahluko wokuqonda ngokwesini kumxholo wokufana okuninzi nomahluko oxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi. Isishwankathelo seqela asisosigwebo ngomntu. Hyde, 2005
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ngaba izifundo zibonisa unobangela?
Ukubona umahluko akukwazi ukwahlula imiphumo yebhayoloji, yamava, yeendlela ezisetyenziswayo, yoyilo lovavanyo okanye yokudibana kwazo. Uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo olucatshulweyo lushwankathela iziphumo nezinto ezizitshintshayo; aluthetheleli ibango lokuba kukho unobangela omnye kumntu othile. Iipateni zokukhula nazo zixhomekeke kwindlela yokulinganisa, kungekhona kubudala obunye behlabathi apho kuvela khona wonke umahluko wezakhono zendawo. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ngaba ukuziqhelanisa kunokuphucula indlela oqhuba ngayo?
Uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo lukaUttal noogxa bakhe loqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo lwafumanisa umphumo woqeqesho ophakathi olingana noHedges' g = 0.47 emva kokususa iziphumo ezigqithiseleyo. Isishwankathelo sibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqeqesha izakhono zendawo, kungekhona ukujikelezisa izinto engqondweni kuphela yaye kungekhona umdlalo weHelibrain. Sixhasa uluvo lokuba ukusebenza kwizakhono zendawo kunokuphucuka, kodwa asithembisi ukuba wonke umntu uya kuzuza ngokufanayo okanye ukuba umahluko wamaqela uza kuphela ngokupheleleyo. Uttal et al., 2013
Uphando lokuphinda kuvavanywe lukwafumanisa ukuphucuka kwimisebenzi yokukwazi ukuqonda. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuthiwe iziphumo ezingcono kamva zibangelwa lutshintsho olubanzi lwesakhono, kufuneka kuthelekiswe iziphumo kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuboniswa kovavanyo ngaphambili nokuqhelana nomsebenzi. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ungasitolika njani esakho isiphumo?
Gcina uhlobo lwemifanekiso, ixesha elimisiweyo nendlela yokubala amanqaku zingatshintshi, uze ujonge isantya kunye nokuchaneka. Uphando lokuthembeka kweemvavanyo lulumkisa ngelithi umsebenzi wovavanyo osebenza kakuhle awusoloko uvelisa uluhlu oluzinzileyo lwamanqaku abantu ngabanye. Isiphumo esinye sovavanyo olufutshane bubungqina obubuthathaka bokuba umntu unesakhono esisisigxina sendawo. Hedge et al., 2017
Indlela eluncedo yokutolika ijolise kumsebenzi othile: qaphela ukuba loluphi ujikeleziso okanye mthetho onzima, uze ulinganise inkqubela kwimibuzo emitsha enokuthelekiswa nayo. Ubungqina buxhasa ukufunda izakhono zendawo, kodwa ukuphucuka komntu ngamnye akuqinisekanga. Abuxhasi ibango lokuba esinye isini asinakujikelezisa izinto okanye lokuba lo mdlalo uphucula ubukrelekrele ngokubanzi. Uttal et al., 2013 Hyde, 2005
Inani leempembelelo ezingama-286 lichaza ububanzi besishwankathelo esinye sembali. Alifanele lithathwe njengesampulu yesiqhelo yanamhlanje emele abantu ngokubanzi, okanye njengenani elinokusetyenziswa ukubala ipesenti yomntu kuvavanyo lwasebhrawuzini. Voyer et al., 1995
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni
Zama uvavanyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni uze utolike amanqaku ngokwemiyalelo yalo. Thelekisa iimvavanyo zakho eziqhutywe ngendlela efanayo endaweni yokugqiba ngesiphumo ngokusekelwe kwingcinga eqhelekileyo ngeqela. Iziphumo ezipapashiweyo aziboneleli ngohlengahlengiso lwamanqaku alo mdlalo olusekelwe kwisini.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba umndilili undixelela ukuba ngubani oza kuphumelela?
Hayi. Umahluko kumndilili wamaqela awuqinisekisi ukuba ngubani oza kwenza ngcono xa kuthelekiswa abantu ababini. Hyde, 2005
Ngaba umahluko uyafana kuzo zonke iimvavanyo zezakhono zendawo?
Hayi. Zombini ezi zishwankathelo zakudala zahlula iintlobo zemisebenzi nezinto eziphembelela indlela eqhutywa ngayo. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ngaba izakhono zendawo zinokuphucuka?
Isishwankathelo soqeqesho sixhasa ukuphucuka komndilili kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqeqesha izakhono zendawo, kodwa iziphumo ziyahluka yaye akukho nzuzo yobuqu iqinisekisiweyo. Uttal et al., 2013
Imithombo
- Voyer et al. (1995). Ubungakanani bomahluko ngokwesini kwizakhono zendawo: uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo nokuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo..
- Linn et al. (1985). Ukuvela nokuchazwa komahluko ngokwesini kwisakhono sendawo: uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Ukujikelezisa izinto ezinamacala amathathu engqondweni.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Ukujikelezisa izinto engqondweni: uvavanyo lweqela lokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wezinto ezinamacala amathathu kwindawo.
- Uttal et al. (2013). Ukuguquguquka kwezakhono zendawo: uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo lwezifundo zoqeqesho..
- Hyde (2005). Ingcamango yokufana ngokwesini..
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Iziphumo zokuphinda kuvavanywe kwiimvavanyo zesakhono sokuqonda: uhlalutyo oludityanisiweyo.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekileyo ingavelisi mahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.