Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Into oyicelayo | Oko kuboniswa yimpendulo echanekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqaphela | Chonga okanye uqaphele igama okanye intsingiselo | Ulwazi oluqondwayo ngokwalo mbuzo |
| Ukukhumbula ngoncedo okanye ukuvelisa | Khumbula imo yegama okanye intsingiselo usebenzisa isikhokelo | Ukukwazi ukukhumbula okungaphezulu kulo msebenzi |
| Ukuthetha ngokungazilungiselelanga | Khetha uze uvelise ulwimi kwimeko ethile | Indlela oqhuba ngayo ebandakanya isigama nezinye izakhono |
Uphononongo lukaWebb lusebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zokuguqulela zokuvavanya ulwazi oluqondwayo nolusetyenziswayo, lwaza lwabeka amanqaku ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo olwazi. Iziphumo zalo azimiseli umlinganiselo osisigxina phakathi kwesigama esisebenzayo nesingasetyenziswa rhoqo. Ngokukodwa, umahluko wamanqaku olwazi olungaphelelanga nolupheleleyo ubonisa ukuba indlela echazwa ngayo into yokwazi igama iyayitshintsha indlela obonakala ngayo umsantsa. Webb, 2008
Kutheni ukuqaphela kunokubonakala kulula
Isikhokelo sinokunika ulwazi olungafumanekiyo xa kufuneka ukhumbule ngaphandle koncedo. ULaufer noGoldstein bahlula ulwazi lwesigama ngokwamandla nangohlobo lovavanyo, kuquka ukuqaphela nokukhumbula. Le ndlela inceda ukucacisa ukuba ukukhetha intsingiselo eqhelekileyo akufani nokuvelisa igama ngokukhawuleza kwincoko. Laufer et al., 2004
Ubungakanani besigama buxhomekeke nakwiyunithi esetyenziswayo ekubaleni. Uphando olukhulu ngesigama sesiNgesi lwahlula iintlobo zamagama abhaliweyo, iilema neentsapho zamagama asisiseko. Ukwazi iimo ezininzi ezitshintshileyo zegama akuthethi ukuba wazi inani elifanayo leeyunithi zamagama ezizimeleyo. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Ngaba isigama esikhulu esiqondwayo siyanceda ekufundeni?
Sinokwenza ukuba uqonde iindawo ezininzi zesicatshulwa, kodwa ukugqunywa kwamagama akulinganisi ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda. UNation uhlalutya ukuba zingaphi iintsapho zamagama ezigubungela imathiriyeli ebhaliweyo nethethwayo, kanti uSchmitt nabalingane bakhe bafumanisa unxulumano oluqhubekayo phakathi kokwazi amagama asesicatshulweni nokuqonda. Akukho tshintsho luzenzekelayo olusuka kwinani lesigama luye ekuqondeni ngokupheleleyo. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Kutheni kufuneka sichaze ngononophelo ukuvezwa nokuziqhelanisa
Uphononongo lukaWebb lokuphindaphinda luvavanya indlela ukudibana namagama ngokuphindaphindiweyo okuchaphazela ngayo imiba eyahlukeneyo yolwazi lwamagama. Luxhasa ukwahlula ukufunda okuyinxenye kulwazi olunzulu ngakumbi; alubonisi ukuba kukho inani elinye lokuphindaphinda elenza onke amagama afumaneke xa umntu ethetha engazilungiselelanga. Ubunzima begama, imeko nendlela yokufunda zisenempembelelo. Webb, 2007
Uphononongo lobungakanani besigama luchaza unxulumano nobudala nemfundo, luze luxoxe ngokuqokelelana kokuvezwa kolwimi njengenkcazelo enokwenzeka. Ezi ndlela zibonwe kuphononongo azifanele zibhalwe ngokutsha ngathi lilinganiswe izinga lokufunda lomntu ngosuku ngalunye, okanye kukho isithembiso sokuba ukufunda umlinganiselo othile kuya kwandisa isigama esisebenzayo ngenani elisisigxina. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kuthekani ngobudala, isini nolwimi?
Umahluko phakathi kokuqaphela nokuvelisa uyasebenza ekuyilweni kwemisebenzi yovavanyo, kodwa izifundo zabafundi ezicatshuliweyo azimiseli umlinganiselo osebenza kuye wonke umntu ngokobudala okanye isini. Ulwimi lokuqala, inqanaba lobuchule nesampulu yamagama esetyenzisiweyo ziyayitshintsha indlela ekufuneka zitolikwe ngayo iziphumo. Uqikelelo lwesiNgesi alufanele ludluliselwe lungatshintshwanga kwezinye iilwimi ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha amagama nokubala. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Izantya zokufunda nazo ziyahluka ngokwamava olwimi nangenjongo yokufunda. Isiphumo sokufunda esicothayo okanye ukuthetha ngokuthandabuza akunakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo ngamanqaku obungakanani besigama kuphela. Ukuqonda nokuvelisa ulwimi kufuna nezinye iinkqubo zengqondo. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yintoni onokuyilinganisa ngokwenene?
Sebenzisa umsebenzi ohambelana nombuzo. Imibuzo yokuqaphela inokulandelela ukuqaphela ngokwemikhondo yayo; umsebenzi wokuvelisa uyafuneka ukuvavanya ukukhumbula iimo zamagama kwimeko evavanyiweyo. Ukuthelekisa ezi zimbini kufuna umxholo othelekisekayo nemigaqo ecacileyo yokunika amanqaku. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Ukuziqhelanisa nokukhumbula amagama kunokunceda xa injongo ikukuwakhumbula, kodwa ezi zifundo aziboneleli ngenkqubo eqinisekisa ukuthetha ngokutyibilikayo. Isiphumo esithembekileyo kukuphucuka kwinkalo ethile yolwazi lwamagama, kunokuba kuthiwe amanqaku athile okuqonda amele yonke into onokuyithetha, oyiqondayo okanye oyikhumbulayo. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwesigama
Zama uvavanyo lwesigama njengomsebenzi wokuqaphela amagama, uze ufunde ingcaciso yendlela yokubala nokunika amanqaku. Alilinganisi sonke isigama osisebenzisa xa uthetha, kwaye aliqikeleli umlinganiselo osisigxina phakathi kokuqaphela nokuvelisa amagama.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba isigama esingasetyenziswa rhoqo sihlala siphinda kabini eso sisebenzayo?
Akukho mlinganiselo omnye omiselweyo osebenza kuye wonke umntu. Umsantsa obonakalayo uyatshintsha ngokwamagama, uhlobo lomsebenzi nenqanaba lolwazi olufunekayo. Webb, 2008
Ngaba ukuqaphela igama kuthetha ukuba ndilazi ngokupheleleyo?
Kubonisa ulwazi olufunwa nguloo mbuzo. Ukukhumbula, ukuqonda ubunzulu bentsingiselo nokusebenzisa igama ngokwemeko kusenokufuna ulwazi olwahlukileyo. Laufer et al., 2004
Ngaba amanqaku esigama aya kuqikelela ukuqonda endikufumana xa ndifunda?
Anokunika umxholo, kodwa ukwazi amagama asesicatshulweni nokuqonda zizinto ezinxulumene kodwa ezingalinganiyo. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Imithombo
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaphi amagama esiwaziyo? Uqikelelo olusebenzayo lobungakanani besigama ngokuxhomekeke kwinkcazelo yegama, kwinqanaba lokuchanabeka kulwimi nakubudala bomthathi-nxaxheba.
- Nation (2006). Sifuneka sibe nesigama esingakanani ukuze sifunde size siphulaphule?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Ukuvavanya ulwazi lwesigama: ubungakanani, ukomelela nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nekhompyutha.
- Webb (2008). UBUNGAKANANI BESIGAMA ESIQONDWAYO NESISETSHENZISWAYO SABAFUNDI BOLWIMI LWESIBINI (L2).
- Webb (2007). Iziphumo zokuphindaphinda kulwazi lwesigama.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mangaphi amagama akhoyo kwisiNgesi esishicilelwe ezincwadini zesikolo?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaphi amagama esiwafundayo ngomzuzu? Uphononongo nohlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zophando malunga nesantya sokufunda.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Ipesenti yamagama aziwayo kwisicatshulwa nokuqonda okufundwayo.