Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umsebenzi kuphononongo | Umyinge wesantya | Ixesha elibaliweyo lamagama ayi-1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Imibhalo engeyontsomi efundwa cwaka | 238 WPM | Malunga nemizuzu eyi-4 nemizuzwana eyi-12 |
| Iintsomi ezifundwa cwaka | 260 WPM | Malunga nemizuzu eyi-3 nemizuzwana eyi-51 |
| Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo | 183 WPM | Malunga nemizuzu eyi-5 nemizuzwana eyi-28 |
Uqikelelo lokufunda ngokuvakalayo lusekelwe kwizifundo eziyi-77 nakubathathi-nxaxheba abayi-5,965. Amaqela edatha yokufunda cwaka neyokufunda ngokuvakalayo ahluke ngokwemibhalo, imiyalelo nabathathi-nxaxheba, ngoko ke ukususa u-183 ku-238 akubonisi ukuba wonke umfundi ufumana isantya esongezelelekileyo se-55 WPM xa efunda cwaka. Kanti nomndilili weqela awuchazi ukuba lilizwi elihle lokuthetha elinjani, awuxilongi ukufunda ngokutyibilikayo, kwaye awumiseli nesantya ekufuneka umntu asifikelele. Brysbaert, 2019
Ukuthetha kongeza omnye umsebenzi wokuvelisa amagama
Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo kudibanisa ukuqaphela amagama ngamehlo, ukusetyenzwa kolwimi nokuwabiza. Ukufunda cwaka kusasetyenzwa ulwimi, kodwa akufuneki kulinde de igama ngalinye libizwe ngomlomo. Uphononongo lweentshukumo zamehlo luchaza indlela ukubona okubhaliweyo nokusetyenzwa kolwimi okusebenzisana ngayo; akukho nanye kwezi ndlela ibandakanya nje ukuhambisa amehlo kumgca. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Lo mahluko awuthethi ukuba ukufunda cwaka akunazimbonakaliso zengqondo ezinxulumene nezandi. Uphononongo lokufunda ngesantya esiphezulu luchaza isizathu sokuba ukuphelisa intetho yangaphakathi kungaboniswanga njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokufikelela ekuqondeni ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu. Ukungabikho kwentetho evakalayo nokungabikho kokusetyenzwa kwezandi zolwimi ngamabango amabini ahlukileyo. Rayner et al., 2016
Yeyiphi indlela enceda ukuqonda ngakumbi?
Le milinganiselo mibini yesantya ayinakuphendula loo mbuzo iyodwa. Ukuqonda kuxhomekeke kumbhalo, kwinjongo nakumfundi. Uvavanyo lokuthintela ukuphinda kufundwe lubonisa ukuba ukubuyela kumagama kunokunceda ukuqonda; umyalelo ongqongqo wokugcina isantya esiphezulu unokunciphisa ixesha eliluncedo lokusetyenzwa kolwazi nokuba umntu ufunda ngayiphi indlela. Schotter et al., 2014
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Kutheni ubudala nolwimi lutshintsha uthelekiso
Uphononongo lufumana izantya ezahlukileyo kubantwana, kubantu abadala nabafundi bolwimi lwesibini. Ulwazi lwamagama namava olwimi luchaphazela indlela amagama aqondwa ngayo, yaye uphando lolwimi lwesibini lubonisa ukuba ifuthe lokuqheleka kwegama lixhomekeke kumava omfundi ngolwimi ngalunye. Ngoko izantya zomfundi zolufunda ngokuvakalayo nolokufunda cwaka zisenokwahluka ngendlela engafaniyo nemilinganiselo edityanisiweyo yabantu abadala abafunda ngesiNgesi. Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012
Ukuqaphela isigama akufani nokuvelisa intetho ngokutyibilikayo. Uqikelelo lwenani lamagama aziwayo luxhomekeke kwindlela abalwa ngayo, kanti amagama aqondwa xa kufundwa axhomekeke kumagama akuloo mbhalo uthile. Ezi zizathu zokuba singasebenzisi inani elinye le-WPM yokufunda ngokuvakalayo njengomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wobuchule bolwimi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Yintoni efanelekileyo ukuziqhelanisa nayo?
Khetha indlela ehambelana nomsebenzi: ukunikela intetho ngokuvakalayo nokufunda ngenjongo yokuqonda ngasese kusebenzisa izakhono ezithile ezifanayo kodwa azifani ngokupheleleyo. Thelekisa imibhalo efanayo uze uhlole ukuba uyiqondile na. Uphononongo lokufunda luxhasa ukutolika okuhambelana nomsebenzi, alucebisi ukuba wonke umntu makasoloko efunda ngendlela enye. Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016
Xa uthelekisa nje ngokungekho sesikweni, sebenzisa iindinyana ongazaziyo ezimalunga nobunzima obufanayo, uze uphephe ukufunda ngokuvakalayo kwaloo ndinyana kanye emva kokuyifunda cwaka. Ukuqheleka kwayo kungaphazamisa uthelekiso. Jonga isiphumo njengoko sikubonisa kwezo ndinyana, kungekhona njengovavanyo oluqinisekisiweyo lobukrelekrele bakho okanye isiqinisekiso sokuba zonke iincwadi ziya kuba njalo. CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998
Ukuba isantya siyatshintsha, cacisa ukuba oko kuthetha ntoni: ukufunda ngokukhawuleza kodwa ungaqondi kakuhle kwahlukile ekufundeni ngokukhawuleza nokuqonda ngokulinganayo. Inani lesantya lodwa alinakuwubonisa lo mahluko. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda
Zama uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda njengomsebenzi wokufunda cwaka, uze uphendule imibuzo yokuqonda. Alulinganisi ukutyibilika kokufunda ngokuvakalayo. Ukuba ubala ixesha lokufunda ngokuvakalayo ngokwahlukeneyo, libhale ngokucacileyo njengomsebenzi owahlukileyo.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba kulindeleke ukuba ukufunda ngokuvakalayo kube yi-183 WPM?
Lo ngumndilili odityanisiweyo, asiyomfuneko. Umbhalo, imiyalelo, iimpawu zabathathi-nxaxheba nenjongo zichaphazela isiphumo. Brysbaert, 2019
Ngaba ukufunda cwaka kuyiphelisa intetho yangaphakathi?
Hayi. Uphononongo lokufunda ngesantya esiphezulu lwahlula intetho yangaphakathi enxulumene nolwimi ekubizeni igama ngalinye ngokuvakalayo. Rayner et al., 2016
Ngaba uvavanyo lokufunda cwaka lunokuvavanya ubuchule bam bokuthetha?
Alunakukuqinisekisa oko ngesantya sokufunda kuphela. Ukuvelisa intetho kufuna izakhono ezingalinganiswayo ngexesha lokugqiba umsebenzi wokufunda cwaka. CLIFTON et al., 2015
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaphi amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Uphononongo nohlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zophando ngesantya sokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuninzi kakhulu esinokukufunda, kanti ixesha lincinane.
- Rayner (1998). Iintshukumo zamehlo ekufundeni nasekusetyenzweni kolwazi: iminyaka eyi-20 yophando..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Iintshukumo zamehlo ekufundeni nasekusetyenzweni kolwazi: ilifa likaKeith Rayner leminyaka eyi-40.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Amava olwimi lwesibini atshintsha ifuthe lokuqheleka kwamagama kulwimi lokuqala nolwesibini: ubungqina obuvela kwimilinganiselo yeentshukumo zamehlo xa kufundwa iziqendu zendalo.
- Nation (2006). Sifuna isigama esikhulu kangakanani ukuze sifunde size simamele?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musa ukukholelwa koko ukufundayo (kanye kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaphi amagama esiwaziyo? Uqikelelo olusebenzayo lobungakanani besigama luxhomekeke kwindlela igama elichazwa ngayo, kubungakanani bolwimi umntu adibana nalo nakubudala bomthathi-nxaxheba.