Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Inani | Livela phi | Into elingayibonisiyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphantsi kwe-100 ms | Amanqaku aphantsi athandabuzekayo | Ukuba umqondiso ubangele impendulo |
| 110 ms | Elona xesha lisezantsi leempendulo kuphononongo olunye lokubona | Umda osebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zeempendulo zabantu |
| 231 ms | Umndilili wexesha elilinganisiweyo lokusabela kumbono olula kolu phononongo | Injongo okanye ipesenti yesalathiso sesikhangeli sakho |
UWoods nabalingane bakhe basebenzisa amaxesha angalindelekanga okuvela komqondiso, amalinge okuziqhelanisa, nexesha lokuphendula ukuze bachaze ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezibalwayo. Ezi zigqibo ziyinxalenye yokulinganisa impendulo kumqondiso, endaweni yempendulo ekhawulezileyo kakhulu okanye eyenzeka ngexesha elingafanelekanga. Eli phepha laphinda lalungisa iziphumo ngenxa yokulibaziseka kwezixhobo, libonisa isizathu sokuba ixesha elirekhodwe yisoftware lingalingani nje nesiganeko somzimba. Woods et al., 2015
Ukusabela nokuqikelela ziindlela zokuziphatha ezahlukileyo
Ukuba isiganeko esilandelayo sinokuqikelelwa, umntu unokulungiselela intshukumo singekenzeki. Ngoko ke impendulo eyenzeka kufutshane nexesha elilindelekileyo inokubakho kufutshane kakhulu nesiganeko, kodwa ingaqalanga emva kokuba eso siganeko sibonakele. Lo ngumbuzo owahlukileyo kumbuzo wexesha lokusabela kumqondiso osandul' ukuvela nongaxelwa kwangaphambili. Imiyalelo yomsebenzi namaxesha okuboniswa komqondiso zibalulekile ekutolikeni ixesha elifutshane ngokungaqhelekanga. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Impendulo yokukhetha yongeza umsebenzi wokukhetha intshukumo. Uphando lwakudala ngeempendulo ezinokukhethwa phakathi kwazo lubonisa ukuba indlela umsebenzi owakhiwe ngayo iyalichaphazela ixesha lokuphendula; elona xesha lisezantsi libangwa kumdlalo olula obonakalayo akufuneki lidluliselwe kumdlalo ofuna ukukhetha phakathi kweentshukumo ezininzi. Hick, 1952
Isizathu sokuba inqaku elinye elinomtsalane libe bubungqina obubuthathaka
Owona mlinganiselo ukhawulezayo lixabiso elisekupheleni koluhlu. Ukuphinda umsebenzi amaxesha amaninzi kwandisa amathuba okufumana ixabiso elingaqhelekanga, impendulo elindele isiganeko okanye impazamo yokulinganisa. Uphando ngamaxabiso agqithisileyo kwixesha lokusabela luchaza isizathu sokuba abaphandi babeke imigaqo yokuwaphatha, endaweni yokuthatha onke amanani abonisiweyo njengobungqina obulinganayo. Ratcliff, 1993
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo akubonisi ukuba umlinganiselo womzimba uqinisekisiwe
Izikhangeli zinokurekhoda amaxesha aneenkcukacha ezininzi, kodwa ukucaca kwexesha elirekhodiweyo akufani nokuchaneka kwexesha isivuseleli esibonakalayo esiqale ngalo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ixesha lokufaka impendulo. Uthelekiso lwamaqonga lubonisa kokubini ukungafani kwamaxesha nokwahluka kwawo. Inqaku elineendawo ezininzi emva kwekoma alithethi ukuba lilinganisa ngokuchaneke ngakumbi impendulo yakho kumqondiso obonakalayo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Kananjalo, akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa ulungiso lwezixhobo olusuka kolunye useto ukuze kuqinisekiswe okanye kuphikiswe isiphumo esithile. Ulungelelwaniso lusebenza kwizixhobo ezilinganisiweyo. Ngaphandle kwalo, akuqinisekanga ukuba iimpazamo zexesha ekuseto lwakho zijonge kweliphi icala kwaye zingakanani. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Omakwenziwe ngesiphumo esikhawuleza ngokungaqhelekanga
Jonga lonke uvavanyo nemithetho yalo: ngaba bekukho iimpendulo ezenzeke ngaphambi kwexesha, ngaba amaxesha ayenokuqikelelwa, kwaye ngaba inani belilelona lincinane okanye lingumndilili? Thelekisa umlinganiselo ofanayo kwinani elingaguqukiyo lamalinge. Musa ukwandisa inani lamalinge uze utolike elona nani lisezantsi litsha ngokungathi indlela yovavanyo ayitshintshanga. Uphando ngenani lamalinge lubonisa ukuba iimpawu zomlinganiselo zixhomekeke kwidatha eqokelelweyo nakumbuzo obuziweyo. Miller, 2023 Ratcliff, 1993
Isiphumo esinye esizimeleyo naso asithethi nto ingako ngophawu lomntu oluzinzileyo. Kufuneka kuboniswe ukuba umlinganiselo uthembekile, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa umsebenzi ukuhlela abantu ngokwamanqaku. Isigqibo esifanelekileyo sesokuba kwenzeke isiganeko esingaqhelekanga kulo mdlalo; ukuqinisekisa impendulo yomntu ekhethekileyo kufuna umlinganiselo olawulwayo. Hedge et al., 2017
Akukho sizathu apha sokuthi umntu akanyanisekanga, sokufumanisa ingxaki yezempilo okanye sokumisela umda oqinileyo osebenza kubo bonke abantu. Into ebalulekileyo kukwahlula phakathi kwexesha eliboniswe kwisikrini nobungqina bokuba isiganeko esitsha seemvakalelo sibangele impendulo ngokwenene. Woods et al., 2015 Bridges et al., 2020
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwexesha lokusabela
Zama uvavanyo lwexesha lokusabela uze ulandele imiyalelo yalo malunga nokulinda umqondiso. Tolika lonke uvavanyo olugqityiweyo, kuquka neempendulo ezenzeke ngaphambi kwexesha, kunokuba uthathe elona nani lisezantsi njengesatifikethi sesantya sakho sokusabela.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba akunakwenzeka ukuba nawaphi na amanqaku abe ngaphantsi kwe-100 ms?
Le mithombo ayimiselanga mda ungagungqiyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeempendulo. Ibonisa isizathu sokuba inqaku elinye lesikhangeli lingabi bubungqina obaneleyo bokusabela okubonakalayo kwisiganeko esingaxelwa kwangaphambili. Woods et al., 2015
Kutheni izifundo zingazibandakanyi iimpendulo ezikhawuleza kakhulu?
Zichaza amaxesha eempendulo amkelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kweziganeko ezingabonisi inkqubo yokuphendula ebekujoliswe kuyo. Ixesha elikhethiweyo lixhomekeke kuvavanyo. Woods et al., 2015 Ratcliff, 1993
Ndingathelekisa inqaku lombono nomgaqo wokuqalisa kukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo?
Kuphela xa uqwalasela umahluko kwisivuseleli, kwintshukumo nakwindlela yokulinganisa. Umgaqo okwindawo ethile awungomlinganiselo olungelelanisiweyo kwenye indawo. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2015). Izinto ezichaphazela ixesha lokusabela okulula.
- Woods et al. (2015). Ukucotha okunxulumene nobudala ekukhetheni nasekuveliseni impendulo kumsebenzi wexesha lokusabela ngokubonakalayo nokukhethwayo.
- Hick (1952). Ngezinga lokwanda kolwazi.
- Ratcliff (1993). Iindlela zokuphatha amaxabiso agqithisileyo exesha lokusabela.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukuchaneka nokungaguquguquki okunokufikelelwa ngamaqonga ovavanyo lwe-intanethi, izikhangeli zewebhu nezixhobo.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Uphononongo olukhulu lwexesha: ukuthelekisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zovavanyo, zaselebhu nezikwi-intanethi.
- Miller (2023). Bangaphi abathathi-nxaxheba? Mangaphi amalinge? Ukuphucula amandla ezifundo zexesha lokusabela.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Umqa wokuthembeka: isizathu sokuba imisebenzi eyomeleleyo yokuqonda ingavelisi umahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.