Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Umzekelo | Inani | Into eliyibonisayo |
|---|---|---|
| Inkqubo kaWoods yokusabela okulula | 20 yokuziqhelanisa, 120 yemijikelo yovavanyo | Enye indlela epapashiweyo, ayingomlinganiselo omncinane osebenza kuzo zonke iimeko |
| Ubalo olungumzekelo lwemijikelo ezimeleyo | 4 ngokuphindwe ngaphezulu kwemijikelo | Lunciphisa impazamo esemgangathweni ngesiqingatha ukuba ukuguquguquka kuhlala kungatshintshanga |
| Uphononongo lwembali lokuthembeka | 18 yemijikelo yokusabela okulula, 30 yemijikelo yokukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezimbini | Yanele phantsi kweemeko ezithile zolo phononongo |
La manani embali avela kuHamsher noBenton, kwaye isishwankathelo sabo sibeka ngokucacileyo ukuba isigqibo sisebenza kuphela kwiimeko zophononongo. Akufanele asetyenziswe njengomgaqo wokuqinisekisa umdlalo wale mihla osebenza kwisikhangeli. Ukuthembeka kubhekiselele ekuphindaphindekeni kwesiphumo esichazwe ngokucacileyo; amandla ovavanyo lwamanani-manani abhekiselele kwithuba lokufumanisa isiphumo esichazwe ngokucacileyo. Zizinto ezinxulumene kodwa ziyimibuzo eyahlukileyo. de S. Hamsher et al., 1977 Miller, 2023
Kutheni ukuphinda umsebenzi ofanayo kunceda
Ukuba imijikelo ibiziziphumo ezizimeleyo ezinokwahluka okungatshintshiyo, impazamo esemgangathweni yomndilili wayo ibiya kulingana nokutenxa okuqhelekileyo kwemijikelo okwahlulwe ngengcambu yenani lemijikelo. Umzekelo ophindaphindwe kane ulandela loo fomula. Imijikelo yokwenene isenokungayithobeli loo ngcinga kuba abantu bayafunda, bayadinwa okanye batshintshe indlela abasebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke, ubalo lwenani lemijikelo ngumzekelo osekelwe kwimodeli, aluqinisekisi ukuba amanqaku omntu aya kuhlala ezinzile. Miller, 2023
Uhlalutyo lwale mihla lwenani lemijikelo lukwabonisa ukuba iziphumo ngokwazo zinokutshintsha ngokuziqhelanisa. Imijikelo emininzi ayenzi nje iikopi ezongezelelekileyo zomjikelo wokuqala ongatshintshiyo. Uyilo lophando lumele lukhethe isiphumo esiza kulinganiswa luze luqwalasele indlela umsebenzi otshintsha ngayo ngexesha leseshoni. Miller, 2023
Ufuna uhlobo luni lokuthembeka?
Ukungaguquguquki ngaphakathi kovavanyo olunye kwahlukile ekungaguquguqukeni kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo okanye ekungaguquguqukeni kokubekwa kwabantu ngokwenqanaba. Uphando olubizwa ngokuba yindida yokuthembeka lubonisa ukuba imisebenzi inokuvelisa iziphumo ezicacileyo kumaqela ngoxa umahluko phakathi kwabantu ungathembekanga kangako. Isiphumo esikhulu somndilili kuvavanyo lwe-Stroop okanye kuvavanyo lokusabela asithethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba amanqaku amafutshane afanele ukusetyenziswa ekubekeni umntu kwipesenti yakhe phakathi kwabanye. Hedge et al., 2017
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Umndilili, umda ophakathi namanqaku asezantsi aphendula imibuzo eyahlukileyo
Eyona mpendulo ikhawulezayo ilinganisa inkalo yokusebenza eyahlukileyo kumndilili. Ichaphazeleka ngakumbi linani lamathuba ozinika wona. Iziphumo ezicothayo nezingaqhelekanga zinokuwunyusa umndilili, kanti ukuzisusa ngaphandle komgaqo obekwe kwangaphambili kunokuthambekisa iziphumo. Uphando ngeziphumo zexesha lokusabela eziphambukileyo lubonisa isizathu sokuba imigaqo yokubala amanqaku ibekwe ingatshintshi ngaphambi kokuthelekisa iiseshoni. Ratcliff, 1993
Uphando ngobuthongo lubonisa isizathu sokuba kubalulekile ukukhetha isiphumo: abaphandi bokuqaphela kwengqondo komsebenzi wokuhlala bephaphile bahlula iimpendulo ezicothayo nokusilela ekuphenduleni kwizishwankathelo zexesha lokusabela eliphakathi. Akufanele kucingelwe ukuba umdlalo omfutshane okhetha ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo kweziliqela ulinganisa ngendlela efanayo ukuba ukungalali kuyichaphazela njani ingqalelo eqhubekayo. Basner et al., 2011
Yintoni etshintsha inani lezilingo elibonakala lifuneka?
Ukungazinzi kwexesha lesixhobo kongeza ukuguquguquka, kanti ukulibaziseka okungaguqukiyo kwesixhobo kongeza ucalucalulo. Izilingo ezininzi zinokunceda kweyokuqala kodwa azikwazi ukulinganisa nokususa eyesibini. Uvavanyo lwexesha kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa izixhobo elebhu zixhasa ukwahlula le mithombo yeempazamo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020 Woods et al., 2015
Ukulandelela nje ngokungqongqo kangako, khetha inkqubo enokulawuleka, sebenzisa inani elifanayo lemizamo ngalo lonke ixesha, uze urekhode zonke iiseshoni ezigqityiweyo endaweni yokugcina ezona ziphumo zakho zibalaseleyo kuphela. Yiphathe le ndlela njengeyokuthelekisa, hayi njengomyalelo oqinisekisiweyo wokuba ubuncinane benziwe izilingo ezingaphi. Ukuba injongo kukufumana ipesenti yendawo kwiqela elimele abantu ngokubanzi, umsebenzi ufuna isampulu emele abantu ngokubanzi, umlinganiselo wokuthembeka, kunye nezilingo ezaneleyo. Hedge et al., 2017 Miller, 2023
Ubudala, ukuzilungiselela nobuthongo nazo zinokutshintsha indlela umntu asebenza ngayo ngexesha leseshoni okanye phakathi kweeseshoni. Ukugcina iimeko zisondele ekufaneni kwenza kube lula ukutolika uthelekiso, kodwa akukho mlinganiselo wokumisela iimeko owenza iziphumo zebrawuza zibe luvavanyo lwezonyango. Woods et al., 2015 Basner et al., 2011
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwexesha lokusabela
Zama uvavanyo lwexesha lokusabela usebenzisa imiyalelo nendlela yokufaka impendulo efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha. Isiphumo salo esifutshane siluncedo ekuhloleni lo msebenzi. Inkqubo yophando yezilingo eziyi-120 inika umxholo wendlela yokulinganisa; ayingomyalelo wokuphinda lo mdlalo de ufumane amanqaku athile.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba imizamo emihlanu yanele?
Inokubonisa indlela osebenza ngayo lo msebenzi, kodwa ukuthembeka kwayo xa kuthelekiswa iziphumo zomntu kufuneka kuvavanywe. Akukho mgaqo wezilingo ezintlanu osebenza kuzo zonke iimvavanyo zexesha lokusabela. Hedge et al., 2017
Ngaba ndimele ndisebenzise esona siphumo sikhawulezayo?
Kuphela xa eso sisiphumo ogqibe kwangaphambili ukusilandela. Ukwandisa inani lemizamo kwandisa amathuba okufumana impendulo ekhawuleze ngokungaqhelekanga. Ratcliff, 1993
Ngaba idatha eninzi isoloko ithetha uvavanyo olungcono?
Akunjalo ngokuzenzekelayo. Inani lezilingo, inani labathathi-nxaxheba, ukuziqhelanisa, indlela yokubala amanqaku nesiphumo esiphononongwayo zonke zibalulekile. Miller, 2023
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2015). Izinto ezichaphazela ixesha lokusabela okulula.
- Miller (2023). Bangaphi abathathi-nxaxheba? Zingaphi izilingo? Ukwandisa amandla ophando lwexesha lokusabela.
- de S. Hamsher et al. (1977). Ukuthembeka kwemilinganiselo yexesha lokusabela.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Isizathu sokuba imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekileyo ingavelisi iiyantlukwano ezithembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.
- Ratcliff (1993). Iindlela zokujongana neziphumo eziphambukileyo zexesha lokusabela.
- Basner et al. (2011). Ukwandisa uvakalelo loVavanyo lokuPhaphama kweNgqondo (PVT) ekusweleni ubuthongo.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukuchaneka nokungaguquguquki kwamaqonga ovavanyo lwe-intanethi, iibhrawuza zewebhu nezixhobo.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Uphononongo olukhulu lwexesha: ukuthelekisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeejenereyitha zovavanyo, ezilebhu nezikwi-intanethi.