Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Inqaku elingumzekelo | Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-100 | Ipesentayili ngokwemodeli eqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 0 | 50.00 |
| 115 | 1 | 84.13 |
| 130 | 2 | 97.72 |
| 145 | 3 | 99.87 |
Ubalo lusebenzisa u-z = (inqaku − 100) / 15 kunye nonikezelo oluqokelelweyo oluqhelekileyo, luze lujikeleziswe lube namasuntswana amabini edesimali. Umndilili oyi-100 nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo okuyi-15 ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokumisela isikali. Iincwadi zovavanyo ngokwazo zichaza imimiselo efanelekileyo, uluhlu lwamanqaku nendlela yokuwatolika; ijika eliqhelekileyo lezibalo alingqini ukuba uvavanyo olutsha lusemthethweni. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Ipesentayili ayithethi ipesenti yeempendulo ezichanekileyo
Ipesentayili ibonisa indawo yomntu xa kuthelekiswa neqela lereferensi. Ayithethi ukuba umntu uphendule loo pesenti yemibuzo ngokuchanekileyo okanye unaloo pesenti yobukrelekrele bonke. Izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kovavanyo zifuna iqela elifanelekileyo lokuthelekisa nobungqina obuxhasa indlela ekujongwe ukuba inqaku litolikwe ngayo. Xa ezo zinto zingekho, ipesentayili inokubonakala ichaneke ngakumbi kunokuba ubungqina bayo buvumela. International Test Commission, 2001
Yintoni etshintshayo ngokukhula kweminyaka?
I-IQ ilungelelaniswa ngokweminyaka: kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, umndilili weqela ngalinye leminyaka yi-100. Umntwana nomntu omdala banokufumana amanqaku afanayo alungelelaniswe nobudala nangona bephendule imibuzo eyahlukileyo okanye befumene amanqaku angalungiswanga ahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, izibalo zemodeli eqhelekileyo azichazi indlela yokusebenza ebingalungiselelwanga ubudala kubo bonke ubomi. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Imimiselo ixhomekeke nakuvavanyo, kuluntu nakwixesha. Uphononongo lukaRaven lubonisa ukuba imimiselo yovavanyo lweematriksi iyahluka ngokweendawo namaxesha. Amanqaku esixhobo esinye akufanele athathwe ngokungathi zonke iimvavanyo neetheyibhile zemimiselo yakudala zineempawu zokulinganisa ezifanayo. Raven, 2000
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Kutheni kufuneka kulumkelwe ngakumbi amanqaku asekupheleni kakhulu koluhlu?
Iisampulu ezincinane zemimiselo ziqulethe ulwazi oluthe ngqo oluncinane ngamanqaku anqabileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ipesentayili enomtsalane ekupheleni koluhlu inokuxhomekeka kwiingqikelelo zemodeli nakwiziphumo eziqwalaselweyo. Izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kovavanyo zifuna ubungqina obulungele isigqibo esenziwayo, yaye ukungaqiniseki okuchazwe kwingxelo yamanqaku kuluncedo ngakumbi kunokuthatha idijithi yokugqibela yedesimali njengechanileyo ngokupheleleyo. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Ngaba amanqaku ephazili yematriksi amisela i-IQ iyonke?
UCarpenter noogxa bakhe bahlalutya iinkqubo zokuqiqa ezisetyenziswa kwiimatriksi zikaRaven. Oko kunika ingcaciso yethiyori ngeqela elibalulekileyo lemisebenzi, kodwa akuvumeli ukuba amanqaku epazili eyenziwe ekhaya aguqulwe abe yi-IQ iyonke enemimiselo. Uphando ngobume bokusebenza kwengqondo lukwalumkisa ngokucinga ukuba wonke umsebenzi ulinganisa inkalo enye efanayo yesakhono. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012
Kuthekani ngokuphinda uvavanyo nangempazamo yokulinganisa?
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi lufumanisa ukuba amanqaku ovavanyo lobuchule bengqondo athanda ukunyuka ngokucwangcisiweyo xa luvavanywa kwakhona. Ngoko ke, iziphumo zovavanyo oluphindiweyo zinokubonisa ukuqhelana novavanyo kunye nezinye iiyantlukwano. Uphando ngokuthembeka kovavanyo longeza ngelithi, ngaphambi kokuba amanqaku nemiyantlukwano yemisebenzi zithathwe njengeempawu zomntu, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lwazo ngomlinganiselo. Akukho nanye kwezi ngxaki esonjululwa kukubonisa iidijithi ezininzi zeepesentayili. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017
Xa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olusekiweyo, jonga ingxelo yalo, imimiselo yobudala kunye nesithuba sokuzithemba. Xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokuhlola kwi-intanethi, zitolike iziphumo ngokwenqanaba elixhaswa bubungqina bokuqinisekiswa kwawo. Le mizekelo yezibalo ichaza isikali esiqhelekileyo; ayithetheleli ukuxelela umdlali ukuba ukrelekrele kunepesenti ethile yabantu. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Umahluko oluncedo kukwazi indlela ebalwa ngayo ipesentayili nokuba nobungqina bokuba inqaku elithile lifanele ukubekwa kweli jika. Zombini ziyafuneka ngaphambi kokuthelekisa umntu nabanye. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwe-IQ
Zama uvavanyo lwe-IQ ukuze uphonononge imisebenzi yalo. Zitolele uqikelelo lwalo lwe-intanethi ngokwemida echaziweyo. Itheyibhile yeepesentayili apha icacisa isikali esiqhelekileyo esifanelekileyo, ayimiseli imimiselo emele abantu be-Helibrain.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba u-130 uthetha ukuba iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ziyi-130%?
Hayi. Kweli nqanaba lichaziweyo, likukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo okubini ngaphezu komndilili; ubalo lwepesentayili lwenziwa ngokwahlukileyo. Neisser et al., 1996
Ngaba i-IQ eyi-100 ngumndilili kuyo yonke iminyaka?
Ewe, ngokwendlela yesikali esinemimiselo yobudala. Sekunjalo, ukusebenza komntu kwimisebenzi engalungiswanga kunokutshintsha ngokukhula. Pearson, 2020
Ndingayisebenzisa le theyibhile kulo naliphi na inqaku lovavanyo lwe-intanethi?
Hayi. Uvavanyo lufuna ukumiselwa kwemimiselo nokuqinisekiswa okufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba amanqaku alo atolikelwe ngokwale ndlela yonikezelo. International Test Commission, 2001
Imithombo
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubukrelekrele: Okwaziwayo nokungaziwayo..
- Pearson (2020). Ingxelo yokutolika ye-WISC-V: Malunga namanqaku.
- International Test Commission (2001). Izikhokelo zamazwe ngamazwe zokusetyenziswa kovavanyo.
- Raven (2000). Iimatriksi eziqhubekayo zikaRaven: Utshintsho nozinzo kwiinkcubeko namaxesha.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Lilinganisa ntoni uvavanyo olunye lobukrelekrele: Ingcaciso yethiyori ngokusebenza kuvavanyo lweematriksi eziqhubekayo zikaRaven..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Ukwahlula amacandelo obukrelekrele bomntu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Iziphumo zokuphinda uvavanyo kwiimvavanyo zobuchule bengqondo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ezinzileyo ingabonisi umahluko ozinzileyo phakathi kwabantu.