Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Imeko yokufunda | Isantya esisetyenzisiweyo | Ixesha elibalwe kumagama ayi-1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Umlinganiselo wophononongo wokufunda izicatshulwa ezingezizo iintsomi uthe cwaka | 238 WPM | 4 min 12 sec |
| Umlinganiselo wophononongo wokufunda iintsomi uthe cwaka | 260 WPM | 3 min 51 sec |
| Umlinganiselo wophononongo wokufunda ngokuvakalayo | 183 WPM | 5 min 28 sec |
| Isantya esicothayo esingumzekelo | 175 WPM | 5 min 43 sec |
| Isantya esikhawulezayo esingumzekelo | 300 WPM | 3 min 20 sec |
La maxesha abalwa ngezibalo aze ajikeleziswa kwisekondi ekufutshane: inani lamagama lahlulwa nge-WPM, lize liphindaphindwe ngo-60. Ayingomaxesha okubalwa ngokujongwa kokugqiba ukufunda inqaku elithile elinamagama ayi-1,000. Uphononongo lwemithombo ludibanise uphando lwesantya sokufunda kwiindidi ezininzi zezicatshulwa neendlela zokufunda; imilinganiselo yalo yesiNgesi ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokuqala yokucwangcisa. Brysbaert, 2019
Ukufunda inqaku kwahlukile ekulifundeni nzulu
Uqikelelo lophononongo lokufunda okuqhelekileyo akufanele lusetyenziswe njengexesha elimiselweyo lokufunda nzulu, lokuhlola ingxoxo okanye lokubhala amanqaku. Ezo zinto zifuna ukuqhubekeka ngakumbi noluphinda ufunde. Uphando lokuhamba kwamehlo luchaza ukubuyela emva kwitekisi nokuma kwamehlo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo njengezinto eziyinxalenye yokufunda okunentsingiselo, kungekhona njengokuchitha ixesha ekufuneka kusoloko kupheliswa. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Uvavanyo oluthintele ukuphinda kufundwe okuwuncedo lwafumanisa ukuba ukuqonda kwakuba buthathaka phantsi kwaloo meko. Oku kuxhasa ukwahlula ukuqhubela phambili kwitekisi nokuyiqonda, endaweni yokuchaza impumelelo ngokufika nje kwigama lokugqibela ngokukhawuleza. Schotter et al., 2014
Kuthekani xa isicatshulwa singaqhelekanga okanye sibhalwe ngolunye ulwimi?
Ukufunda ngolwimi lwesibini kuxhomekeke kubuchule nasekuqhelaneni nalo. Uphando lweempembelelo zokuphindaphindeka kwamagama lubonisa ukuba amava olwimi ayayitshintsha imfuno yokucubungula ulwazi. Ulwazi lwesigama nalo luchaphazela ukuba umfundi unokuqonda kangakanani kwisicatshulwa, ngoko inani elifanayo lamagama linokufuna umgudu owahluke kakhulu kubafundi abohlukeneyo. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ngaba ubudala nesini kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kunikwe ixesha elahlukileyo?
Uphononongo lubika izantya ezisezantsi kubantwana, kubantu abadala nasebafundini bolwimi lwesibini, kodwa umlinganiselo omnye wabantu abadala awungomlinganiselo wobuqu olungiselelwe ubudala. Izifundo ezininzi zibandakanya abantu abafunde kakhulu, ngokufuthi abafundi. Obu bungqina abuxhasi nani lemizuzwana elisebenza kuye wonke umntu ngokwesini elinokongezwa kwisicatshulwa esinamagama ayi-1,000. Brysbaert, 2019
Amagama awamele ulwazi olulinganayo kuzo zonke iilwimi. Umahluko kubude bamagama, kwindlela ezakhiwa ngayo nakwiinkqubo zokubhala nawo wenza kube nzima ukuthelekisa i-WPM kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Umfundi osebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi makathelekise imisebenzi efanayo ngolwimi olunye, kunokuba atolike i-WPM esezantsi njengobuchule obuphantsi ngokubanzi. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yintoni enokwenza uqikelelo lube luncedo ngakumbi?
Zibekele ixesha ufunda isicatshulwa ongasiqhelanga esinobunzima obufanayo, uze ujonge oko ukuqondileyo. Isantya sakho kumsebenzi ofanayo sisenokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekucwangciseni kunomlinganiselo wabantu abaninzi, nangona isampulu enye emfutshane ingachananga ncam. Yahlula ixesha lokufunda kuphela kwixesha lekhefu, lokubhala izimvo namanqaku. Olu lubalo lokucwangcisa, alulovavanyo lokuxilonga oluqinisekisiweyo. Brysbaert, 2019
Uphononongo lokufunda ngesantya esiphezulu lufumanisa ukuba ukunyusa isantya kakhulu kudla ngokunciphisa ukuqonda; ukukroba ngokukhawuleza kunokufezekisa injongo eyahlukileyo kodwa akufani nokuqonda ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba injongo kukufumana nje ulwazi oluthile, ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kunokufaneleka. Ukuba injongo kukufunda nokufumana ulwazi, ixesha elongezelelweyo lokuqinisekisa intsingiselo kufuneka libalwe. Rayner et al., 2016
Akukho sifundo sicatshuliweyo sibonisa ukuba umdlalo okanye isibali-xesha esithile senza abafundi bakrelekrele ngakumbi. Into enokulinganiswa kukusebenza kwisicatshulwa esichaziweyo, phantsi kwemiyalelo echaziweyo, kuqwalaselwe ukuqonda kunye nesantya. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda
Zama uvavanyo lwesantya sokufunda ngesicatshulwa ongasiqhelanga uze uphendule imibuzo yokuqonda. Sebenzisa iziphumo njengoqikelelo lomsebenzi othile xa ucwangcisa ukufunda okufanayo. Bala ixesha lamanqaku okanye lokufunda nzulu ngokwahlukeneyo; musa ukulindela ukuba yonke le misebenzi ingene kwixesha lokufunda kuphela.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ithini ifomula?
Imizuzu ilingana nenani lamagama lahlulwe ngamagama afundwayo ngomzuzu. Kwi-238 WPM, u-1,000 owahlulwe ngo-238 umalunga nemizuzu eyi-4.20, okanye imizuzu eyi-4 nemizuzwana eyi-12. Brysbaert, 2019
Ngaba uqikelelo lubandakanya ukubhala amanqaku?
Hayi. Olu balo lumalunga nexesha lokufunda ngesantya esikhethiweyo; ukufunda nzulu nokuvelisa amanqaku yimisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Brysbaert, 2019
Ndingalinciphisa ngesiqingatha ixesha ndingaphulukani nokuqonda?
Uphononongo lokufunda ngesantya esiphezulu aluyixhasi loo nto njengesithembiso esisebenza ngokubanzi. Ukunyusa isantya kakhulu kudla ngokunciphisa ukuqonda. Rayner et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaphi amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Uphononongo nohlalutyo oludibanisa iziphumo zophando ngesantya sokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuninzi kakhulu ekufundwayo, lincinci kakhulu ixesha.
- Rayner (1998). Ukuhamba kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: iminyaka eyi-20 yophando..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Ukuhamba kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: iminyaka eyi-40 yegalelo likaKeith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Amava olwimi lwesibini atshintsha iimpembelelo zokuphindaphindeka kwamagama kulwimi lokuqala nolwesibini: ubungqina obusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yokuhamba kwamehlo xa kufundwa iziqendu eziqhelekileyo.
- Nation (2006). Sifuna isigama esingakanani ukuze sifunde size siphulaphule?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musa ukukholelwa koko ukufundayo (kanye kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaphi amagama esiwaziyo? Uqikelelo olusebenzayo lobungakanani besigama luxhomekeke kwindlela igama elichazwa ngayo, kwinqanaba lokufumana ulwimi nakubudala bomthathi-nxaxheba.