Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Indlela yokunika amanqaku kolu phando | Umyinge wokulandelelana kwawo | Umyinge wokulandelelana okubuyela umva |
|---|---|---|
| Elona nani liphezulu ngokomgaqo wesiqhelo wokumisa uvavanyo | 6.35 amanani | 4.61 amanani |
| Elona nani liphezulu kuvavanyo olupheleleyo ngakumbi | 6.77 amanani | 5.19 amanani |
| Umlinganiselo ohlengahlengiswayo wobude benkumbulo | 6.52 amanani | 4.91 amanani |
Itheyibhile 6 kaWoods noogxa bakhe inika la manani. Amanani abethulwe ngelizwi kusetyenziswa inkqubo yekhompyutha. Umdlalo obonakalayo obonisa inani lonke usebenzisa iimeko ezahlukileyo zokubonisa nokukhumbula, ngoko ke la manani awangomlinganiselo wamanqaku kaHelibrain. Nakolu phando, ukutshintsha indlela yokubala amanqaku kuyayitshintsha indlela obonakala ngayo ubude benkumbulo. Woods nabanye, 2010
Yintoni eyongezelelwa kukubuyisela ulandelelwano umva?
Ukukhumbula ngokulandelelana kwawo kufuna ukugcina izinto engqondweni kunye nolandelelwano lwazo. Ukukhumbula ngokulandelelana okubuyela umva kutshintsha ulandelelwano olufunekayo lwempendulo, yaye kunokubandakanya ezinye iindlela zokusebenza ngolwazi okanye zokulubuyisa engqondweni. Iimodeli zenkumbulo yokusebenza ziyahlula phakathi kokugcina okwethutyana neenkqubo ezilawula okanye eziguqula oko kugciniweyo, kunokuba zithathe umsebenzi ngamnye njengokufunda ngokuthe ngqo okukwisitya esinye. Baddeley, 2012 Conway nabanye, 2005
Oku akuthethi ukuba umahluko phakathi kokukhumbula umva nokukhumbula phambili ulinganisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi wolawulo lwengqondo kuphela. Iphepha elithetha ngovavanyo lwamanani libonisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendlela yokunika amanqaku kuyawuchaphazela lo mahluko. Amaqhinga, iipateni zeempazamo nomgaqo wokumisa uvavanyo zonke zinegalelo kwinto emele lo mahluko. Woods nabanye, 2010
Kutheni isixhenxe singengomgaqo osebenza kuye wonke umntu
Ingxoxo yakudala kaMiller imalunga nolwazi nendlela yokuluhlela ngokutsha, ayiqinisekisi ukuba wonke umntu ukhumbula amanani asixhenxe kanye. Uphononongo lwamva lukaCowan lujonga inani elincinane lamaqela olwazi kwiimeko ezithintela ukuphindaphinda nokuhlanganisa. Ezi ngcaciso zisebenzisa imiqathango neeyunithi ezahlukileyo; akukho nanye kuzo enika isizathu sokususa inani elisisigxina kubude benkumbulo yangaphambili ukuze kuqikelelwe obasemva. Miller, 1956 Cowan, 2001
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ubudala, imfundo nendlela yokubonisa izinto zibalulekile
Uphononongo olujonga ubude benkumbulo yamanani ngokwemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo luhlolisise ubudala nemfundo, kodwa isampulu yabantu abadala ayingomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wobomi bonke kuzo zonke iilwimi neendlela zokubonisa izinto. Umahluko wobudala kuloo sampulu awuqinisekisi ukuba ipesenti ehlengahlengiswe ngokweminyaka kwisikhangeli ilungile. Amanani aviwa ngelizwi nawo aboniswa ngokulandelelana, nto leyo eyahlukileyo ekuboneni inani liphela ngaxeshanye. Woods nabanye, 2010
Ulwazi oluqokelelwe ixesha elide lunokutshintsha indlela uluhlu oluthile olugcinwa ngayo engqondweni. Uphando ngokuhlanganisa luchaza indlela ukwakheka kolwazi okwenza ngayo ukuba ulandelelwano lufinyezwe ngakumbi, yaye uphononongo oludumileyo lomntu oziqhelanise kakhulu lwabonisa ukwanda okukhulu kobude benkumbulo yamanani ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga okukhumbula awafundileyo. Ezo ziphumo azibonisi ukuba zonke iintlobo zenkumbulo zanda ngomlinganiselo ofanayo. Mathy nabanye, 2012 Ericsson nabanye, 1980
Kufanele itolikwe njani umahluko wobuqu?
Gcina iinkcazelo zemisebenzi yomibini nemithetho yokunika amanqaku. Isiphumo esisezantsi xa kukhunjulwa ngokulandelelana okubuyela umva, sisodwa, asibobungqina bengxaki yempilo; nomahluko omkhulu kunesiqhelo kumntu omnye awunakutolikwa ngokwezonyango ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo nemilinganiselo yesiqhelo efanelekileyo. Uphononongo lweendlela zokulinganisa ubude benkumbulo lugxininisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezichazwe kakuhle xa kufikelelwa kwizigqibo ngenkumbulo yokusebenza. Conway nabanye, 2005
Kananjalo akukhuselekanga ukuguqulela nokuba bubuphi ubude benkumbulo bube kwinqanaba elithile lovavanyo lwe-n-back. Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi lufumanisa ukuba imilinganiselo ye-n-back neyobude benkumbulo ayinakutshintshaniswa, nangona zombini zibizwa ngokuba zezenkumbulo yokusebenza. Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomsebenzi zokuchonga, ukuhlaziya nokukhumbula. Redick nabanye, 2013
Xa ulandelela iziphumo ngokungacwangciswanga, thelekisa ukukhumbula ngokulandelelana kwawo nokukhumbula ngokulandelelana kwawo; uze uthelekise ukukhumbula umva nokukhumbula umva, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokubonisa izinto. Ukuba utshintsha indlela yokuhlanganisa amanani, phawula olo tshintsho. Amanqaku angcono asenokubonisa indlela esebenza ngcono kule nkcazelo, kunokubonisa ukwanda ngokubanzi komthamo wenkumbulo. Woods nabanye, 2010 Mathy nabanye, 2012
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lwenkumbulo yamanani
Zama uvavanyo lwenkumbulo yamanani njengomsebenzi wokukhumbula izinto ozibonayo. Isiphumo salo sifanele sitolikwe ngokwemiyalelo yalo; asilulo uvavanyo lokuva amanani aze akhunjulwe ngokulandelelana kwawo nangokulandelelana okubuyela umva olukwitafile. Musa ukusebenzisa umahluko opapashiweyo njengomlinganiselo wokuxilonga.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba umahluko olindelekileyo ngamanani amabini kanye?
Hayi. Umahluko ophakathi ngokwendlela yesiqhelo yokunika amanqaku kolu phando wawuyi-1.74 yamanani, yaye ezinye iindlela zabalwa zavelisa umahluko owahlukileyo. Lo ayingomthetho osebenza kumntu ngamnye. Woods nabanye, 2010
Ngaba ubude benkumbulo xa kukhunjulwa umva bunokuba nde?
Iziphumo namaqhinga omntu ngamnye zinokwahluka. Imilinganiselo yeqela ayibonisi ukuba uvavanyo ngalunye kufuneka lube nolandelelwano olufanayo lweziphumo. Woods nabanye, 2010
Ndingabuguqulela ubude benkumbulo yamanani bube luvavanyo lwe-n-back?
Hayi. Le mithombo ayiniki ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuguqula isiphumo; le misebenzi ayilingani kwaye ayinakutshintshaniswa. Redick nabanye, 2013
Imithombo
- Woods nabanye (2010). Ukuphucula umlinganiselo wenkumbulo yamagama yexesha elifutshane kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwamanani.
- Cowan (2001). Inani lomlingo u-4 kwinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane: Ukuqwalasela kwakhona umthamo wokugcina engqondweni.
- Miller (1956). Inani lomlingo u-7, dibanisa okanye thabatha u-2: Imida ethile kumthamo wethu wokucubungula ulwazi..
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo yokusebenza: Iithiyori, iimodeli neempikiswano.
- Conway nabanye (2005). Imisebenzi yokulinganisa ubude benkumbulo yokusebenza: Uphononongo lweendlela nesikhokelo sabasebenzisi.
- Redick nabanye (2013). Imilinganiselo yobude benkumbulo entsonkothileyo neye-n-back: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi.
- Ericsson nabanye (1980). Ukufumana isakhono senkumbulo.
- Mathy nabanye (2012). Yintoni eyenza amanani omlingo abe ngawomlingo? Ukuhlanganisa nokufinyeza ulwazi kwinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane.