Ubungqina namanani abalulekileyo
| Isiphumo esifunyenwe kuhlalutyo lwezifundo zoqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Kuhlolwe izifundo eziyi-217 | Ingqokelela ebanzi yeendlela zoqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo |
| Uhlalutyo olushiyekileyo: izifundo eziyi-206, iziphumo eziyi-1,038 | Uhlalutyo olusisiseko soqikelelo olwenziwe emva kokungabandakanyi iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga |
| Umndilili g = 0.47 emva kokungabandakanyi iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga | Umphumo woqeqesho ophakathi olinganiswe ngendlela esemgangathweni |
| Ukudlulisela kwezinye iimvavanyo zezakhono zendawo | Kukho ukufana ngokubanzi okuthile ngaphakathi kwicandelo lezakhono zendawo |
| Imisebenzi neemeko zokulawula ezahlukeneyo | Akukho xesha loqeqesho okanye siphumo sinye esisebenza kuye wonke umntu |
Olu hlalutyo luphonononga ukuzinza kwempembelelo, izinto eziyimodareyitha nokudluliselwa. Lubanzi ngakumbi kunophononongo longenelelo olujolise ekujikeleziseni izinto engqondweni kuphela. Iziphumo zalo zibonisa ukuba izakhono zendawo zinokuphucuka, kodwa azibonisi ukuba wonke umdlalo omfutshane okwi-intanethi uvelisa umphumo ophakathi weendlela zongenelelo okanye uguqula ubukrelekrele ngokubanzi. Uttal et al., 2013
Yintoni kanye kanye enokuphucuka?
Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni lulinganisa ukukwazi ukufanisa izinto ezibekwe kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ezinye iimvavanyo zinezinto ezininzi, izinto eziphazamisayo ezahlukeneyo okanye imida yexesha engqongqo. Isiphumo sinokubonisa ukufunda imithetho namacebo omsebenzi, kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuwenza ngokufanelekileyo. Kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba kulinganiswa ukuchaneka, isantya neseti yezinto. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Uphando lweemvavanyo eziphindwayo lubonisa ukuba iziphumo ziyaphucuka xa iimvavanyo zokuqonda ziphindwa, ngoko ukuzama okwesibini kukodwa akulovavanyo olulawulwayo loqeqesho. Uvavanyo oluluncedo kufuneka lwahlule ukuqhelana okuqhelekileyo nomphumo owongezelelekileyo wongenelelo. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ngaba ukuziqhelanisa kunceda wonke umntu ngokulinganayo?
Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi alubonisi ukuba wonke umntu ufumana ukuphucuka okufanayo. Luphonononga umahluko phakathi kongenelelo nabathathi-nxaxheba, kuquka ubudala nesini, kodwa umphumo odityanisiweyo awunakuxela kwangaphambili ukuphucuka komntu omnye. Ngokufanayo, uphononongo lwembali ngomahluko ngokwesini luchaza imiyinge exhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi, hayi imida emiselweyo yomntu ngamnye. Uttal et al., 2013 Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Yintoni eyichaphazelayo?
Ngaba ukuziqhelanisa kudlulela ngaphaya komdlalo?
Ukudluliselwa kwimisebenzi yezakhono zendawo ongazange uziqhelanise nayo sisiphumo esibaluleke ngakumbi kunokuphucuka kwizinto eziphindwayo kuphela, kwaye olu hlalutyo lubika olo hlobo lokudluliselwa. Oko kusengumda omncinane kunokuphucuka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezakhono zendawo yobomi bemihla ngemihla okanye ukwanda kobukrelekrele ngokubanzi. Ukufana phakathi koqeqesho novavanyo kuchaphazela oko kunokuthethwa. Uttal et al., 2013
Ungakuphepha njani ukucinga ukuba ukutshintsha icebo kuthetha ukuba kukho isakhono esitsha?
Bhala phantsi uhlobo lomsebenzi, ixesha nokuvezwa kwangaphambili. Ukuba uqala ukusebenzisa icebo elitsha lokuthelekisa, oko kunokuba kukufunda okuluncedo, kodwa kuchaze njengenxalenye yotshintsho. Isiphumo seseti enye yeemilo asiqinisekisi ngokwaso umlinganiselo wezakhono zendawo ngokubanzi. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Ingxolo yomlinganiselo nayo ibalulekile. Uphononongo olubizwa ngokuba yindida yokuthembeka lubonisa ukuba iziphumo zemisebenzi yakudala zinokuzinza kwinqanaba lamaqela kodwa zingazinzi xa kusahlulwa umahluko phakathi kwabantu. Utshintsho oluncinane phakathi kweeseshoni ezimfutshane akufuneki lutolikwe njengotshintsho olusisigxina. Hedge et al., 2017
Yintoni injongo yokuzilolonga enokufikelelwa?
Zama ukusombulula ngokuchaneka nangempumelelo ngakumbi izinto ezintsha ezifanayo, uze urekhode zombini ezi ziphumo. Olu hlalutyo lukhankanyiweyo alumiseli ubude bexesha lemihla ngemihla, inani leeseshoni okanye amanqaku ekujoliswe kuwo asebenza kuye wonke umntu kulo msebenzi webrawuza. Luxhasa ukuba ukufunda kunokwenzeka, aluqikeleli ngesiphumo somntu othile. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Kuphephe ukutolika ubunzima bokuqala ngokusekelwe kwingcinga eqhelekileyo ngesini. Uphando lwamaqela kunye nophononongo olubanzi lokufana alunakuqinisekisa amandla omntu omnye. Indlela oqhuba ngayo ngoku kunye nokukwazi ukufunda yimibuzo eyahlukileyo. Voyer et al., 1995 Hyde, 2005
Ngoko ibango lenzuzo elithembekileyo licacile: kukho ubungqina bokuba uqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo luphucula iziphumo ngokomndilili, kuquka ukudluliselwa okuthile ngaphakathi kwecandelo lezakhono zendawo, phantsi kweemeko ezaphononongwayo. Ukuze kwaziwe ukuba ukuziqhelanisa nomdlalo othile kudlulisela isakhono ngendlela ethile, kufuneka kuvavanywe ngokuthe ngqo. Uttal et al., 2013
Zama uvavanyo lwasimahla olunxulumene noku
Uvavanyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni
Zama uvavanyo lokujikelezisa izinto engqondweni ukuze ubone ukuba lunjani. Ukuba uyaziqhelanisa, bhala phantsi amalinge angaphambili uze usebenzise izinto ezintsha ezifanayo xa uvavanya utshintsho. Umdlalo awuthembisi ukwanda kwe-IQ okanye umphumo ophakathi obikwe kuqeqesho olwahlukeneyo lwezakhono zendawo.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Ngaba u-g = 0.47 uthetha ukuba umntu ungcono nge-47%?
Hayi. Ngumahluko wemiyinge olinganiswe ngendlela esemgangathweni, yaye iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga azifakwanga kwisishwankathelo esicatshulweyo. Uttal et al., 2013
Ngaba ukuziqhelanisa kuya kwandisa i-IQ yam?
Isiphumo soqeqesho lwezakhono zendawo asibonisi ukuba loo nto iya kwenzeka ngalo mdlalo. Ukuphucuka nokudluliselwa kwezakhono kufuneka kuchazwe ngokwezinto ezilinganiswe ngokwenene. Uttal et al., 2013
Ndifanele ndiziqhelanise imizuzu emingaphi?
Le mithombo ayimiseli ixesha elifanelekileyo nelisebenza kuye wonke umntu kulo msebenzi webrawuza. Ukumisela ishedyuli emiselweyo kungongeza iinkcukacha ezingaxhaswanga bubungqina. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Imithombo
- Voyer et al. (1995). Ubungakanani bomahluko ngokwesini kwizakhono zendawo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi kunye nokuphononongwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo..
- Linn et al. (1985). Ukuvela nokuchazwa komahluko ngokwesini kubuchule bendawo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Ukujikelezisa izinto ezineemilinganiselo ezintathu engqondweni.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Ukujikelezisa izinto engqondweni, uvavanyo lweqela lokubona indawo eneemilinganiselo ezintathu.
- Uttal et al. (2013). Ukuguquguquka kwezakhono zendawo: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi zoqeqesho..
- Hyde (2005). Ingcamango yokufana ngokwesini..
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Iziphumo zokuphinda uvavanyo kwiimvavanyo zobuchule bokuqonda: Uhlalutyo lwezifundo ezininzi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kutheni imisebenzi yokuqonda ezinzileyo ingabonisi umahluko othembekileyo phakathi kwabantu.