Muedzo weN-back: maitirwo
N-back inochinjika (chikamu chimwe, zviviri, zvitatu kana zvina), zvichitevera nzira yekudzidzisa dual n-back yaJaeggi et al. (2008)
Shanduro yemashandisirwo ekuverenga zvibodzwa: nback-training-1 (shanduro yechibvumirano 1, shanduro yemafomati echikamu 2)
← Dzokera kumuedzoZvinoyerwa
Maitiro pakuita muedzo weN-back pachawo: kuramba uchivandudza uye kuenzanisa zvinhu zvichangobva kuonekwa mundangariro inoshandiswa panguva iyoyo. Ichi chishandiso chekudzidzira chine magirafu ekufambira mberi kwacho; hachisi chiyero chendangariro chinoshandiswa panguva iyoyo chine zviyero zvinowanzowanikwa muvanhu.
Maitirwo
Zvikamu zvinoteverwa: nzvimbo (imwe yemasero 8 ekunze egiridhi re3 x 3; repakati harishandiswi), manzwi (mavara 8 anotaurwa, kana manzwi 8 anonzi Manotsi), ruvara nechimiro (zvakasiyana 8 chimwe nechimwe). Mamiriro: chimwe (nzvimbo), zviviri (nzvimbo + manzwi; ndiwo anongotanga), zvitatu (+ ruvara) nezvina (+ chimiro). Chiratidzo chimwe nechimwe chinoratidzwa kwe500 ms; chinotevera chinouya mushure menguva yakasarudzwa (yakajairika 3,000 ms). Mhinduro yechikamu inoverengwa pachiratidzo chiripo kusvikira chinotevera chauya. Makiyi: A (nzvimbo), L (manzwi), S (ruvara), K (chimiro), Space inomisa kwechinguva; pamafoni pane mabhatani pasi pegiridhi. Chikamu chine zviratidzo N zvekudziya (hapana mhinduro) pamwe chete nezvinoratidzwa zvinoverengwa (zvakajairika 20). Mitevedzano inogadzirwa nepurogiramu inoshandisa seed, iyo sevha inodzokorora: pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, chaizvo 30% yezviratidzo zvinoverengwa zvinoenderana nezvakapfuura (6 pa20), uye peya imwe neimwe yezvikamu inoenderana pamwe chete pazviratidzo 10% (2 pa20); mumamiriro ezvikamu zvitatu nezvina mune zviratidzo zvinoenderana muzvikamu zvose kana zvitatu, uye zvisingaenderani hazvimbodzokorori netsaona chinhu cheN-back. Chidzidzo che1-back chokusarudza chinoratidza mhinduro. Sarudzo inongotanga nayo inochinjika (nguva nehuwandu hwakajairika); sarudzo yemanyorerwo inoita kuti mutambi asarudze N, nguva iri pakati, urefu nemhinduro dzinoratidzwa. Seti yezuva nezuva yokusarudza ine zvikamu 20 uye nguva dzokuzorora. Zvikamu zvisina kupedzwa zvinomira peji parinosiiwa uye zvinogona kutangwazve.
Zvinhu zvinotariswa
| Chinhu chinotariswa | Huwandu |
|---|---|
| Mamiriro anotanga nawo | zviviri (nzvimbo + manzwi), N = 2, inochinjika |
| Huwandu hwaN | 1 kusvika 9 |
| Nguva yokuratidza chiratidzo | 500 ms |
| Nguva iri pakati pezviratidzo | 3,000 ms ndiyo yakajairika; 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 4,000 kana 5,000 ms mumamiriro emanyorerwo |
| Zviratidzo zvinoverengwa pachikamu | 20 ndiyo yakajairika; 40, 60 kana 100 mumamiriro emanyorerwo |
| Zviratidzo zvekudziya | N pachikamu, hazviverengwi |
| Zvinoenderana | 30% pachikamu chimwe nechimwe; 10% papeya yezvikamu |
| Mutemo wokuchinja mwero | wedzera 1 kana chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zvikanganiso zvisingapfuuri 2; deredza 1 kana chimwe chikamu chine 6 kana kupfuura; zvikasadaro ramba wakadaro |
| Seti yezuva nezuva (yokusarudza) | Zvikamu 20 |
| Nzira dzokupindura | mabhatani okubata, mbeva, makiyi A / L / S / K, Space kuti umbomira |
Maverengero ezvibodzwa
Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, pazviratidzo zvinoverengwa: zvakawanikwa, zvakapotswa, mhinduro dzenhema uye kuramba kwakarurama; kururama kwakadzikama = 50 x (chikamu chezvakawanikwa + chikamu chokuramba kwakarurama), muzana, saka kusapindura (kana kupindura zvose) kunopa 50%. Chibodzwa chechikamu ndiyo avhareji yekururama kwakadzikama yezvikamu zvakasarudzwa; chepamusoro chiri nani. Zvikanganiso pachikamu = zvakapotswa + mhinduro dzenhema, uye izvi ndizvo zvinoshandura mwero wechikamu chinotevera. Nguva dzekupindura pachikamu dzinopfupikiswa (yepakati, avhareji, shoma, huru) asi hadzipindi muchibodzwa. Hapana kuenzanisa nevamwe vatambi; magirafu anoenzanisa zvikamu zvemutambi pachake zvakaitwa nemasetingi akafanana.
Mitemo yemuedzo unogamuchirwa
Zvikamu zvakapedzwa chete ndizvo zvinonyorwa (N pamwe nezviratidzo zvinoverengwa, chiratidzo chimwe chemhinduro pachikamu chimwe nechimwe pachiratidzo chimwe nechimwe, hapana mhinduro panguva yekudziya). Sevha inogadzirazve mitevedzano ichishandisa seed uye inoramba chikamu chine zviratidzo zvakanyorwa zvakasiyana nezvayakagadzira, mhinduro dzakagamuchirwa dzisipo, kana nguva yokupedza iri munguva yemberi. Kumira kwechinguvana kunobvumirwa uye kunonyorwa. Zviratidzo zvemabhoti zvinochengetwa asi hazvimboshanduri zvibodzwa kana magirafu. Zvikamu izvi zvekudzidzira zvinochengetwa zvakasiyana nemuedzo weN-back une zvibodzwa, uye hazvimboshandiswi pakuenzanisa kana zvibodzwa zvepurogiramu.
Misiyano nemuedzo wekare
Chikamu chakajairika chinotevera nguva nemutemo wokuchinja mwero waJaeggi et al. (2008): zviratidzo 20 + N, kuratidza kwe500 ms, masekonzi 3 pachiratidzo, wedzera kana chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zvikanganiso zviri pasi pe3, deredza kana chimwe chine zvinopfuura 5. Misiyano: mavara anotaurwa achishandisa inzwi rinogadzirwa nekombiyuta (kana manzwi), zvikamu zveruvara nechimiro zvokusarudza, chidzidzo chipfupi, zvinodzora zvefoni, masetingi emanyorerwo uye zvikamu zvezuva nezuva zvinoitwa nemutambi nenguva yake. Iyi haisi kudzokorora kupindira kwekudzidzisa kwetsvakurudzo, uye haisi muedzo wepakutanga waKirchner une chikamu chimwe chete.
Zvisingakwanisi kuyerwa
Kuvandudzika pabasa rakadzidziswa kwakanyorwa zvakanaka; kana kuchienda kune mamwe magonero, kusanganisira ungwaru, hazvina kubvumiranwa uye zvichiri kukurukurwa. Hapana chinotaurwa papeji chinovimbisa kuti kuvandudzika ikoko kuchaitika. Nguva yemanzwi nekuratidza inotsamira pamudziyo nebhurawuza; zvinyorwa zvinoratidza nguva yakatumirwa chiratidzo nepeji, kwete nguva yakachibudisa nesikirini kana negudzanzwi. Hapana zviyero zvinowanzowanikwa muvanhu, uye muedzo unoitwa pasina anotarisira. Hausi wokurapa kana kuongorora chirwere.
Mitauro nemamiriro ekuongororwa
Mirayiridzo iri mumitauro yose yepaiti. Chikamu chemanzwi chinoshandisa seti dzemavara kana mabhii emutauro wacho mumitauro 28 (Bengali, Bulgarian, Chinese Simplified and Traditional, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Marathi, Nepali, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Telugu, Ukrainian, Urdu, Albanian, Armenian), akarekodhwa nematauriro anogadzirwa nekombiyuta; mimwe mitauro inoshandisa manzwi. Zvikamu zvenzvimbo, ruvara nechimiro hazvitsamiri pamutauro.
Mamiriro ekuongororwa maererano nemutauro wemirayiridzo
Mitauro yemirayiridzo yakabudiswa yakanyorwa pazasi. Maitiro eshanduro: shanduro inobatsirwa nemuchina, pamwe nekuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo. Mashoko akagadzirirwa mutauro mumwe nomumwe anotsanangurwa pamusoro; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa pano rwekuti akaongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki.
| Mutauro wemirayiridzo | Mamiriro ekuongororwa akanyorwa |
|---|---|
| English | Mashoko ekutanga echiRungu. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Čeština | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Deutsch | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Español | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Filipino | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Français | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Hausa | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Igbo | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Italiano | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Kiswahili | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Magyar | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Nederlands | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Polski | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Português | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Shqip | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Soomaali | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Srpski | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Tiếng Việt | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Türkçe | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Türkmençe | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Yorùbá | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Ελληνικά | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Български | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Кыргызча | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Қазақ тілі | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Македонски | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Монгол | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Русский | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Українська | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ქართული | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| Հայերեն | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| עברית | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| اردو | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| العربية | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| پښتو | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| سنڌي | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| فارسی | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| አማርኛ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| नेपाली | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| मराठी | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| हिन्दी | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| অসমীয়া | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| বাংলা | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ગુજરાતી | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| தமிழ் | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| తెలుగు | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| മലയാളം | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| සිංහල | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ไทย | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ລາວ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| မြန်မာ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| ខ្មែរ | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| 한국어 | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| 日本語 | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| 简体中文 | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
| 繁體中文 | Kuongorora otomatiki manyorerwo nemaperengo; hapana ruzivo rwakanyorwa rwekuongororwa nemunhu anotaura mutauro uyu kubva paudiki. |
Matauriro ekutaura nezvemuedzo
Helibrain (2026). N-back test, vnback-training-1. https://helibrain.com/n-back-test/methods
Zvakachinjwa
· Shanduro nback-training-1 · Kutanga kubudiswa kwemaitirwo ebasa riripo iye zvino.
Zvinyorwa zvinorehwa
Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043688original n-back paradigm
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829-6833.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105dual n-back training protocol (timing, block structure, adaptation rule)
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131review of the n-back paradigm
Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., & Laine, M. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1077-1096.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1217-0meta-analysis: training effects are mostly task-specific
Melby-Lervåg, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512-534.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612meta-analysis: no reliable far transfer
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