Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Muenzaniso wekururama kwemashoko ekupedzisira | Mavara asiri iwo pa1,000 | Zvazvinoreva |
|---|---|---|
| 99% | 10 | Muenzaniso wemasvomhu, hausi chinangwa chinokurudzirwa |
| 98% | 20 | Zvikanganiso zvasara zvakapetwa kaviri pane zve99% |
| 95% | 50 | Zvikanganiso zvasara zvakapetwa kashanu pane zve99% |
Mienzaniso iyi inoshandisa tsananguro iri nyore yekururama kwemavara ekupedzisira. Ongororo chaidzo dzingashandisa chiyero chedaro diki pakati pemitsara kuti dziverenge mavara akawedzerwa, akasiiwa kana kutsiviwa; saka mienzaniso iyi haifaniri kunzi inomiririra nzira dzose dzinoshandiswa nemamwe masaiti pakuverenga kururama. Zvinyorwa zvesainzi pamusoro pekuyera zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei zvichifanira kutaurwa kuti ndeipi mitsetse yaifanira kunyorwa uye kuti ndeipi yakanyorwa. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Soukoreff et al., 2001
Zvikanganiso zvakasara nezvakagadziriswa zvakasiyana
Munhu anoita zvikanganiso zvakawanda obva azvigadzirisa zvose anogona kupedza aine mashoko akarurama, asi otora nguva yakawanda achigadzirisa. Mumwe anosiya zvikanganiso angaratidzika seanokurumidza asi oburitsa mashoko asinganyanyi kushandisika. Naizvozvo, mwero wezvikanganiso zvemashoko ekupedzisira, simba rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa uye mwero wekutaipa zvinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Ruzivo rwepakombiyuta runoratidza zvose zvikanganiso zvisina kugadziriswa nezvimwe zviyero zvine chokuita nekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, vanhu vainyora nokukurumidza vaiva nezvikanganiso zvishoma, asi ongororo yacho yaingocherechedza zvaiitika. Hairatidzi kuti kumanikidza munhu wose kuti anyore nokukurumidza kuchamuita kuti anyore zvakarurama, kana kuti kuderedza kumhanya nechiyero chakatarwa kunokonzera kuvandudzika kwakati. Dhakal et al., 2018
Nei pasina chikamu chimwe chete chakanakisisa kumunhu wose
Kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nechikanganiso kunotsamira pabasa racho uye zvinozoitika pashure. Muyedzo wekukopa mashoko unoyera kunyorwa kwemashoko anenge apihwa; kunyora kana kugadzirisa mashoko kunosanganisira dzimwe sarudzo. Ongororo dzakakosha dzekutaipa nekunyora mashoko dzinopatsanura zvikamu izvi zvemabasa uye dzinotsanangura kuti nei kumhanya kunoyerwa mune imwe mamiriro kusingashanduriki zvakananga kumabasa ose. Salthouse, 1986 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Ongororo yakaitwa murabhoritari yakawanawo misiyano mikuru pakati pekutaipa mashoko akajairika nekutaipa mutsara wemavara wakasarudzwa zvisina kurongeka, kunyange pakati pevanhu vaiva neruzivo rwakawanda. Kuziva ndima yacho kunokanganisawo zvinoyerwa nechibodzwa. Chibodzwa chako chepamusoro parondedzero yemashoko ari nyore hachirevi hazvo kuti uchaita zvakaenzana parugwaro rune zviratidzo zvakawanda. Feit et al., 2016
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Rubatsiro rwechishandiso runochinja dudziro yezvabuda
Kugadzirisa otomatiki kungatsiva mashoko pasina kutevedzana kwemavara akataipwa rimwe nerimwe; kufanotaura mashoko kungaisa shoko rose. Ongororo yemafoni inotaura zvakananga nezvemiganhu inokonzerwa neizvi pazviyero zvezvikanganiso zvinoverenga kudzvanywa kwekiyi imwe neimwe. Kuenzanisa kunyora pafoni uchibatsirwa nechishandiso nekunyora pakombiyuta pasina rubatsiro sokunge zvikamu zvazvo zvekururama zvakafanana kunogona kuviga misiyano inokosha. Palin et al., 2019
Ndeipi nzira ine musoro yekudzidzira?
Shandisa basa rimwe chete wonyora kumhanya pamwe nechiyero chakakodzera chezvikanganiso. Enzanisa zvikamu zvemiedzo yendima dzisina kujairika dzakafanana, pane kusarudza kuedza kumwe chete. Iri izano rekuyera, harisi chirevo chekuti pane nguva yakakwana yekudzidzira yakatarwa. Humbowo pamusoro penzira yakadzidzira nadzo vanhu vanotaipa muupenyu hwemazuva ose hunotsigira unyanzvi hunoenderana nebasa racho, asi hahuratidzi kuti pane reshiyo imwe chete yekudzidzira kumhanya nekururama inokodzera vose. Keith et al., 2007 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Kana kuedza kwokukurumidza kukasiya zvikanganiso zvakawanda, tsanangura izvozvo sekutengeserana kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa pane kuti kungoti kuvandudzika. Kana kururama kwemashoko ekupedzisira kukaramba kwakafanana asi simba rinodiwa kugadzirisa rikaderera, izvozvowo mashoko anobatsira. Chinangwa chekushandisa zviyero zvakawanda ndechekuti shanduko ionekwe, pane kupfupisa zvose kuita nhamba imwe chete inoita kuti zvinhu zviratidzike zviri nani. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Soukoreff et al., 2001
Kuvandudzika kunofanira kutsanangurwa maererano nezvakaedzwa. Kutaipa zviri nani unyanzvi hunobatsira; ongororo dzakataurwa dzekutaipa pakhibhodi hadzishanduri WPM kana kururama kuva zviyero zvehungwaru, kusagadzikana kwekuteerera kana kuvandudzika kwekugona kwepfungwa kwose. Mhedziso dzadzo dzine chokuita nekuisa mashoko mumamiriro akatsanangurwa. Dhakal et al., 2018 Feit et al., 2016
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wekumhanya kutaipa
Edza muedzo wekumhanya kutaipa uye verenga kumhanya, kururama uye nzira yawakashandisa kuisa mashoko pamwe chete. Pakutevera mafambiro ako, chengeta marongero erubatsiro nerudzi rwendima zvakafanana. Mhedzisiro inobatsira ndeiya yaunogona kunzwisisa, kusanganisira zvikanganiso zvayo.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Kururama kwe100% ndiko kunogara kuri kwakanakisisa here?
Zvakanaka kuti mashoko ekupedzisira ave akarurama, asi ongororo idzi hadzina kuratidza chinangwa chimwe chete chakanakisisa chekudzidzira chisingafungi nezvekumhanya, simba rekugadzirisa uye zvinodiwa nebasa racho. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Kugadzirisa chikanganiso chokutaipa kunobvisa mutengo wacho here?
Kunogona kubvisa chikanganiso chinopedzisira chaonekwa mumashoko, asi kuchiri kutora nguva nekudzvanywa kwemakiyi. Ndokusaka simba rekugadzirisa richiyerwa roga. Soukoreff et al., 2001
Ndingafananidza kururama pakati pemasaiti here?
Chete kana watanga watarisa kuti saiti imwe neimwe inotsanangura sei zvikanganiso, inoverenga sei mashoko uye inobata sei kugadzirisa. Zvikamu zvakafanana zvinogona kubva munzira dzakasiyana dzekuyera. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Manyuko
- Dhakal et al. (2018). Zvakaonekwa pakutaipa kubva pakudzvanywa kwemakiyi 136 miriyoni.
- Palin et al. (2019). Vanhu vanotaipa sei pamafoni?.
- Feit et al. (2016). Mataipa atinoita.
- Soukoreff et al. (2003). Zviyero zvekutsvakurudza kunyora mashoko.
- Soukoreff et al. (2001). Kuyera zvikanganiso mumabasa ekunyora mashoko.
- MacKenzie and Soukoreff (2002). Kunyora mashoko pakombiyuta diki: mhando nenzira, dzidziso nemashandisirwo.
- Salthouse (1986). Zvinhu zvine chokuita nekuona, kufunga uye kufamba pakukopa mashoko uchitaipa..
- Keith et al. (2007). Tsananguro yekudzidzira nemaune pakukwanisa kutaipa kwevanhu vanogara vachitaipa..