Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Rudzi rwebasa | Zvarinobvunza | Zvinoratidzwa nemhinduro yakarurama |
|---|---|---|
| Kuziva | Kuziva kana kusiyanisa shoko kana zvarinoreva | Ruzivo rwemashoko rwunodiwa nemubvunzo iwoyo |
| Kuyeuka uchibatsirwa kana kuburitsa | Kuburitsa chimiro kana zvinoreva shoko uchibatsirwa nechiratidzo | Kugona kuri nani kurangarira mubasa iroro |
| Kutaura usingafungi zvawakagadzirira | Kusarudza nokutaura mashoko mumamiriro ezvinhu | Kugona kushandisa mashoko pamwe chete nedzimwe hunyanzvi |
Muongororo yaWebb yakashandisa nzira dzakafanana dzokuedza kuziva nokushandisa mashoko pakuturikira, uye mhinduro dzakayerwa zvichienderana nematanho akasiyana eruzivo. Zvayakawana hazvirevi kuti pane chiyero chakatsiga chemashoko anoshandiswa kana asingashandiswi. Kunyanya, kusiyana kwekuverenga ruzivo rusina kukwana nerwakazara kunoratidza kuti zvinonzi kuziva shoko zvinokanganisa kuonekwa kwakaita musiyano wacho. Webb, 2008
Nei kuziva shoko kuchiita nyore
Mubvunzo kana chiratidzo chinogona kupa mashoko anobatsira ayo basa rokungorangarira roga risingapi. Laufer naGoldstein vanosiyanisa ruzivo rwemashoko maererano nekusimba kwarwo uye nemhando yemuedzo, kusanganisira kuziva uye kuyeuka. Izvi zvinobatsira kutsanangura kuti kusarudza zvinoreva shoko raunoziva hakuna kufanana nokukurumidza kuritaura pakukurukurirana. Laufer et al., 2004
Ukuru hwemashoko aunoziva hunoenderanawo nechikamu chinoshandiswa pakuaverenga. Chinyorwa chikuru pamusoro pemashoko echiRungu chinosiyanisa mashoko akasiyana anonyorwa, misoro yemashoko, nemapoka emashoko anobva pashoko rimwe chete. Kuziva zvimiro zvakati kuti zveshoko rinochinja hakurevi kuti unoziva nhamba yakafanana yezvikamu zvemashoko zvakazvimirira. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Kuziva mashoko akawanda kunobatsira kuverenga here?
Kunogona kuita kuti zvikamu zvakawanda zvechinyorwa zvinzwisisike, asi kuvharwa kwemashoko hakusi chiyero chakakwana chokunzwisisa. Nation anoongorora kuti mhuri dzemashoko dzinofanira kuva ngani kuti dzifukidze zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nezvinotaurwa, uye Schmitt nevamwe vanowana hukama hunopfuurira pakati pehuwandu hwemashoko anozivikanwa nechokunzwisisa. Huwandu hwemashoko aunoziva hahungoshanduki pachahwo kuva kunzwisisa kwakakwana. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Nei tichifanira kutaura zvine mwero nezvekusangana nemashoko nekudzidzira
Muongororo yaWebb yokudzokorora inoongorora kuti kusangana neshoko kakawanda kunokanganisa sei mativi akasiyana eruzivo rweshoko. Inotsigira kusiyanisa kudzidza kusina kukwana nekugona kwakazara; hairatidzi kuti pane nhamba imwe chete yokudzokorora inoita kuti shoko rimwe nerimwe rigone kutaurwa pakutaura kwemazuva ose. Kuoma kweshoko, mamiriro arinoshandiswa uye basa rokudzidza zvichiri kukosha. Webb, 2007
Ongororo youkuru hwemashoko inoshuma hukama nezera nedzidzo, uye inotaura kuti kusangana nemashoko kunowedzera nokufamba kwenguva kungava tsananguro. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinobva pakuona hukama chete; hazvifaniri kutsanangurwa sechiyero chekumhanya kunodzidza munhu pazuva kana vimbiso yokuti kuverenga kwehumwe uwandu kunowedzera mashoko aanogona kutaura neuwandu hwakatarwa. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Zvakadini nezvezera, bonde uye mutauro?
Musiyano uri pakati pokuziva shoko nokuriburitsa unoshanda pakugadzira mabasa ekuedza, asi ongororo dzevadzidzi dzataurwa hadzipi chiyero chimwe chete chinoenderana nezera kana bonde. Kana uri mutauro wokutanga, kugona mutauro uye mashoko chaiwo akasarudzwa zvinokanganisa kududzirwa kwemigumisiro. Kufungidzira kwakaitwa muchiRungu hakufaniri kutamisirwa kune mimwe mitauro pasina kuchinja, nokuti ine maumbirwo nemitemo yokuverenga zvakasiyana. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kumhanya pakuverenga kunosiyanawo zvichienderana neruzivo rwemutauro uye chinangwa. Mhinduro yokuti munhu anononoka kuverenga kana kuzeza pakutaura haigoni kutsanangurwa zvizere nechiyero chimwe chete cheukuru hwemashoko. Kunzwisisa nokuburitsa mashoko zvinosanganisira mamwe mabasa epfungwa. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Chii chaungayera nenzira ine musoro?
Shandisa basa rinoenderana nemubvunzo. Muedzo wokuziva mashoko unogona kuyera kuziva mashoko uchibatsirwa nemibvunzo yawo; kuti uongorore kuyeuka nokuburitsa mashoko, panodiwa basa rokutaura kana kunyora mumamiriro ezvinhu ari kuedzwa. Kuti uenzanise zviviri izvi, zvinofanira kushandisa mashoko akaenzana uye mitemo yakajeka yokupa zvibodzwa. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Kudzidzira kurangarira nokuburitsa mashoko kungabatsira kana chinangwa chiri chokukwanisa kuarangarira, asi ongororo idzi hadzipi chirongwa chinovimbisa kuti munhu achataura zvakanaka nokutsetsenura. Mhedziso yakatendeseka ndeyokuti munhu avandudza chimwe chikamu chakatarwa cheruzivo rwemashoko; kwete kutaura kuti zvibodzwa zvomuedzo wokuziva mashoko zvinomiririra zvose zvaunogona kutaura, kunzwisisa kana kuyeuka. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wemashoko
Edza muedzo wemashoko sebasa rokuziva mashoko, uye verenga tsananguro yemaverengerwo nezvibodzwa. Hauna kuyera mashoko ose aunogona kushandisa pakutaura, uye haupi chiyero chakatsiga pakati pokuziva mashoko nokukwanisa kuaburitsa.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Mashoko andisingawanzoshandisi anogara ari akapetwa kaviri pane andinoshandisa here?
Hapana chiyero chimwe chete chakasimbiswa. Musiyano unoonekwa unoshanduka zvichienderana nemashoko, maumbirwo ebasa uye mwero weruzivo unodiwa. Webb, 2008
Kuziva shoko kunoreva kuti ndinorinyatsonzwisisa here?
Kunoratidza ruzivo runodiwa nemubvunzo iwoyo. Kurirangarira, kunyatsonzwisisa zvarinoreva uye kurishandisa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu zvingada mamwe mashoko. Laufer et al., 2004
Zvibodzwa zvemashoko angu zvichafanotaura kunzwisisa kwangu pakuverenga here?
Zvingapa mashoko anobatsira kududzira, asi kuwanda kwemashoko anozivikanwa uye kunzwisisa zvinhu zviviri zvine hukama asi zvisina kufanana. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Manyuko
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mashoko Mangani Atinoziva? Fungidziro Dzinoshanda dzeHukuru Hwemashoko Zvichienderana Netsananguro yeShoko, Kuwanda Kwemutauro Unonzwikwa uye Zera Remutori Chikamu.
- Nation (2006). Hukuru Hupi Hwemashoko Hunodiwa Pakuverenga Nokuteerera?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Kuedza Kuziva Mashoko: Huwandu, Kusimba uye Kugona Kuchinjika kweKombiyuta.
- Webb (2008). Huwandu Hwemashoko Anonzwisiswa Neanokwanisa Kushandiswa neVadzidzi veL2.
- Webb (2007). Migumisiro Yokudzokorora paKuziva Mashoko.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mashoko Mangani Ari muChirungu Chakadhindwa cheChikoro?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Tinoverenga mashoko mangani paminiti? Ongororo nekuongorora kwakabatanidza tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekumhanya kuverenga.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Chikamu Chemashoko Anozivikanwa Murugwaro uye Kunzwisisa Kuverenga.