Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Humbowo hwatsanangurwa muongororo | Mhedzisiro | Tsananguro inokosha |
|---|---|---|
| Vadzidzi veChirungu vaHirai, boka rainzwisisa zvakanyanya | 139 WPM | Vakapindura zvinopfuura 75% zvemibvunzo nemazvo |
| Chidzidzo chimwe chete, rimwe boka | 61 WPM | Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana |
| Chidzidzo chebhuku refu chevanhu vaitaura chiDutch neChirungu | 17% inononoka muL2 | Muenzaniso wevanhu vaitaura mitauro miviri uye basa chairo |
Mhedzisiro iyi yakataurwa muchikamu cheongororo pamusoro pevaverengi vasiri vatauri vemutauro wacho kubva vachiri vadiki. Ongororo yacho inotaura pachena kuti uwandu hwechidzidzo chebhuku refu hahubvumiri kuverenga mwero weWPM chaiwo unogona kuenzaniswa zvakananga. Kuchengeta tsananguro iyi kwakakosha: 17% haifaniri kushandiswa sechinhu chokuwedzera kana kuderedza mwero chevadzidzi vose vemitauro. Brysbaert, 2019
Nei kugona mutauro kuchikosha kupfuura kunzi L2
Kushandisa mutauro wechipiri kunochinja magadzirirwo anoitwa mashoko mupfungwa, kusanganisira kunzwa kuti mashoko anowanzoonekwa kakawanda sei. Chidzidzo chaWhitford naTitone chinoongorora zvinoitika izvi pachishandiswa kufamba kwemaziso pakuverenga ndima. Saka vanhu vaviri vane mitauro yakafanana yokutanga neyepiri vangasangana nezvinetso zvakasiyana pakunzwisisa, zvichienderana nekuwanda kwavanoshandisa mutauro uye kugona kwavo. Whitford et al., 2012
Kuziva mashoko chikamu chemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Tsvakurudzo yemashoko anozivikanwa inobvunza kuti mashoko mangani ari mune chimwe chinyorwa anozivikanwa nomuverengi, asi fungidziro yehuwandu hwemashoko inotsamira pakuti panoverengwa maumbirwo emashoko, mazwi makuru kana mhuri dzemashoko. Kufungidzira zvichienderana nenhamba yemashoko chete hakugoni kufanotaura kuverenga zvakanaka kwezvinyorwa zvose. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Nei WPM isingagoni kuenzanisa mitauro zvakananga
Mitauro yakasiyana inoshandisa nhamba dzakasiyana dzemashoko akanyorwa kuti itaure ruzivo rwakafanana. Kureba kwemashoko, kuumbwa kwawo uye manyorerwo emutauro zvinokanganisa chiri kuverengwa. Naizvozvo, ongororo dzemwero wekuverenga nekufamba kwemaziso hadzitsigiri kududzira WPM yakaderera mune mumwe mutauro sokureva kungwara kushoma kana kufunga kwose kunononoka. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Kuoma kwechinyorwa nemirayiridzo yebasa zvinochinja mhedzisiro
Kuverengera mafaro, kudzidza uye kutsvaga chokwadi mabasa akasiyana. Tsvakurudzo yekufamba kwemaziso inoratidza kuti kuoma kwemashoko uye zvinodiwa pakunzwisisa zvinokanganisa kuongorora kunoita maziso. Nyaya inozivikanwa nechinyorwa chitsva chine mashoko ehunyanzvi hazvifaniri kutorwa sezvinhu zvinoyera kumhanya kumwe chete kwakagadzika. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kudzokera pakuverenga chikamu chakambopfuura kunogona kubatsira muverengi kugadzirisa kusava nechokwadi. Humbowo hwekuedza hunoratidza kuti kurambidza kuverengazve kunokanganisa kunzwisisa, zvichiyeuchidza kuti hakufaniri kutorwa sekusashanda zvakanaka nguva dzose kuti munhu ambomira kana kudzokera shure paanoverenga muL2. Imwe nguva yakawedzerwa inogona kubatsira kunzwisisa. Schotter et al., 2014
Kudzidzira kunogona kuderedza musiyano here?
Ongororo idzi dzinotsigira kukosha kwekushandisa mutauro uye kuziva mashoko nokukurumidza, asi hadziratidzi nhamba yemazuva kana maawa inodiwa kuti munhu averenge mutauro wechipiri pamwero wakafanana newokutanga. Uyezve, mienzaniso iyi inobva muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana haibudisi fungidziro yakavimbika yemhedzisiro yekudzidzira zvichienderana nezera nebonde. Kufambira mberi kunofanira kuyerwa mumabasa nemamiriro emutauro zvinofananidzwa. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Shandisa mashoko matsva akakodzera, tarisa kunzwisisa uye nyora mutauro pamwe nechinangwa chenguva imwe neimwe yawayera. Kuverenga chinyorwa chiri nyore nokukurumidza kunogona kubatsira, asi izvozvo zvoga hazviratidzi kuti kugona kuverenga kwakawedzera mwero wakaenzana pazvinyorwa zvakaoma. Kuenzanisa kunoreva kunochengeta kuoma nechinangwa zvakada kufanana. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Saka mhinduro inoshanda ndeyemikana yakasiyana-siyana, kwete nhamba imwe chete yokuwedzera nayo kana kuderedza nayo. Mhedzisiro ye139, 61 ne17% yakabudiswa inoratidza kukosha kunoita boka revanhu nebasa. Inofanira kubatsira kunzwisisa kusiyana kwemhedzisiro, kwete kugadzira mwero mutsva unoshandiswa kuvadzidzi vose vemutauro. Brysbaert, 2019
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wekumhanya kuverenga
Edza muedzo wekumhanya kuverenga nemutauro waunonzwisisa, uye pindura mibvunzo yokunzwisisa. Chengeta mhedzisiro yemitauro yakasiyana yakaparadzana. Nhamba dzeongororo dzeChirungu dzinongopa mamiriro ekuenzanisa; hadzisi nzira yokushandura nayo mwero wako wemutauro kana IQ.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Kunonoka zvakapetwa kaviri muL2 kunoratidza dambudziko here?
Zvidzidzo izvi hazvitsananguri mwero wemunhu mumwe chete unonzi une dambudziko. Kugona mutauro, kuoma kwechinyorwa uye chinangwa chebasa zvinosiyana zvikuru zvokuti hazvigoni kupedzisa izvozvo. Brysbaert, 2019
Ndinogona kuenzanisa WPM yeChirungu neyeimwe mutauro here?
Unogona chete kana ukafunga nezvekusiyana kwemashoko akanyorwa uye ruzivo rwuri mushoko rimwe nerimwe. WPM yoga haiiti kuti mitauro ienzaniswe pasina rusaruro. Brysbaert, 2019
Ndinofanira kuzvimanikidza kuti ndisaverengazve here?
Kwete uchifunga kuti kudzokera shure kwose kunokuvadza. Kuverengazve kunogona kubatsira kunzwisisa, uye kunofanira kuongororwa pamwe chete nekumhanya. Schotter et al., 2014
Manyuko
- Brysbaert (2019). Tin verenga mashoko mangani paminiti? Ongororo nemeta-kuongorora mwero wekuverenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Zvakawanda zvokuverenga, nguva ishoma.
- Rayner (1998). Kufamba kwemaziso pakuverenga nekugadzirisa ruzivo: makore 20 etsvakurudzo.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kufamba kwemaziso pakuverenga nekugadzirisa ruzivo: nhaka yemakore 40 yaKeith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Kushandisa mutauro wechipiri kunochinja maitiro anoita kuwanda kwemashoko mutauro wokutanga newechipiri: Humbowo hunobva mukuyera kufamba kwemaziso pakuverenga ndima chaidzo.
- Nation (2006). Panodiwa mashoko mangani pakunzwisisa zvaunoverenga nezvaunonzwa?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Usatenda zvaunoverenga kamwe chete.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Tinoziva mashoko mangani? Kufungidzira kunoshanda kwehukuru hwemashoko kunoenderana netsananguro yezwi, uwandu hwemashoko anosangana nemunhu uye zera rake.