Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Mamiriro ekuverenga | Mwero washandiswa | Nguva yakaverengerwa yemashoko 1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Paavhareji yeongororo yekuverenga zvinyorwa zvisiri zvengano muchinyararire | 238 WPM | maminitsi 4 nemasekonzi 12 |
| Paavhareji yeongororo yekuverenga ngano muchinyararire | 260 WPM | maminitsi 3 nemasekonzi 51 |
| Paavhareji yeongororo yekuverenga zvinonzwika | 183 WPM | maminitsi 5 nemasekonzi 28 |
| Mwero unoratidza kuverenga zvishoma nezvishoma | 175 WPM | maminitsi 5 nemasekonzi 43 |
| Mwero unoratidza kuverenga nokukurumidza | 300 WPM | maminitsi 3 nemasekonzi 20 |
Nguva idzi dzakaverengwa nenhamba, dzikatenderedzwa kusvika pasekondi riri pedyo: nhamba yemashoko inopatsanurwa neWPM, yozowanziridzwa ne60. Idzi hadzisi nguva dzakayerwa dzekupedza kuverenga chinyorwa chaicho chine mashoko 1,000. Ongororo yacho yakaunganidza tsvakurudzo yemwero wekuverenga kubva muzvinyorwa nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana; maavhareji ayo eChirungu anobatsira sepokutangira pakuronga. Brysbaert, 2019
Kuverenga chinyorwa kwakasiyana nokuchidzidza
Huwandu hwenguva dzakajairika dzekuverenga muongororo hahufaniri kushandiswa senguva yakatarwa yekudzidza, kuongorora pfungwa kana kunyora manotsi. Mabasa iwayo anoda kumwe kufunga nokudzokera kuzvawaverenga. Tsvakurudzo yemafambiro emeso inotsanangura kudzokera kumashoko apfuura uye kumbomira kwemaziso kwakasiyana-siyana sezvikamu zvekuverenga zvine chinangwa, kwete nguva inopambadzwa inofanira kugara ichibviswa. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kuedza kwakadzivisa kuverengazve kunobatsira kwakawana kuti kunzwisisa kwakaderera pakaitwa izvozvo. Izvi zvinotsigira kusiyanisa kupfuura nemuchinyorwa nokuchinzwisisa, pane kungoti kubudirira kunoreva kusvika pashoko rekupedzisira nokukurumidza. Schotter et al., 2014
Zvakadini kana mashoko acho usina kujaira kana kuti ari mune mumwe mutauro?
Kuverenga mumutauro wechipiri kunoenderana nokugona mutauro wacho uye kuushandisa. Tsvakurudzo yemigumisiro yekuwanda kunoita shoko inoratidza kuti ruzivo rwemutauro runochinja kuoma kunoita kugadzirisa mashoko. Kuziva mashoko kunochinjawo kuti munhu anokwanisa kunzwisisa zvakadini muchikamu chakanyorwa, saka kuverenga mashoko akaenzana kungada simba rakasiyana zvikuru kuvanhu vakasiyana. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Zera uye bonde zvinoda here nguva yakasiyana?
Ongororo inotaura kuti vana, vakwegura uye vanoverenga mumutauro wechipiri vanoverenga zvishoma nezvishoma, asi avhareji imwe chete yevakuru haisi chiyero chenguva yakagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nezera remunhu. Muzvidzidzo zvakawanda maiva nevatori vechikamu vakadzidza, kazhinji vadzidzi. Humbowo uhwu hahupi hwaro hwakasimba hwekutaura kuti munhu anofanira kuwedzera masekonzi mangani pachikamu chine mashoko 1,000 zvichienderana nebonde rake. Brysbaert, 2019
Mashoko haana kuenzana pakupa ruzivo mumitauro yakasiyana. Misiyano pakureba kwemashoko, maumbirwo awo nemanyorerwo inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuenzanisa WPM pakati pemitauro. Munhu anoverenga mitauro yakawanda ngaafananidze mabasa akafanana mumutauro mumwe chete pane kutora WPM yakaderera sechiratidzo chekushaya mano ose. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Chii chingaita kuti fungidziro iyi ibatsire zvikuru?
Verenga nguva paunenge uchiverenga chikamu chausina kujaira chine kuoma kwakafanana, wotarisa zvawanzwisisa. Mwero wako pabasa rakafanana ungabatsira pakuronga kupfuura avhareji yevanhu, kunyange zvazvo muenzaniso mumwe mupfupi uchigona kusavimbika. Verenga nguva yekuverenga yoga, yakasiyana nenguva yekumbozorora, yekunyora zvinotaurwa muchinyorwa uye yekunyora manotsi. Uku kuverenga kwekurongera nguva, hakusi kuongorora kunoongorora dambudziko nenzira yakasimbiswa. Brysbaert, 2019
Ongororo yekuverenga nokukurumidza inowana kuti kuwedzera zvikuru mwero wekuverenga kunowanzoderedza kunzwisisa; kuverenga uchitsvaga pfungwa huru kunogona kuva nechinangwa chakasiyana, asi hakuna kufanana nokunzwisisa zvizere. Kana chinangwa chiri kungotsvaga chokwadi chimwe, kutarisa nokukurumidza kungakodzera. Kana chinangwa chiri kudzidza, nguva yokuwedzera yekuongorora zvinorehwa inofanira kuverengerwa. Rayner et al., 2016
Hapana chidzidzo chataurwa chinoratidza kuti mutambo kana kuti nguva yakatarwa inoita kuti vaverengi vave vakangwara. Chinogona kuyerwa kuita kwemunhu pachikamu chakatarwa, achitevera mirayiridzo yakatarwa, uye kunzwisisa kuchiongororwa pamwe chete nokumhanya. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wekumhanya kuverenga
Edza muedzo wekumhanya kuverenga pachikamu chausina kujaira, wopindura mibvunzo yekunzwisisa. Shandisa zvabuda sefambiro yenguva yebasa iroro paunenge uchironga kuverenga kwakafanana. Wedzera nguva yakazvimirira yekunyora manotsi kana kudzidza, pane kutarisira kuti mabasa ose akwane mukuverenga kwakatarisa kuverenga chete.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Fomura yacho ndeipi?
Maminitsi akaenzana nenhamba yemashoko yakapatsanurwa nenhamba yemashoko anoverengwa paminiti. Pa238 WPM, 1,000 yakapatsanurwa ne238 inoita maminitsi angangoita 4.20, kana kuti maminitsi 4 nemasekonzi 12. Brysbaert, 2019
Fungidziro iyi inosanganisira kunyora manotsi here?
Kwete. Kuverenga uku kunotaura nezvenguva yekuverenga pamwero wasarudzwa; kudzidza nokunyora manotsi mamwe mabasa ekuwedzera. Brysbaert, 2019
Ndingaderedza nguva nepakati ndisingarasikirwi nokunzwisisa here?
Ongororo yekuverenga nokukurumidza haitsigiri vimbiso yakadaro kune vose. Kuwedzera zvikuru mwero wekuverenga kunowanzova nemutengo wokunzwisisa kushoma. Rayner et al., 2016
Manyuko
- Brysbaert (2019). How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate.
- Rayner et al. (2016). So Much to Read, So Little Time.
- Rayner (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Eye movements in reading and information processing: Keith Rayner’s 40 year legacy.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Second-language experience modulates first- and second-language word frequency effects: Evidence from eye movement measures of natural paragraph reading.
- Nation (2006). How Large a Vocabulary is Needed For Reading and Listening?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Don’t Believe What You Read (Only Once).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). How Many Words Do We Know? Practical Estimates of Vocabulary Size Dependent on Word Definition, the Degree of Language Input and the Participant’s Age.