Humbowo nenhamba zvinokosha
| Nzira yekuverenga zvibodzwa muongororo imwe chete | Avhareji yekudzitevedza | Avhareji yekudzidzosera kumashure |
|---|---|---|
| Nhamba yepamusoro pachishandiswa mutemo wechinyakare wekumisa bvunzo | nhamba 6.35 | nhamba 4.61 |
| Nhamba yepamusoro pabvunzo yakazara | nhamba 6.77 | nhamba 5.19 |
| Avhareji yehuwandu hwenhamba dzinoyeukwa pachishandiswa nzira inochinja | nhamba 6.52 | nhamba 4.91 |
Tafura 6 yaWoods nevamwe inoratidza nhamba idzi. Nhamba dzakataurwa nenzwi pachishandiswa kombiyuta. Mutambo unoona manhamba ose panguva imwe chete unoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuratidza nekuyeuka, saka idzi hadzisi nhamba dzinotarisirwa pazvibodzwa zveHelibrain. Kunyange muongororo yacho, kuchinja nzira yekuverenga kunochinja huwandu hwenhamba hunoita sehunoyeukwa. Woods et al., 2010
Chii chinowedzerwa nekudzosera kutevedzana kumashure?
Kuyeuka uchitevedza kunoda kuti zvinhu zvichengetwe mupfungwa uye kurongeka kwazvo. Kuyeuka uchidzokera kumashure kunochinja kurongeka kunodiwa pakupindura, uye kungada mamwe maitiro ekushandura zviri mupfungwa kana ekuzvidzosa. Dzidziso dzendangariro yekushanda dzinopatsanura kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi nemaitiro anoshandiswa kudzora kana kushandura zviri mupfungwa, pane kubata basa rimwe nerimwe sokunge riri kungoratidza zviri mumudziyo mumwe chete. Baddeley, 2012 Conway et al., 2005
Izvi hazvirevi kuti musiyano uri pakati pekudzosera kumashure nekutevedza unoyera zvakananga kugona kwekudzora mafungiro. Bepa rinoongorora ndangariro yenhamba rinoratidza kuti kunyatsosarudza nzira yekuverenga zvibodzwa kunokanganisa kuenzanisa ikoko. Nzira inoshandiswa, mhando dzezvikanganiso nemutemo wekumisa bvunzo zvose zvinobatsira pakusarudza zvinorehwa nemusiyano wacho. Woods et al., 2010
Nei nhamba 7 isiri mutemo unoshanda kune vose
Hurukuro yaMiller yakakurumbira ine chekuita neruzivo uye kururonga patsva, kwete vimbiso yokuti munhu wose anoyeuka nhamba 7 chaidzo. Ongororo yakazotevera yaCowan inotaura nezvehuwandu hudiki hwemapoka ezvinhu mupfungwa kana mamiriro acho asingabvumiri kudzokorora kana kuunganidza zvinhu mumapoka. Tsananguro idzi dzinoshandisa miganhu nezviyero zvakasiyana; hapana inopa chikonzero chekubvisa nhamba yakatarwa kubva pahuwandu hwenhamba dzinoyeukwa uchitevedza kuti ufungidzire dzinoyeukwa uchidzokera kumashure. Miller, 1956 Cowan, 2001
Chii chinochikanganisa?
Zera, dzidzo uye nzira yekuratidza nhamba zvine basa
Ongororo yenhamba dzinoyeukwa yakaongorora zera nedzidzo, asi vanhu vakuru vakapinda mairi havamiriri vanhu vemazera ose, mitauro yose nenzira dzose dzekuratidza nhamba. Musiyano wezera muvanhu ivavo hauratidzi kuti chikamu chemunhu mubrowser chakagadziriswa maererano nezera chakarurama. Kunzwa nhamba dzichitaurwa kunodzipa imwe nzira yekutevedzana, yakasiyana nekuona nhamba yose kamwe chete. Woods et al., 2010
Zivo yakagara iri mundangariro inogona kuchinja nzira iyo nhevedzano yezviratidzo inochengetwa nayo. Zvidzidzo zvekuunganidza zvinhu mumapoka zvinotsanangura kuti kurongeka kwazvo kunoita kuti nhevedzano ive nyore kupfupisa. Imwe nyaya yakakurumbira yemunhu aidzidzira zvakanyanya yakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwenhamba dzaigona kuyeukwa, achishandisa nzira dzemusoro dzaakanga adzidza. Zvakawanikwa izvi hazviratidzi kuti marudzi ose endangariro anowedzera zvakaenzana. Mathy et al., 2012 Ericsson et al., 1980
Kusiyana kwemigumisiro yemunhu kunofanira kunzwisiswa sei?
Funga nezvemaitiro akashandiswa pabasa rimwe nerimwe uye mitemo yekuverenga zvibodzwa. Mhinduro yakaderera pakudzosera kumashure yoga hairatidzi chirwere, uye musiyano mukuru kudarika wenguva dzose pakati pemigumisiro yemunhu haugoni kutsanangurwa kuti une zvazvinoreva pakurapwa pasina kuyerwa kwakakodzera nenhamba dzekuenzanisa dzakakodzera. Ongororo yenzira dzekuyera ndangariro inosimbisa kushandisa maitiro akanyatsotsanangurwa pakuita mhedziso pamusoro pendangariro yekushanda. Conway et al., 2005
Hazvina kuchengeteka kushandura huwandu hwenhamba dzinoyeukwa kuita mwero wakati we n-back. Ongororo yakabatanidza zvidzidzo zvakawanda inowana kuti zviyero zve n-back nezvehuwandu hwenhamba dzinoyeukwa hazvichinjani, kunyange zvazvo zvose zvichinzi zvinoyera ndangariro yekushanda. Zvinoitwa nemunhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nebasa pakuziva, kuvandudza zviri mupfungwa uye kuyeuka. Redick et al., 2013
Kana uchingotevera shanduko dzako zvisina kurongwa, enzanisa kuedza kutevedza nedzimwe nguva dzekutevedza, uye kuedza kudzokera kumashure nedzimwe nguva dzekudzokera kumashure, uchishandisa mamiriro akafanana ekuratidza nhamba. Kana ukachinja nzira yekuunganidza nhamba mumapoka, nyora kuti wachinja. Kuwana zvibodzwa zviri nani kungaratidza kuti wawana nzira inoshanda zvikuru pazvinhu izvi, kwete kuti ndangariro yako yakawedzera zvayo. Woods et al., 2010 Mathy et al., 2012
Edza muedzo wemahara une chekuita nazvo
Muedzo wekuyeuka nhamba
Edza muedzo wekuyeuka nhamba semuedzo wekuona nokuyeuka. Mhinduro yawo inofanira kunzwisiswa maererano nemirayiridzo yawo; hausi muitiro wekunzwa nhamba dzichitaurwa uchidzinyevera mberi uye uchidzidzosera kumashure uri mutafura. Usashandise musiyano wakabudiswa sechipimo chekuongorora chirwere.
Mibvunzo yakajairika
Musiyano unotarisirwa unofanira kuva nhamba 2 chaidzo here?
Kwete. Musiyano weavhareji pachishandiswa nzira yechinyakare yekuverenga waiva nhamba 1.74, uye dzimwe nzira dzakapa misiyano yakasiyana. Iwoyo hausi mutemo unoshanda kumunhu mumwe nomumwe. Woods et al., 2010
Zvinoita here kuti munhu ayeuke nhamba dzakawanda achidzidzosera kumashure?
Migumisiro yemunhu uye nzira dzaanoshandisa zvinogona kusiyana. Avhareji dzeboka revanhu hadziratidzi kuti pamuedzo mumwe nomumwe nhamba dzinofanira kuyeukwa dzichitevedza nguva dzose dzive dzakawanda pane dzinoyeukwa uchidzokera kumashure. Woods et al., 2010
Ndinogona kushandura huwandu hwenhamba dzandinoyeuka kuita n-back here?
Zvinyorwa izvi hazvipi nzira yakatenderwa yekuzvishandura; zviyero zvacho hazvichinjani. Redick et al., 2013
Manyuko
- Woods et al. (2010). Kuvandudza kuyerwa kwendangariro yemashoko enguva pfupi pachishandiswa bvunzo yenhamba dzinoyeukwa.
- Cowan (2001). Nhamba yemashiripiti 4 mundangariro yenguva pfupi: Kuongororazve kugona kuchengeta mupfungwa.
- Miller (1956). Nhamba yemashiripiti 7, kuwedzera kana kubvisa 2: Mimwe miganhu pakugona kwedu kugadzirisa ruzivo..
- Baddeley (2012). Ndangariro yekushanda: Dzidziso, mienzaniso nemakakatanwa.
- Conway et al. (2005). Mabasa ekuedza huwandu hwendangariro yekushanda: Ongororo yemaitiro uye gwaro remashandisirwo.
- Redick et al. (2013). Zviyero zvehuwandu hwendangariro yakaoma uye n-back: Ongororo yakabatanidza zvidzidzo zvakawanda.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Kuwana unyanzvi hwendangariro.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Chii chinoshamisa panhamba dzemashiripiti? Kuunganidza mumapoka nekupfupisa ruzivo mundangariro yenguva pfupi.