Ukuhlolwa kwe-N-back: indlela
I-N-back evumelana nezinga lomdlali (umugqa owodwa, emibili, emithathu noma emine), elandela uhlelo lokuqeqesha lwe-dual n-back lukaJaeggi nabanye (2008)
Inguqulo yohlelo lokunikeza amaphuzu: nback-training-1 (inguqulo yenkontileka 1, inguqulo yefomethi yeseshini 2)
← Buyela ekuhlolweniLokho okukalwayo
Ukusebenza emsebenzini we-N-back uqobo: ukuvuselela okuqhubekayo nokufanisa izinto zakamuva ezisenkumbulweni yokusebenza. Leli ithuluzi lokuzilolonga elinamashadi alo enqubekelaphambili; akusikho ukuhlola inkumbulo yokusebenza okunezilinganiso ezijwayelekile.
Inqubo
Imigqa yolwazi: indawo (elinye lamaseli angu-8 angaphandle kugridi engu-3 x 3; isikhungo asisetshenziswa), umsindo (izinhlamvu ezikhulunywayo ezingu-8, noma amathoni angu-8 abizwa ngokuthi Amanothi), umbala nesimo (amanani angu-8 ngakunye). Amamodi: owodwa (indawo), ekabili (indawo + umsindo; iyona ezenzakalelayo), emithathu (+ umbala) kanye nemine (+ isimo). Umkhombandlela ngamunye uboniswa ngo-500 ms; olandelayo uvela ngemva kwesikhawu esikhethiwe (esivamile esingu-3,000 ms). Impendulo yomugqa wolwazi ibalwa kumkhombandlela wamanje kuze kuvele olandelayo. Okhiye: A (indawo), L (umsindo), S (umbala), K (isimo), i-Space iyamisa isikhashana; emafonini kusetshenziswa izinkinobho ezingaphansi kwegridi. Ibhulokhi inomkhombandlela yokuzifudumeza engu-N (akuphendulwa) kanye nemikhombandlela ebalwayo (evamile engu-20). Ukulandelana kuvela ohlelweni olukhiqiza izinombolo luqala enombolweni ethile, oluphindwa yiseva: emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi, u-30% ncamashi wemikhombandlela ebalwayo uyafana nalowo we-N-back (engu-6 kwangu-20); amapheya ngamabili emigqa yolwazi afana ndawonye ku-10% yemikhombandlela (engu-2 kwangu-20); kumamodi emigqa emithathu noma emine kukhona imikhombandlela lapho yonke noma emithathu imigqa ifana; futhi okungafani akuphindi ngephutha into ye-N-back. Isifundo sokuzijwayeza se-1-back esingakhethwa sinikeza impendulo. Isilungiselelo esizenzakalelayo siyazivumelanisa (isikhathi nobude obuvamile); isilungiselelo sesandla sivumela umdlali akhethe u-N, isikhawu, ubude nempendulo. Isethi yansuku zonke ongayikhetha inamabhulokhi angu-20 anamakhefu. Amabhulokhi angaqediwe ayama lapho ushiya ikhasi futhi angaqhubekwa futhi.
Imingcele
| Ipharamitha | Inani |
|---|---|
| Imodi ezenzakalelayo | emibili (indawo + umsindo), N = 2, evumelana nezinga lomdlali |
| Ububanzi buka-N | 1 kuya ku-9 |
| Isikhathi sokubonisa umkhombandlela | 500 ms |
| Isikhawu semikhombandlela | 3,000 ms okuvamile; 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 4,000 noma 5,000 ms kumodi yesandla |
| Imikhombandlela ebaliwe ngebhulokhi | 20 okuvamile; 40, 60 noma 100 kumodi yesandla |
| Imikhombandlela yokuzifudumeza | N ngebhulokhi, ayibalwa |
| Okuhambisanayo | 30% emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi; 10% ngepheya ngayinye yemigqa yolwazi |
| Umthetho wokuzivumelanisa nezinga | khuphuka ngo-1 uma wonke umugqa wolwazi unamaphutha angeqi ku-2; yehla ngo-1 uma noma yimuphi umugqa unamaphutha angu-6 noma ngaphezulu; uma kungenjalo hlala ezingeni elifanayo |
| Isethi yansuku zonke (ongayikhetha) | Amabhulokhi angu-20 |
| Izindlela zokufaka impendulo | izinkinobho zokuthinta, igundane lekhompyutha, okhiye A / L / S / K, i-Space ukuze ume kancane |
Ukunikeza amaphuzu
Emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi, kuyo yonke imikhombandlela ebalwayo: okubanjwe kahle, okugejiwe, izimpendulo ezingamanga, nokwenqatshwa okulungile; ukunemba okulinganiselayo = 50 x (izinga lokubamba kahle + izinga lokwenqatshwa okulungile), ngephesenti, ngakho ukungaphenduli lutho (noma ukuphendula kukho konke) kunikeza u-50%. Isikolo sebhulokhi siyisilinganiso sokunemba okulinganiselayo kuyo yonke imigqa yolwazi ekhethiwe; esiphezulu singcono. Amaphutha emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi = okugejiwe + izimpendulo ezingamanga, futhi lawo anquma izinga elivumelana nezinga lomdlali lebhulokhi elandelayo. Izikhathi zokusabela emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi ziyafingqwa (inani eliphakathi nendawo, isilinganiso, elincane, elikhulu) kodwa azifakwa esikolweni. Akukho kuqhathanisa nabanye abadlali; amashadi aqhathanisa izikhathi zomdlali uqobo ezinezilungiselelo ezifanayo.
Imithetho yokuqinisekisa umzamo
Kubhalwa amabhulokhi aphelele kuphela (u-N kanye nemikhombandlela ebalwayo, ifulegi elilodwa lempendulo emugqeni ngamunye wolwazi nomkhombandlela ngamunye, akukho zimpendulo ngesikhathi sokuzifudumeza). Iseva iphinda ikhiqize ukulandelana kusukela enombolweni yokuqala bese yenqaba isikhathi uma izikhuthazi ezirekhodiwe zingafani nakho, izimpendulo ezamukelwe zingekho, noma isikhathi sokuqeda sisekusasa. Amakhefu avumelekile futhi ayarekhodwa. Izimpawu zamarobhothi ziyagcinwa kodwa azishintshi izikolo noma amashadi. Lezi zikhathi zokuzilolonga zigcinwa ngokwehlukana nokuhlolwa kwe-N-back okunamaphuzu futhi azifakwa ekuqhathaniseni kwakho noma kuzikolo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Umehluko emsebenzini wakudala
Ibhulokhi evamile ilandela isikhathi nomthetho wokuzivumelanisa nezinga kaJaeggi nabanye (2008): imikhombandlela engu-20 + N, ukubonisa okungu-500 ms, imizuzwana engu-3 ngomkhombandlela, ukukhuphuka uma kunamaphutha angaphansi kuka-3 kuwo wonke umugqa wolwazi, nokwehla uma kunamaphutha angaphezu kuka-5 kunoma yimuphi umugqa. Umehluko: izinhlamvu ezikhulunywa ngezwi elenziwe yikhompyutha (noma amathoni), imigqa yombala neyomumo ongayikhetha, isifundo esifushane, izilawuli zefoni, izilungiselelo zesandla namabhulokhi ansuku zonke enziwa ngejubane lomdlali. Lokhu akukona ukuphindwa kohlelo lokuqeqesha locwaningo, futhi akuwona umsebenzi wokuqala womugqa owodwa kaKirchner.
Imikhawulo
Ukuthuthuka emsebenzini oqeqeshiwe kubhalwe kahle; ukuthi lokho kudlulela kwamanye amakhono, kuhlanganise nobuhlakani, akucaci futhi kusaphikiswana ngakho. Ikhasi alithembisi ukuthi lokho kudlulela kwamanye amakhono kuzokwenzeka. Isikhathi somsindo nesokubonisa sincike kudivayisi nasesipheqululini; irekhodi libonisa ukuthi ikhasi lithumele nini umkhombandlela ngamunye, hhayi ukuthi isikrini noma isipikha siwukhiphe nini. Azikho izilinganiso ezijwayelekile, futhi ukuhlola akugadwa. Akusetshenziselwa ukwelapha noma ukuxilonga.
Izilimi nesimo sokubuyekezwa
Imiyalelo itholakala ngazo zonke izilimi zesayithi. Umugqa womsindo usebenzisa amasethi ezinhlamvu noma amalunga endabuko ezilimini ezingu-28 (isiBengali, isiBulgaria, isiShayina esenziwe lula nesendabuko, isiCzech, isiDashi, isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiGreki, isiHindi, isiHungary, isiNtaliyane, isiJapane, isiKazakh, isiMarathi, isiNepali, isiPheresiya, isiPolish, isiPutukezi, isiRashiya, isiSerbia, isiSpanishi, isiTelugu, isiUkrainian, isiUrdu, isiAlbanian, isiArmenia), okurekhodwe ngezwi elenziwe yikhompyutha; ezinye izilimi zisebenzisa ithoni. Imigqa yendawo, yombala neyomumo ayincikile olimini.
Isimo sokubuyekezwa ngolimi lwemiyalelo
Izilimi zemiyalelo eshicilelwe zibhalwe ngezansi. Indlela yokuhumusha: ukuhumusha okusizwa umshini nokuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi. Izinto eziqondene nolimi zichazwe ngenhla; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga lapha.
| Ulimi lwemiyalelo | Isimo sokubuyekezwa esibhaliwe |
|---|---|
| English | Umbhalo wokuqala wesiNgisi. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Čeština | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Deutsch | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Español | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Filipino | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Français | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Hausa | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Igbo | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Italiano | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Kiswahili | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Magyar | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Nederlands | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Polski | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Português | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Shqip | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Soomaali | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Srpski | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Tiếng Việt | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Türkçe | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Türkmençe | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Yorùbá | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Ελληνικά | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Български | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Кыргызча | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Қазақ тілі | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Македонски | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Монгол | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Русский | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Українська | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ქართული | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| Հայերեն | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| עברית | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| اردو | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| العربية | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| پښتو | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| سنڌي | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| فارسی | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| አማርኛ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| नेपाली | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| मराठी | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| हिन्दी | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| অসমীয়া | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| বাংলা | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ગુજરાતી | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| தமிழ் | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| తెలుగు | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| മലയാളം | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| සිංහල | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ไทย | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ລາວ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| မြန်မာ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| ខ្មែរ | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| 한국어 | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| 日本語 | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| 简体中文 | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
| 繁體中文 | Ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kweskripthi nesipelingi; ukubuyekezwa ngabantu abakhuluma lolu limi njengolimi lwabo lwendabuko akubhalwanga. |
Indlela yokucaphuna
Helibrain (2026). N-back test, vnback-training-1. https://helibrain.com/n-back-test/methods
Umlando wezinguquko
· Inguqulo nback-training-1 · Ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwezindlela zomsebenzi okhishiwe njengamanje.
Izinkomba
Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043688original n-back paradigm
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829-6833.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105dual n-back training protocol (timing, block structure, adaptation rule)
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131review of the n-back paradigm
Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., & Laine, M. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1077-1096.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1217-0meta-analysis: training effects are mostly task-specific
Melby-Lervåg, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512-534.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612meta-analysis: no reliable far transfer
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