Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Isimo esiyisibonelo | Isikhathi sokuphendula okulungile | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| Igama noyinki kuyavumelana | 500 ms | Isilinganiso sokuqala esiyisibonelo |
| Igama noyinki kuyaphikisana | 650 ms | Isimo esiyisibonelo sokungavumelani |
| Umehluko | 150 ms | Ukungavumelani kususwa ukuvumelana; akuwona umkhawulo wokuxilonga |
Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kwe-Stroop kwakusebenzisa izimpendulo zomlomo ezilandelanayo, kanti izinguqulo eziku-inthanethi zingase zisebenzise ukucindezela inkinobho. Izikhathi nemiphumela yakho akufanele kuqhathaniswe njengokungathi kuyafana. Izibuyekezo zibonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zomsebenzi, izilinganiso zokuqala namafomula. Yingakho igama elithi Stroop lilodwa lingasho isikali sezinombolo esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Stroop, 1935 Scarpina et al., 2017
Yini edala ukungqubuzana?
Kumuntu ofunda kahle, igama elibhaliwe lingavusa impendulo engahambisani, ngisho noma umyalelo uwukusho umbala woyinki. Isibuyekezo sikaMacLeod sihlola izincazelo eziningi zokuphazamiseka, asikunciphisi kube yingxenye eyodwa yobuchopho noma ukwehluleka nje ukuzibamba. Umsebenzi uhlola ukuncintisana okubangelwa yindlela owakhiwe ngayo. MacLeod, 1991
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukubala umehluko wokungavumelani kususwa ukuvumelana nokubala ukungavumelani kususwa isimo esingathathi hlangothi. Igama elivumelanayo lingasiza ekwenzeni umsebenzi, ngakho ukushintsha isilinganiso sokuqala kushintsha lokho okufakwa kulo mehluko. Isibuyekezo somtholampilo sichaza ukuthi ukuhumusha ukuhlolwa kufanele kugcine inqubo nendlela yokubala ekhethiwe. Scarpina et al., 2017
Kungani umehluko omncane ungasho ukuthi umuntu unengqondo engcono
Isikolo somehluko sincike kuzo zombili izimo ezisibalwayo nasemaphutheni okulinganisa. Ucwaningo ngokuthembeka lubonisa ukuthi imiphumela emaphakathi ecacile ingaba khona kanye nomehluko ongathembekile phakathi kwabantu. Izindleko ezincane ngokungajwayelekile ekuhlolweni okufushane zingabangelwa ukuguquguquka, ushintsho ekunembeni noma umehluko esilinganisweni sokuqala; azisho ukuthi umuntu unekhono elingavamile lokulawula konke. Hedge et al., 2017
Yini ekuthintayo?
Yini eshintsha ubukhulu bomphumela?
Izindlela zokuphendula nezinketho ezikhona zinomthelela emsebenzini wokuphendula. Ucwaningo lwakudala lokukhetha impendulo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhetha phakathi kwezinketho nakho kudinga isikhathi. Ngakho umdlalo we-Stroop osebenzisa igundane lekhompyutha nokuhlolwa kwephepha okuphendulwa ngomlomo kwehlukile ngezindlela ezingaphezu kokubukeka kwangaphandle. Hick, 1952 Scarpina et al., 2017
Isiphequluli nemishini nakho kunomthelela ezikhathini eziphelele zokuphendula. Ukuqhathanisa izimo kumshini ofanayo kungasusa okunye ukubambezeleka okwabelwana ngakho, kodwa lokho akufakazeli ukuthi wonke amaphutha esikhathi ayazisusa noma ukuthi isikolo somehluko sithembekile. Kudingeka ucwaningo lwesikhathi sokuhlola nolokulinganisa ngokwengqondo ukuze kufinyelelwe kuleso siphetho. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Hedge et al., 2017
Ukungalali ngokwanele kungathinta ukunaka, kodwa ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi zokuntula ubuthongo kuthola imiphumela ehlukene kuye ngomsebenzi nangekhono elihlolwayo. Akubonisi inani elilodwa elingaguquki lokuthi izindleko zakho ze-Stroop kufanele zikhule ngalo ngemva kobusuku obubi. Ungaguquli ukushintshashintsha okuvamile kube isiphetho sempilo yakho. Lim et al., 2010
Kuthiwani ngokukhuluma izilimi ezimbili nokuzijwayeza?
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi zabantu abadala abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili kwathola ukuthi izinzuzo ezincane zokuqala ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwengqondo azizange zihlale ngemva kokulungisa ukuchema kokushicilela. Ngakho umphumela womuntu ekuhlolweni kwe-Stroop awukwazi ukuqinisekisa inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbili. Ukujwayelana nolimi kuyingxenye yokuqonda umsebenzi wamagama uqobo, akusona isizathu sokunikeza umuntu ilebula elijwayelekile lokusebenza kwengqondo. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Uma uziqhathanisa nawe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, gcina ulimi, indlela yokuphendula nemithetho yokubala kungashintshi, bese ubheka ukunemba kanye nesivinini. Ungaphethi ngokuthi umehluko omncane uwukuthuthuka uma ubangelwa ukuphendula kancane esimweni sokuqala noma ukwenza amaphutha amaningi. Lezi izixwayiso zokulinganisa ezithathwe ezibuyekezweni; aziyona indlela yokuqeqesha eqinisekisiwe. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Umphumela ongokoqobo wokudlala ukujwayela lo msebenzi othile wokubhekana nokungqubuzana. Ubunzima bawo noma isikolo esiphezulu akufakazeli ukuhlakanipha, ukuxilongwa kwesifo noma inzuzo evamile yokuqeqesha. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop
Zama ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop, ulandele umyalelo wokubika umbala woyinki, bese ubheka ukunemba kanye nesikhathi. Kusetshenziswa indlela yayo yokuphendula ngokucindezela inkinobho. Isibonelo sika-150 ms sichaza ukususa; akusona isikolo okufanele usihlose.
Imibuzo evamile
Kungani ngifunda igama ngingazange ngizimisele?
Kubantu abafunda kahle, igama elibhaliwe lingaphazamisa impendulo yombala eceliwe. Isibuyekezo sixoxa ngezindlela eziningana ezibangela lokhu kuphazamiseka. MacLeod, 1991
Ingabe inhloso ukungabi nakuphazamiseka nhlobo?
Umehluko ocishe ube nguziro ekuhlolweni okufushane awusho ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi umuntu uthole isikolo esihle kakhulu sesici sakhe. Isilinganiso sokuqala, ukunemba nokuthembeka kubalulekile. Hedge et al., 2017
Ngingaqhathanisa ukuhlolwa kokuphendula ngomlomo nokokucindezela inkinobho?
Izindlela zokuphendula nezindlela zokubala imiphumela ziyehluka. Sebenzisa izilinganiso zokuqhathanisa kuphela uma zihambisana nenguqulo esetshenzisiwe. Scarpina et al., 2017
Imithombo
- MacLeod (1991). Uhhafu wekhulu locwaningo ngomphumela we-Stroop: isibuyekezo esihlanganisayo..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Ukuhlolwa kombala namagama kwe-Stroop.
- Stroop (1935). Izifundo zokuphazamiseka ekuphenduleni ngamazwi okulandelanayo..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: kungani imisebenzi eqinile yokuqonda ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.
- Hick (1952). Ngezinga lokwanda kolwazi.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukunemba nokwethembeka kwangempela kwamapulatifomu okuhlola aku-inthanethi, iziphequluli zewebhu namadivayisi.
- Lim et al. (2010). Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi ngomthelela wokuntula ubuthongo kwesikhashana emakhonweni okuqonda..
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Ingabe ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbili kuhlobene nokusebenza okuphezulu kwengqondo kubantu abadala? Isibuyekezo sokuhlaziya izifundo eziningi..