Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Inani | Incazelo eqondile | Ubufakazi obengeziwe obudingekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Inani lezimpendulo ezifanele | Ukuphumelela ezintweni ezilethiwe | Ubunzima bezinto nemithetho yokwenza ukuhlolwa |
| Isikhathi esithathiwe | Ijubane ngaphansi kwaleyo miyalelo | Ukunemba, imikhawulo yesikhathi kanye nekhwalithi yokulinganisa |
| Iphesentili | Indawo uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu eliyisithenjwa | Izinkambiso ezifanele nezimele abantu abahlukahlukene |
| Amaphuzu esikalini se-IQ | Incazelo esezingeni elifanayo | Ukuguqulwa okuqinisekisiwe nezinkambiso zeminyaka |
UCarpenter, uJust noShell bahlaziya izinqubo ezisetshenziswa kumaphethini kaRaven ngokubheka ukusebenza, imibiko yamazwi nokunyakaza kwamehlo. Incazelo yabo igcizelela ukuthola okujwayelekile nokuphatha ubudlelwano. Lokhu ukuhlaziywa kwethiyori komndeni owaziwayo wokuhlolwa, akukhona ukuqinisekiswa kwazo zonke izindida zamaphethini ezifana nawo. UCarpenter nabanye, 1990
Kungani amaphethini evame ukubizwa ngokuthi awadingi ukukhuluma?
Okuqukethwe yizinto zokuhlola kunganciphisa isidingo sokwazi amagama athile, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akuthintwa yimiyalelo, imfundo, ulwazi lwangaphambilini noma isiko. Ukubuyekezwa kukaRaven kubonisa ukuthi izinkambiso ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo nangesikhathi. Ifomethi engadingi ukukhuluma nokuchazwa okungathonywa isiko kuyizimangalo ezimbili ezingafani. URaven, 2000
Umbono obanzi ngobuhlakani nawo ubheka amaphuzu okuhlolwa njengezilinganiso ezinobuhle nemikhawulo, hhayi izincazelo eziphelele zomuntu. Imisebenzi ehlukene yokucabanga ingafuna amazinga ahlukene okucabanga, enkumbulo nezinye izingxenye. UNeisser nabanye, 1996 UHampshire nabanye, 2012
Ingabe ukucabanga ngamaphethini kuyafana ne-IQ ephelele?
Cha, akufanele kuthathwe ngokuzenzakalela njengokulingana. Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kungahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zemisebenzi bese kusebenzisa amaphuzu ahlanganisiwe achazwe encwadini yemiyalelo. Umhlahlandlela wamaphuzu womshicileli ubonisa ukuthi amaphuzu asezingeni elifanayo nezikhawu zokuzethemba kungokwesistimu ethile yokuhlola. Umthetho wezinombolo wodwa awudali lolo hlelo lomdlalo omusha. Pearson, 2020
Yini ekuthintayo?
Yini eshintsha umphumela?
Ukukhethwa kwezinto, ubunzima bazo, imikhawulo yesikhathi nokuthi umuntu uke wabhekana nazo yini ngaphambilini konke kuthinta lokho okuhlolwayo. Ucwaningo lokuphinda ukuhlola luthola ukwanda kwamaphuzu ekuhlolweni okuphindaphindiwe kwamakhono okuqonda. Ngakho ukujwayela amaphethini kungathuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kobufakazi bokuthi kuyanda ngendlela efanayo emisebenzini engajwayelekile noma kukhuphuka ikhono lilonke. UScharfen nabanye, 2018
Izinkambiso zeminyaka nazo zibalulekile. I-IQ evamile igxile ku-100 eqenjini ngalinye leminyaka; isamba esifanayo samaphuzu aluhlaza asisho ukuthi amaphuzu alungiselwe iminyaka ayafana. Isamba esingalungisiwe sengane noma amaphuzu omuntu omdala ngeke kunikwe iphesentili ngaphandle kwenqubo yesithenjwa efanele. UNeisser nabanye, 1996 Pearson, 2020
Yini edingekayo ukuze kube nesilinganiso esihle?
Imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe yokusebenzisa izivivinyo idinga ubufakazi obusekela incazelo ehlosiwe, ukwenziwa okufanele nokwazi imikhawulo. Ucwaningo lokuthembeka lubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokucabanga usengaveza izilinganiso zomuntu ngamunye ezingaqinisekile. Ishadi elihle alithathi indawo yalezo zici. Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezivivinyo, 2001 UHedge nabanye, 2017
Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile uma umsebenzi omfushane usetshenziselwa ukuchaza umuntu ngelebula. Izinto ezimbalwa zinikeza ukwaziswa okulinganiselwe, futhi isamba esisodwa asikwazi ukuchaza ukuthi iphutha lidalwe ukungaqondi umthetho, ukujaha, ukuphazamiseka noma esinye isizathu. Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo kusekela ukunaka izidingo zokuxazulula kunokuchaza umuntu ngelebula elilodwa. UCarpenter nabanye, 1990
Yini engokoqobo ongayijwayeza?
Ukuzama ukuxazulula izinkinga zamaphethini kungakwenza uwujwayele lo mndeni wemisebenzi. Ubufakazi bokuphinda ukuhlola busekela ukuchaza lokhu njengoshintsho ekusebenzeni okulinganisiwe, kanti izimangalo ezibanzi kufanele zilinde izifundo zokudluliseka kwamakhono. Ayikho imithombo lapha efakazela ukuthi umdlalo we-Helibrain wenza umuntu ahlakaniphe noma uhlonza ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. UScharfen nabanye, 2018 Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezivivinyo, 2001
Ukuze uzibheke ngokwakho, sebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo nemithetho yesikhathi efanayo, bhala ukuthi uke wawubona yini umsebenzi ngaphambilini, bese uchaza umphumela njengamaphuzu ezintweni ezihloliwe. Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi olungcono kunokuthatha iphesenti lamaphuzu aluhlaza njengesikhundla esijwayelekile sobuhlakani. URaven, 2000 Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezivivinyo, 2001
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga ngamaphethini
Zama ukuhlolwa kokucabanga ngamaphethini ukuze ubone ukuthi uyithola kanjani imithetho emaphethini abonakalayo. Funda imiyalelo yesikhathi neyokubala amaphuzu. Amaphuzu awo awumphumela womsebenzi owenziwa ku-inthanethi; ukufana kwawo namaphethini aziwayo akuwuniki izinkambiso noma ukuqinisekiswa komtholampilo kwalezo zivivinyo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukucabanga ngamaphethini akuthonywa isiko?
Ifomethi yezinto engadingi ukukhuluma ayisusi umthelela wezimo. Izinkambiso zamaphethini ezishicilelwe ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezindawo nangesikhathi. URaven, 2000
Ngingawaguqula amaphesenti ezimpendulo ezifanele abe yi-IQ?
Lokho kuchazwa kungasekelwa kuphela ukuguqulwa okuqinisekisiwe okunezinkambiso ezifanele zeminyaka. Umthetho ovamile wesikali se-IQ awukona ukuguqulwa okunjalo. Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezivivinyo, 2001 UNeisser nabanye, 1996
Ingabe ukuzijwayeza kuthinta amaphuzu okucabanga ngamaphethini?
Ukwanda kwamaphuzu kuyenzeka lapho kuphindwa ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okuqonda, ngakho ulwazi lwangaphambilini kufanele lucatshangelwe lapho kuchazwa imiphumela ephindaphindiwe. UScharfen nabanye, 2018
Imithombo
- UNeisser nabanye (1996). Ubuhlakani: Okwaziwayo nokungaziwa..
- Pearson (2020). Umbiko wokuchaza i-WISC-V: Mayelana namaphuzu.
- Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yezivivinyo (2001). Imihlahlandlela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokusebenzisa Izivivinyo.
- URaven (2000). Amaphethini Aqhubekayo kaRaven: Ushintsho nokuzinza kuwo wonke amasiko nezikhathi.
- UCarpenter nabanye (1990). Lokho okukalwa ukuhlolwa okukodwa kobuhlakani: Incazelo yethiyori yokucubungula ekuhlolweni kwamaphethini aqhubekayo kaRaven..
- UHampshire nabanye (2012). Ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zobuhlakani bomuntu.
- UScharfen nabanye (2018). Imiphumela yokuphinda ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okuqonda: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- UHedge nabanye (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi eqinile yokucabanga ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.