Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Isimangalo | Incazelo esekelwe ebufakazini |
|---|---|
| Inkulumo yangaphakathi ikhawulela wonke umuntu ejubaneni lokufunda ekhuluma | Ukufunda buthule nokufunda uphimisela kunezivinini ezingafani; abukho ubufakazi obusekela lokhu kufana okulula |
| Ukususa inkulumo yangaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuqonda okusheshayo | Akukho siqinisekiso esinjalo esijwayelekile esitholakele |
| Ukubuyela emuva kuyisikhathi esimoshekile njalo | Ubufakazi bokuhlola bubonisa ukuthi ukuphinda ufunde kungasiza ukuqonda |
| I-WPM eboniswa phezulu isho ukufunda okungcono njalo | Ukuqonda nakho kudingeka kuhlolwe |
Igama elithi subvocalization lisetshenziswa ngezincazelo ezibanzi. Lingasho izwi langaphakathi umuntu azizwayo, ukunyakaza okuncane okuhlobene nokukhuluma, noma ukucubungula ulimi okusebenzisa izethulo zemisindo. Lezi akuzona izilinganiso ezifanayo. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda ngesivinini kukhuluma ngokucubungula imisindo yolimi futhi kuxwayisa ngokucabanga ukuthi ukungalinaki izwi langaphakathi elizwakalayo kususa izidingo zokucubungula ulimi lapho ufunda. Rayner et al., 2016
Kungani ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo kunganele
Amehlo aqoqa ulwazi olubonakalayo ngokuma ezindaweni ezithile nangokugxuma phakathi kwazo, kodwa ukuqonda kudinga ukubona amagama nokuxhumanisa izincazelo zawo. Ucwaningo lokunyakaza kwamehlo lubonisa ukuthi ukubona imininingwane nokucubungula ulimi kuyasebenzisana. Ukuhambisa isikhombi ngokushesha noma ukuvimbela amehlo ukuba abuyele emuva akufakazeli ukuthi kuqondwe ulwazi olufanayo. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
USchotter nozakwabo bahlola indlela eyenza amagama ayesevele efundiwe angatholakali ukuze aphinde afundwe ngendlela ewusizo. Ukuqonda kwehla. Lokhu akufakazeli ukuthi konke ukubuyela emuva kuyadingeka; kodwa kuyakuphikisa ukuphatha konke ukunyakaza okubuyela emuva njengephutha okufanele lisuswe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Schotter et al., 2014
Kungani ezinye iziqephu zibonakala zifundeka ngokushesha kakhulu
Ukujwayela amagama nolwazi lolimi kushintsha izidingo zokucubungula. Ucwaningo lokuvama kwamagama olimini lwesibili kanye nezifundo zesilulumagama lubonisa ukuthi kungani igama elingajwayelekile noma ulimi ongalujwayele kakhulu kunganciphisa ijubane. Lokhu akuhlukanisi inkulumo yangaphakathi njengembangela, ngisho noma umfundi eqaphela izwi langaphakathi kakhulu lapho efunda iziqephu ezinzima. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kuthiwani ngokufunda ngokuphazima kweso?
Ukufunda ngokuphazima kweso kungasiza uma inhloso kuwukuthola isihloko noma ukuthola umbono ojwayelekile. Kuhlola ulwazi oluncane, ngakho kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwaleyo nhloso. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda ngesivinini kuhlukanisa lo msebenzi nokuqonda wonke umbhalo ngokugcwele ngesivinini esingajwayelekile. Ukufunda umbhalo ngokuphazima kweso ngokushesha akufakazeli ukuthi imininingwane iqondwe ngendlela efanayo. Rayner et al., 2016
Izilinganiso zezinombolo zabantu abadala nazo zinemikhawulo. Zifingqa imisebenzi yesiNgisi, enabahlanganyeli abaningi abafundile; azizona izilinganiso zobudala nobudala zazo zonke izilimi. Izingane, abantu abadala asebekhulile nabafundi bolimi lwesibili akufanele bahlulelwe ngesilinganiso esisodwa noma ngokuthi izwi labo langaphakathi lizwakala lithule kangakanani. Brysbaert, 2019
Yini esekelwayo esikhundleni sokuzama ukucindezela izwi?
Funda izinto ezihambisana nenhloso yakho, uhlole ukuqonda kwakho, futhi ujwayelane nolimi nesihloko. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda kusekela ulwazi nolwazi kahle lolimi njengezinto ezibalulekile, kodwa akubeki isikhathi sokuzilolonga esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu noma ukwanda kwejubane okuqinisekisiwe. Ucwaningo lokuthi mangaki amagama okufanele umuntu awazi nalo luphathelene nokuthi aziwa kangakanani amagama akulo mbhalo othile, hhayi iqhinga lokusheshisa ngokuphazima kweso. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Ukuze uziqhathanisele, sebenzisa iziqephu ongazijwayele futhi uqhathanise ukuqonda kanye nesikhathi. Uma indlela inyusa i-WPM kodwa inciphisa ikhono lakho lokuchaza umbhalo, chaza lokho njengokuhwebelana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. Ukuncipha kwezwi langaphakathi ozizwayo kukodwa akubona ubufakazi bokufunda okuthuthukile. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Inhloso engokoqobo ukuqonda izinto ezifanele ngendlela esebenza kahle. Awukho umthombo ocashuniwe obonisa ukuthi ukucindezela ukukhuluma ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesiphequluli kwandisa ukuhlakanipha ngokujwayelekile noma kususa unomphela imingcele yokucubungula ulimi ehambisana nokufunda. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda
Zama ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda ngaphandle kokuziphoqa ukusebenzisa indlela yokucindezela izwi ongayijwayele. Bhala phansi nokuqonda kanye nejubane. Uma uhlola izindlela ezahlukene zokufunda, thatha umphumela njengokuqhathanisa okuqondene naleso siqephu, hhayi njengesilinganiso esiqinisekisiwe senkulumo yangaphakathi.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukuba nezwi langaphakathi kuwuphawu lokungakwazi ukufunda kahle?
Lokho akusekelwa yisiphetho esijwayelekile salokhu kubuyekezwa. Ukucubungula ulimi okuhlobene nemisindo nokuphimisela igama ngalinye kuhlukene. Rayner et al., 2016
Ingabe kufanele ngigweme ukubuyela emuva ngibheke?
Hhayi njengomthetho osebenza kuzo zonke izimo. Ukuhlola okulawulwayo kwathola ukuthi ukukwazi ukuphinda ufunde kuyasiza ekuqondeni. Schotter et al., 2014
Ngingazijwayeza ukufunda ngokuphazima kweso ngokwehlukana?
Yebo, kodwa kuhlulele njengokukhetha ulwazi oluthile ukuze uthole umbono ojwayelekile noma ucinge okuthile; akufakazeli ukuthi uqonde yonke imininingwane ngejubane elibonisiwe. Rayner et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Ukubuyekezwa nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kwejubane lokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuningi kakhulu okufanele kufundwe, isikhathi sincane kakhulu.
- Rayner (1998). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: iminyaka engu-20 yocwaningo..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: ifa likaKeith Rayner leminyaka engu-40.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Ulwazi lolimi lwesibili lushintsha imiphumela yokuvama kwamagama olimini lokuqala nolwesibili: Ubufakazi obuvela ezilinganisweni zokunyakaza kwamehlo lapho kufundwa izigaba zemvelo.
- Nation (2006). Sidinga isilulumagama esikhulu kangakanani ukuze sifunde futhi silalele?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungakukholwa okufundayo (kanye kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki amagama esiwaziyo? Izilinganiso ezisebenzayo zobukhulu besilulumagama ezincike encazelweni yegama, ezingeni lokuchayeka olimini naseminyakeni yobudala yombambiqhaza.