Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umbuzo wocwaningo | Okwehlukaniswa ubufakazi |
|---|---|
| Ukuphendula izinto engqondweni uma kuqhathaniswa nawo wonke amakhono esikhala | Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yesikhala ikhombisa amaphethini ahlukene emaqenjini |
| Isilinganiso seqembu uma siqhathaniswa nekhono lomuntu ngamunye | Umehluko wezilinganiso awuhlukanisi wonke umuntu |
| Ukusebenza kwamanje uma kuqhathaniswa nokukwazi ukuqeqeshwa | Ucwaningo lokuqeqesha amakhono esikhala luthola ukuthuthuka |
| Isikolo somsebenzi uma siqhathaniswa nobuhlakani obujwayelekile | Umsebenzi owodwa wesikhala awuvezi isithombe esiphelele samakhono okuqonda |
Ukuhlaziywa kukaVoyer nozakwabo kuhlukanisa imiphumela ngokohlobo lokuhlolwa nezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kukaLinn noPetersen nakho kwehlukanisa ukuphendula izinto engqondweni, ukuqonda isikhala nokubona ngeso lengqondo isikhala. Ukubika inombolo eyodwa njengomehluko wobulili kuwo wonke amakhono esikhala kususa lo mehluko obalulekile. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Yini edingwa umsebenzi wokuphendula izinto engqondweni?
Izivivinyo zakudala zikaShepard noMetzler zahlola izinqumo ngezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezizungezisiwe. UVandenberg noKuse bakha isivivinyo sephepha seqembu esinezinto nemithetho yaso yokunikeza amaphuzu. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kusiphequluli okusebenzisa izimo, imikhawulo yesikhathi noma imithetho yokuphendula ehlukile akutholi ngokuzenzakalelayo izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zalezo zivivinyo. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Lokhu kusho nokuthi umehluko wokunemba, wesikhathi sokuqeda nomahluko enanini lezinto okufinyelelwe kuzo ngaphambi komkhawulo wesikhathi akuyona imiphumela engashintshaniswa. Indlela yokwenza isivivinyo iyingxenye yalokho okutholakele, akuyona imininingwane engabalulekile enganakwa. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Umehluko wesilinganiso usho ukuthini ngokufana kwemiphumela?
Awusho ukuthi wonke amadoda enza kangcono kunabo bonke abesifazane, noma ukuthi isikolo somuntu singabikezelwa ngobulili bakhe. Ukubuyekeza kukaHyde kubeka umehluko wamakhono okuqonda phakathi kobulili esimweni esibanzi sokufana okuningi kanye nokwehluka okuncike emsebenzini. Izifinyezo zamaqembu azikhiphi isinqumo ngomuntu ngamunye. Hyde, 2005
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ingabe izifundo ziyayisungula imbangela?
Ukubona umehluko akuhlukanisi imithelela yebhayoloji, yokuhlangenwe nakho, yamasu, yokwakheka kokuhlolwa noma yokusebenzisana kwakho. Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo okukhulunywe ngakho kufingqa imiphumela nezinto eziyishintshayo; akusekeli isimangalo sokuthi kunembangela eyodwa kumuntu ngamunye. Amaphethini okukhula nawo ancike endleleni yokulinganisa, hhayi eminyakeni eyodwa lapho kuvela khona wonke umehluko wamakhono esikhala. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ingabe ukuzilolonga kungathuthukisa ukusebenza?
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo zokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono esikhala kukaUttal nozakwabo kwathola umthelela omaphakathi wokuqeqesha ongu-Hedges' g = 0.47 ngemva kokukhipha imiphumela eyeqile. Ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqeqesha amakhono esikhala, hhayi ukuphendula izinto engqondweni kuphela futhi hhayi umdlalo weHelibrain. Kusekela ukuthi ukusebenza kwamakhono esikhala kungashintsha, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi wonke umuntu uzothuthuka ngokulinganayo noma ukuthi umehluko wamaqembu uzophela ngokuphelele. Uttal et al., 2013
Ucwaningo lokuphinda ukuhlolwa nalo luthola ukuthuthuka emisebenzini yamakhono okuqonda. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthiwe umphumela ongcono kamuva ubangelwe ushintsho olujwayelekile lwekhono, kudingeka ukuqhathanisa okucabangela ukujwayela umsebenzi nokuwuphinda. Scharfen et al., 2018
Kufanele uwuhumushe kanjani umphumela wakho?
Gcina uhlobo lwezinto eziboniswayo, umkhawulo wesikhathi nendlela yokunikeza amaphuzu kungashintshi, bese uhlola isivinini nokunemba ndawonye. Ucwaningo ngokuthembeka luxwayisa ngokuthi umsebenzi wocwaningo oqinile awunikezi ngokuzenzakalelayo izilinganiso ezizinzile zabantu ngabanye. Umphumela owodwa omfushane uwubufakazi obubuthaka bokuthi umuntu unesici esingaguquki samakhono esikhala. Hedge et al., 2017
Indlela eyakhayo yokuwubheka igxile kulowo msebenzi: thola ukuthi yikuphi ukuphenduka noma imithetho ekunzima, bese uhlola intuthuko ezintweni ezintsha kodwa ezifana nalezo ozijwayele. Ubufakazi busekela ukufunda amakhono esikhala, kodwa abuqinisekisi ukuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye. Abusekeli isimangalo sokuthi obunye ubulili abukwazi ukuphendula izinto engqondweni noma sokuthi lo mdlalo ukhulisa ubuhlakani obujwayelekile. Uttal et al., 2013 Hyde, 2005
Inani lemiphumela engu-286 lichaza ububanzi bokuhlaziywa okukodwa komlando. Akufanele lithathwe njengesampula emele abantu namuhla noma njengenani elingasetshenziswa ukubala iphesentili yokuhlolwa kwesiphequluli. Voyer et al., 1995
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokuphendula izinto engqondweni
Zama ukuhlolwa kokuphendula izinto engqondweni, bese uhumu sha isikolo ngokwemiyalelo yako. Qhathanisa imizamo yakho efanayo kunokunikeza umphumela ngokusekelwe embonweni ojwayelekile ngeqembu. Okutholwe ocwaningweni akuhlinzeki ngokulungiswa kwesikolo salo mdlalo okusekelwe ebulilini.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe isilinganiso singangitshela ukuthi ubani ozonqoba?
Cha. Umehluko wesilinganiso seqembu awunqumi imiphumela yokuqhathanisa bonke abantu ngabanye. Hyde, 2005
Ingabe umehluko uyafana kuzo zonke izivivinyo zamakhono esikhala?
Cha. Kokubili ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo kwakudala kwehlukanisa izinhlobo zemisebenzi nemithelela yezindlela zokuhlola. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ingabe ikhono lesikhala lingathuthuka?
Ukuhlaziywa kokuqeqeshwa kusekela ukuthuthuka okumaphakathi ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokuqeqesha amakhono esikhala, kodwa imiphumela iyahlukahluka futhi ukuthuthuka komuntu akuqinisekisiwe. Uttal et al., 2013
Imithombo
- Voyer et al. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables..
- Linn et al. (1985). Emergence and Characterization of Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analysis.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Mental Rotations, a Group Test of Three-Dimensional Spatial Visualization.
- Uttal et al. (2013). The malleability of spatial skills: A meta-analysis of training studies..
- Hyde (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis..
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Retest effects in cognitive ability tests: A meta-analysis.
- Hedge et al. (2017). The reliability paradox: Why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences.