Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Ubufakazi obuchazwe ekubuyekezweni | Umphumela | Umkhawulo wokuchazwa |
|---|---|---|
| Abafundi besiNgisi bakaHirai, iqembu eliqonda kangcono | 139 WPM | Bangaphezu kuka-75% abaphendule imibuzo ngokunembile |
| Ucwaningo olufanayo, elinye iqembu | 61 WPM | Ukusebenza kokuqonda kwakuhlukile |
| Ucwaningo lwenoveli lwabakhuluma isiDashi nesiNgisi | 17% kancane ku-L2 | Isampula nomsebenzi othile wabantu abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili |
Lokhu okutholakele kubikwa esigabeni sokubuyekezwa esikhuluma ngabafundi abangafundi ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ukubuyekezwa kuphawula ngokusobala ukuthi izibalo zocwaningo lwenoveli azivumeli ukubala i-WPM ephelele engase iqhathaniswe ngokuqondile. Kubalulekile ukugcina lo mkhawulo: u-17% akufanele usetshenziswe njengesici sokulungisa esisebenza kubo bonke abafundi bolimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Kungani izinga lolwazi lolimi libaluleke ngaphezu kwelebula elithi L2
Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili kushintsha indlela amagama acutshungulwa ngayo, kuhlanganise nokuzwela ukuthi avame kangakanani. Ucwaningo lukaWhitford noTitone luhlola le miphumela ngokubheka ukunyakaza kwamehlo ngesikhathi kufundwa izigaba. Ngakho abantu ababili abanolimi lokuqala nolwesibili olufanayo bangase babhekane nezidingo ezihlukene zokucubungula ngenxa yokwehluka kokuchayeka kwabo olimini nasezingeni abalwazi ngalo. Whitford et al., 2012
Ulwazi lwamagama luyingxenye yalesi simo. Ucwaningo lokuqonda umbhalo ngemagama lubuza ukuthi mangaki amagama ombhalo othile umfundi awaziyo, kanti izilinganiso zosayizi wesilulumagama zincike ekutheni kubalwa izimo zamagama, iziqu zawo noma imindeni yawo. Isilinganiso esisekelwe enanini lamagama kuphela asikwazi ukubikezela ukufunda ngokushelelayo kwawo wonke umbhalo. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kungani i-WPM ingeke isetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa izilimi ngokuqondile
Izilimi ezahlukene zisebenzisa izinombolo ezahlukene zamagama abhaliwe ukuze ziveze ulwazi olufanayo. Ubude bamagama, ukwakheka kwamagama nezinhlelo zokubhala kuthinta lokho okubaliwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwejubane lokufunda nokunyakaza kwamehlo akusekeli ukuhumusha i-WPM ephansi kolunye ulimi njengophawu lobuhlakani obuphansi noma ukucabanga okuvamile okuhamba kancane. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ubunzima bombhalo nemiyalelo yomsebenzi kuyawushintsha umphumela
Ukufundela ukuzijabulisa, ukufunda ngenhloso yokufunda nokuthola iqiniso elithile kuyimisebenzi ehlukene. Ucwaningo lokunyakaza kwamehlo lubonisa ukuthi ubunzima bamagama nezidingo zokuqonda kuthinta indlela amehlo ahlola ngayo umbhalo. Indaba ejwayelekile nesihloko sobuchwepheshe esingajwayelekile akufanele kuthathwe njengezivivinyo ezifanayo ezikala isivinini esisodwa sokufunda esingaguquki. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Ukubuyela emuva ekufundeni kungasiza umfundi acacise into angaqinisekile ngayo. Ubufakazi bokuhlola obubonisa ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuphinda ufunde kulimaza ukuqonda busikhumbuza ukuthi akufanele sibheke konke ukuma noma ukubuyela emuva ku-L2 njengokungasebenzi kahle okufanele kuncishiswe. Esinye saleso sikhathi esengeziwe singasiza ekuqondeni. Schotter et al., 2014
Ingabe ukuprakthiza kungawuvala umehluko?
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokujwayelana nolimi nokubona amagama kahle, kodwa akusho inani lamahora elisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu ukuze afunde ngolimi lwesibili ngesivinini esilingana nesolimi lokuqala. Lezi zibonelo ezivela ezifundweni ezahlukene nazo azinikezi isibikezelo esisebenzayo sokuqeqeshwa ngokweminyaka nangobulili. Intuthuko kufanele ikalwe ngemisebenzi nezimo zolimi eziqhathanisekayo. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Sebenzisa umbhalo ongawujwayele kodwa ofanele, uhlole ukuthi uwuqondile yini, bese ubhala phansi ulimi nenjongo yesikhathi ngasinye sokukala. Ukufunda umbhalo olula ngokushesha kungaba wusizo, kodwa kukodwa akubonisi ukuthi ikhono lokufunda likhule ngenani elifanayo nasembhalweni onzima. Ukuqhathanisa okunengqondo kugcina ubunzima nenjongo kucishe kufane. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Ngakho impendulo esebenzayo iwububanzi bemiphumela engenzeka, hhayi isiphindaphindi esisodwa. Imiphumela eshicilelwe ethi 139, 61 no-17% ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abacwaningwayo nomsebenzi abawenzayo kubaluleke kangakanani. Kufanele isize ukuchaza umehluko, hhayi ukusungula umkhawulo omusha osebenza kubo bonke abafundi bolimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda
Zama ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda ngolimi oluqondayo, uphendule nemibuzo yokuqonda. Gcina imiphumela yezilimi ezahlukene ihlukene. Izinombolo zocwaningo lwesiNgisi ziyisibonelo nje; aziguquleli izinga lakho lolimi noma i-IQ yakho.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukufunda kancane ngokuphindwe kabili ku-L2 akujwayelekile?
Lezi zifundo azichazi isilinganiso somuntu siqu esingavamile. Ulwazi lolimi, ubunzima bombhalo nenjongo yomsebenzi kuyehluka kakhulu, ngakho akunakufinyelelwa kuleso siphetho. Brysbaert, 2019
Ngingaqhathanisa i-WPM yesiNgisi neyezinye izilimi?
Ungakwenza kuphela uma ucabangela umehluko ezinhlamvwini ezibhaliwe nasenani lolwazi elivezwa yigama ngalinye. I-WPM iyodwa ayinikezi ukuqhathanisa okulinganayo kuzo zonke izilimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Ingabe kufanele ngiziphoqe ukuba ngiyeke ukufunda kabusha?
Ungakwenzi ngokucabanga ukuthi konke ukubuyela emuva kuyingozi. Ukufunda kabusha kungasiza ekuqondeni, okufanele kuhlolwe kanye nejubane. Schotter et al., 2014
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Ukuhlaziywa nokuhlanganiswa kocwaningo lwejubane lokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuningi kakhulu okumelwe kufundwe, isikhathi sincane kakhulu.
- Rayner (1998). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: iminyaka engu-20 yocwaningo.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: ifa likaKeith Rayner leminyaka engu-40.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Ulwazi lolimi lwesibili lushintsha imiphumela yokuvama kwamagama olimini lokuqala nolwesibili: ubufakazi bezilinganiso zokunyakaza kwamehlo lapho kufundwa izigaba zemvelo.
- Nation (2006). Kudingeka isilulumagama esingakanani ukuze kufundwe futhi kulalelwe?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungakholwa okufundayo (kanye kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki amagama esiwaziyo? Izilinganiso ezisebenzayo zobubanzi besilulumagama kuye ngencazelo yegama, izinga lokuchayeka olimini nobudala bomhlanganyeli.