Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umsebenzi obuyekeziwe | Isilinganiso sejubane | Isikhathi esibaliwe samagama angu-1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufunda buthule imibhalo engelona iqiniso | 238 WPM | Cishe imizuzu engu-4 nemizuzwana engu-12 |
| Ukufunda buthule izindaba eziqanjiwe | 260 WPM | Cishe imizuzu engu-3 nemizuzwana engu-51 |
| Ukufunda uphimisela | 183 WPM | Cishe imizuzu engu-5 nemizuzwana engu-28 |
Isilinganiso sokufunda uphimisela sisuselwe ocwaningweni olungu-77 nakubahlanganyeli abangu-5,965. Amaqoqo okufunda buthule nokuphimisela ahlukene ngemibhalo, iziqondiso nabahlanganyeli, ngakho ukususa u-183 ku-238 akufakazeli ukuthi wonke umfundi uzuza u-55 WPM ngokufunda buthule. Futhi isilinganiso seqembu asisho ukuthi umuntu unezwi elihle lokukhuluma, unesifo sokungakwazi ukufunda ngokushelela, noma kufanele afinyelele kulelo jubane. Brysbaert, 2019
Ukukhuluma kwengeza omunye umsebenzi wokukhipha amagama
Ukufunda uphimisela kuhlanganisa ukubona amagama ngamehlo, ukucubungula ulimi nokubiza amagama. Ukufunda buthule kusacubungula ulimi, kodwa akudingeki kulinde ukukhiqizwa komzimba kwegama ngalinye. Ukubuyekezwa kokunyakaza kwamehlo kuchaza ukusebenzisana kokubheka ngamehlo nokucubungula ulimi; akukho kulokhu okuwukuhambisa amehlo nje emgqeni. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Lo mehluko awusho ukuthi ukufunda buthule akunazo izethulo ezihlobene nomsindo. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda ngesivinini kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukususa izwi langaphakathi kungakafakazelwa njengendlela evamile yokufinyelela ekuqondeni okushesha ngokwedlulele. Ukungakhulumi kuzwakale nokungacubunguli imisindo yolimi kuyizimangalo ezingafani. Rayner et al., 2016
Iyiphi indlela eyenza ukuqonda kube ngcono?
Lezi zilinganiso ezimbili zejubane azikwazi ukuphendula lowo mbuzo ngokwazo. Ukuqonda kuncike kokufundwayo, enjongweni nakumfundi. Ucwaningo oluhlola ukuvimbela ukufunda kabusha lubonisa ukuthi ukubuyela emagameni kungasiza ekuqondeni; umyalelo oqinile wokugcina ijubane eliphezulu unganciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokucubungula kunoma iyiphi indlela. Schotter et al., 2014
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani iminyaka nolimi kushintsha ukuqhathanisa
Ukubuyekezwa kuthola izivinini ezingafani ezinganeni, kubantu abadala asebekhulile nakubafundi bolimi lwesibili. Ulwazi lwamagama nolwazi lolimi luthinta ukubona amagama, kanti ucwaningo lolimi lwesibili lubonisa ukuthi imithelela yokuvama kwamagama incike kulwazi lomfundi lolimi ngalunye. Ngakho-ke, izivinini zomfundi zokufunda ephimisa nethule azidingi ukufana nomehluko wezilinganiso zabantu abadala abafunda isiNgisi ezihlanganisiwe. Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012
Ukubona amagama owaziyo nakho akufani nokuwakhiqiza ngokushelelayo lapho ukhuluma. Izilinganiso zamagama aziwayo zincike ekutheni kubalwa ini njengegama, kanti ukuqonda umbhalo kuncike ekutheni yimaphi amagama avela kulowo mbhalo othile. Lezi yizizathu zokugwema ukusebenzisa inombolo eyodwa ye-WPM yokufunda uphimisela njengesinqumo esijwayelekile ngobuchule bolimi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Yini engokoqobo ongazilolongela yona?
Khetha indlela ehambisana nomsebenzi: ukwethula uphimisela nokufundela ukuqonda uwedwa kusebenzisa amakhono athile afanayo kodwa futhi ahlukile. Qhathanisa izinto ezifanayo bese uhlola ukuqonda kwakho. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda kusekela ukuhumusha okuhambisana nomsebenzi othile, hhayi isincomo esivamile sokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele afunde ngendlela eyodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016
Ukuze uziqhathanisele ngokungahlelekile, sebenzisa iziqephu ongakazifundi ezinobunzima obufanayo, futhi gwema ukufunda uphimisela isiqephu osanda kusifunda buthule. Ukujwayela umbhalo kungaphazamisa ukuqhathanisa. Bheka umphumela njengokuqaphela ngalezo ziqephu, hhayi njengokuhlolwa okuqinisekisiwe kobuhlakani bakho bangempela noma isithembiso esisebenza kuzo zonke izincwadi. CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998
Uma ijubane lishintsha, cacisa ukuthi lisho ukuthini: ukufunda ngokushesha nokuqonda okunciphile kuwumphumela ohlukile kunokufunda ngokushesha nokuqonda okufanayo. Inombolo yejubane iyodwa ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa le miphumela. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda
Zama ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda njengomsebenzi wokufunda buthule, bese usebenzisa imibuzo yakho yokuqonda. Akukali ukushelela kokufunda uphimisela. Uma ukala isikhathi sokufunda uphimisela ngokwehlukana, kubhale ngokucacile ukuthi kuwumsebenzi ohlukile.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukufunda uphimisela kufanele kube ngu-183 WPM?
Leso yisilinganiso esihlanganisiwe, akusona isidingo. Umbhalo, iziqondiso, izici zabahlanganyeli nenjongo kuthinta umphumela. Brysbaert, 2019
Ingabe ukufunda buthule kuqeda izwi langaphakathi?
Cha. Ukubuyekezwa kokufunda ngesivinini kuhlukanisa izwi langaphakathi elihlobene nolimi nokubiza wonke amagama uphimisela. Rayner et al., 2016
Ingabe ukuhlolwa kokufunda buthule kungahlola ikhono lami lokukhuluma?
Akukwazi ukufakazela lokho ngesivinini sokufunda sodwa. Ukukhuluma uphimisela kunezidingo ezengeziwe ezingalinganiswa yisikhathi sokuqeda umsebenzi buthule. CLIFTON et al., 2015
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Ukubuyekeza nokuhlaziywa ngokuhlanganisiwe kwejubane lokufunda.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuningi kakhulu okufanele kufundwe, isikhathi sincane kakhulu.
- Rayner (1998). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: iminyaka engu-20 yocwaningo..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ekufundeni nasekucubunguleni ulwazi: ifa likaKeith Rayner leminyaka engu-40.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Ulwazi lolimi lwesibili lushintsha imithelela yokuvama kwamagama olimini lokuqala nolwesibili: Ubufakazi obuvela ezilinganisweni zokunyakaza kwamehlo ngesikhathi sokufunda izigaba ngokwemvelo.
- Nation (2006). Kudingeka ulwazi lwamagama olungakanani ukuze kufundwe futhi kulalelwe?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungakukholwa Okufundayo (Uma Ukufunde Kanye Kuphela).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki amagama esiwaziyo? Izilinganiso ezisebenzayo zobukhulu besilulumagama ezincike encazelweni yegama, ezingeni lokuchayeka olimini naseminyakeni yomhlanganyeli.