Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Inombolo | Ivelaphi | Engakufakazeli |
|---|---|---|
| Ngaphansi kuka-100 ms | Amaphuzu okungatshazwa kwawo | Ukuthi isignali iyona ebangele impendulo |
| 110 ms | Umkhawulo ophansi wesikhathi sokuphendula ocwaningweni olulodwa lokubona | Umkhawulo osebenza kuzo zonke izimpendulo zabantu |
| 231 ms | Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokusabela esilula esibonakalayo esikalwe kulolo cwaningo | Umgomo noma izinga elithile lemiphumela yesiphequluli sakho |
UWoods nozakwabo basebenzisa izikhathi zokuvela kwesignali ezingalindelekile, izivivinyo zokuprakthiza kanye nesikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuphendula ukuze banqume ukuthi iziphi izenzakalo ezibalwayo. Lezi zinqumo zisiza ukulinganisa impendulo esignalini, kunempendulo efike ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngesikhathi esingafanele. Leli phepha liphinde lalungisa imiphumela ngokubala ukubambezeleka kwemishini, okubonisa ukuthi kungani isikhathi esirekhodwa yisofthiwe singeke sithathwe kalula njengesikhathi sesehlakalo esenzeka emzimbeni. Woods et al., 2015
Ukusabela nokubikezela kuyizenzo ezihlukene
Uma isenzakalo esilandelayo sibikezeleka, umuntu angalungiselela ukunyakaza singakenzeki. Ngakho impendulo esondelene nesikhathi esilindelekile ingenzeka isondelene kakhulu naleso senzakalo, kodwa ingaqalanga ngemva kokusibona. Lokhu akufani nombuzo wesikhathi sokusabela esilula esignalini entsha evela ngokungalindelekile. Imiyalelo yomsebenzi nesikhathi sokuvela kwezimpawu kubalulekile ukuze kuchazwe isikhathi esifushane ngokungavamile. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Impendulo yokukhetha idinga nokukhetha isenzo. Ucwaningo olwaziwayo ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuphendula lubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka komsebenzi kuthinta isikhathi sokuphendula; isikhathi esincane esishiwo ngomdlalo olula wokubona akufanele sisetshenziswe emdlalweni odinga izinqumo phakathi kwezenzo eziningi. Hick, 1952
Kungani iphuzu elilodwa elimangalisayo lingebona ubufakazi obuqinile
Umphumela oshesha kakhulu uyinani eliseceleni kwemiphumela. Ukuphinda umsebenzi izikhathi eziningi kwandisa amathuba okuthola umphumela ongajwayelekile, impendulo elindele isignali, noma iphutha lokulinganisa. Ucwaningo ngemiphumela yesikhathi sokusabela eyeqisayo luchaza ukuthi kungani abacwaningi bebeka imithetho yokuphatha le miphumela esikhundleni sokuthatha inombolo ngayinye eboniswayo njengobufakazi obunamandla ngokulinganayo. Ratcliff, 1993
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ukunemba kwedivayisi akufakazeli ukunemba ngokomzimba
Iziphequluli zingarekhoda izikhathi ezinemininingwane emincane, kodwa ukulungiswa kwesikhathi akufani nokunemba kokwazi ukuthi isignali ebonakalayo iqale nini nokuthi umuntu ufake nini impendulo. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamapulatifomu kubonisa kokubili ukwehluka kwezikhathi nokungaguquguquki kwazo. Umphumela onezindawo eziningi zamadesimali awusho ukuthi uyisilinganiso esinembile kakhulu sempendulo yakho kusignali oyibonayo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Akulungile futhi ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwemishini okuvela kolunye uhlelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kuphikwe umphumela othile. Ukulinganisa kusebenza emishinini elinganisiwe. Ngaphandle kwakho, akuqinisekile ukuthi amaphutha esikhathi ohlelweni lwakho makhulu kangakanani nokuthi aya ngakuphi. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Okufanele ukwenze ngomphumela oshesha ngokungavamile
Bheka lonke uhlelo lokuzama nemithetho yalo: ingabe kube nezimpendulo ezingaphambi kwesikhathi, ingabe izikhathi bezibikezeleka, futhi ingabe inombolo ibiyisilinganiso esincane noma isilinganiso esivamile? Qhathanisa uhlobo olufanayo lwesilinganiso enanini elingaguquki lemizamo. Ungakhulisi inani lemizamo bese uhumusha umphumela omusha oshesha kakhulu sengathi indlela yokuhlola ayikashintshi. Ucwaningo ngenani lezivivinyo lubonisa ukuthi izici zesilinganiso zincike kudatha eqoqiwe nasembuzweni obuzwayo. Miller, 2023 Ratcliff, 1993
Umphumela owodwa nawo awusho lukhulu ngesici somuntu esihlala sizinzile. Ukuthembeka kwesilinganiso kufanele kuboniswe, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzi usetshenziselwa ukukala abantu ngokulandelana. Isiphetho esifanele ukuthi kwenzeke into engavamile kulo mdlalo; ukuqinisekisa ukusabela komuntu okuvelele kudinga ukulinganisa okulawulwayo. Hedge et al., 2017
Akukho sizathu lapha sokubiza umuntu ngomkhohlisi, sokuxilonga inkinga noma sokubeka umkhawulo oqinile osebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Umehluko obalulekile uphakathi kwesikhathi esibonisiwe nobufakazi bokuthi isenzakalo esisha sezinzwa yiso esibangele impendulo. Woods et al., 2015 Bridges et al., 2020
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokusabela
Zama ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokusabela, ulandele imiyalelo yokulinda isignali. Humusha lonke uhlelo oluqediwe, kuhlanganise nezimpendulo zangaphambi kwesikhathi, kunokuthatha umphumela owodwa oshesha kakhulu njengobufakazi bejubane lakho lokusabela.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe wonke amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-100 ms awenzeki?
Le mithombo ayibeki umkhawulo ophelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpendulo. Ibonisa ukuthi kungani umphumela owodwa wesiphequluli ungabanele ukufakazela ukusabela okubonakalayo okungahleliwe. Woods et al., 2015
Kungani izifundo zingazamukeli izimpendulo ezishesha kakhulu?
Zibeka izikhathi ezamukelekayo zokuphendula ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yezenzakalo ezingameleli indlela yokuphendula ehloswe ukukalwa. Isikhathi esithile sincike ekuhlolweni. Woods et al., 2015 Ratcliff, 1993
Ngingaqhathanisa umphumela wokubona nomthetho wokuqala emdlalweni?
Yebo, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe umehluko wesignali, wokunyakaza nowohlelo lokulinganisa. Umthetho osebenza esimweni esisodwa awusona isilinganiso esilinganisiwe sesinye. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2015). Izinto ezithinta ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi sokusabela esilula.
- Woods et al. (2015). Ukwehla kwejubane okuhambisana nobudala ekukhetheni nasekukhiqizeni impendulo emsebenzini wesikhathi sokusabela esibonakalayo sokukhetha.
- Hick (1952). Ngezinga lokwanda kolwazi.
- Ratcliff (1993). Izindlela zokubhekana nemiphumela eyeqisayo yesikhathi sokusabela.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukunemba nokucophelela kwangempela kwamapulatifomu okuhlola aku-inthanethi, iziphequluli zewebhu namadivayisi.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Ucwaningo olukhulu lokuqhathanisa izikhathi: ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokuhlola, ezenziwa elebhu nezenziwa ku-inthanethi.
- Miller (2023). Bangaki ababambiqhaza? Zingaki izivivinyo? Ukukhulisa amandla ezifundo zesikhathi sokusabela.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda enokwethenjelwa ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.