Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Ukuqhathanisa ekuhlaziyweni kwezifundo eziningi | Ushintsho olumaphakathi olulinganisiwe | Ububanzi bokwethembeka obungu-95% |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokwesibili | 0.327 | 0.278 kuya ku-0.375 |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokwesithathu | 0.495 | 0.406 kuya ku-0.585 |
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokwesine | 0.516 | 0.401 kuya ku-0.631 |
Lena imiphumela yeThebula 2. Ukuqhathanisa kokuqala kwakuhlanganisa izifundo ezingu-122 nabahlanganyeli abangu-153,185; ukuqhathanisa okwalandela kwakuhlanganisa amaqoqo amancane. Akufanele kuthathwe njengendlela yokufunda yeqembu elilodwa labantu noma kuqagelwe ukuthi kuzoqhubeka njalo. Umphumela uwushintsho olumaphakathi olulinganisiwe ezivivinyweni ezihlukahlukene zokuqonda, hhayi isibikezelo esiqondile somphumela wakho olandelayo we-IQ. Scharfen et al., 2018
Yini engathuthuka lapho uphinda uhlolwa?
Ukujwayela imiyalelo, izinhlobo zemibuzo, amasu nesimo sokuhlolwa kungathinta indlela owenza ngayo. Ucwaningo lokuphinda kuhlolwe lubheka izici ezishintsha imiphumela ngoba ubukhulu bokukhula buya ngenqubo nangesikhathi esiphakathi kokuhlolwa. Umphumela ongcono okwesibili awubonisi ukuthi iyiphi inqubo eshintshile, futhi awufakazeli ukwanda okuvamile kobuhlakani. Scharfen et al., 2018
Imibuzo yamaphethini ikhombisa le nkinga: ukuyixazulula kudinga ukuthola nokuhlanganisa imithetho. Ukwazi uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi noma ukukhumbula umbuzo kungashintsha lokho okulinganiswa ekuhlolweni okulandelayo. Ukuhlaziya kukaCarpenter nozakwabo kubheka izimfuno zokucabanga, kanti ukubuyekeza kukaRaven kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezilinganiso ezifanele. Carpenter et al., 1990 Raven, 2000
Ngingasusa inani elimisiwe ngenxa yokuzilolonga?
Cha, umphumela ohlanganisiwe awunikezi ukulungisa komuntu ngamunye okusebenza kuzo zonke izimo. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso seqembu kumuntu oyedwa akubheki umehluko wezivivinyo, lokho umuntu ake akubona nezimo zokuphinda ahlolwe. Imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa izivivinyo idinga ukuthi imiphumela ihunyushwe ngokufanele kulokho kuhlolwa nangendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo; ukususa inani elimisiwe okungasekelwe akufakazeli ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuvumelekile. International Test Commission, 2001
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani kuyingozi ukuguqula umphumela ube amaphuzu e-IQ
Ukuphindaphinda umphumela olinganisiwe ngo-15 kungabonakala kulula, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo kuhlanganisa imiphumela ehlukene yokuqonda futhi kusebenzisa indlela yako yokulinganisa. Isivumelwano esivamile se-IQ sokuthi isilinganiso singu-100 nokuphambuka okujwayelekile kungu-15 asisho ukuthi yonke imiphumela yocwaningo ilingana noshintsho olufanayo lomuntu ngamunye emaphuzwini e-IQ. Sebenzisa isilinganiso somphumela esinikeziwe kunokuba uqambe inani eliqondile lokukhula. Scharfen et al., 2018 Neisser et al., 1996
Umbiko wamaphuzu wokuhlolwa okuqashelwayo uhlanganisa nokungaqiniseki kokulinganisa. Umehluko phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili abikiwe kufanele uhunyushwe kusetshenziswa imithetho yokuhlolwa, isikhathi esiphakathi kanye nolwazi lokwethembeka, hhayi ngokuqhathanisa amagama amaphuzu kuphela. Pearson, 2020
Ingabe amaphuzu azinzile ayayixazulula le nkinga?
Ukuthembeka kwemiphumela nokuzilolonga yizinto ezingafani. Ukuhlolwa kungaba noshintsho olungaguquki lapho kuphindwa, kodwa kugcine ukuhleleka kwabantu ngokwamaphuzu; noma kubonise umehluko omkhulu ongaguquguquki phakathi kwabantu nakuba umphumela wayo omaphakathi uzinzile. Ucwaningo lwendida yokuthembeka lusikhumbuza ukuthi lezi zici zokulinganisa kufanele zihlolwe ngokwehlukana. Hedge et al., 2017
Ucwaningo olubanzi lokucabanga luphinde luhlukanise izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zendlela umuntu enza ngayo. Iqoqo lemibuzo yamaphethini elijwayelekile alihloli zonke izici zokucabanga, ngakho ukuthuthuka emsebenzini owodwa akufakazeli ushintsho olulinganayo enkumbulweni, ekhonweni lokusebenzisa amagama nasekucabangeni. Hampshire et al., 2012
Yini enengqondo lapho ulandela intuthuko?
Bhala phansi izivivinyo owake wazenza, uhlobo lokuhlolwa nesikhathi esiphakathi kokuhlolwa. Uma ukuhlolwa kunemiphumela ebalulekile, landela imithetho yokuphinda uhlolwe ebekwe umuntu ophethe ukuhlolwa. Emidlalweni yokuzijabulisa, chaza intuthuko njengokwenza kangcono kuleyo misebenzi, futhi ungahlanganisi izinto osuziphindile noma osuzikhumbulile nezinto ongakaze uzibone. Lokhu kugcina ikhono olitholile lingachazwa ngokweqile. International Test Commission, 2001 Scharfen et al., 2018
I-IQ iyaqhubeka nokulinganiswa ngokweminyaka, ngesilinganiso esingu-100 emaqenjini eminyaka; ukuphinda uhlolwe akushintshi leso sivumelwano. Umbuzo uwukuthi ingabe iphuzu elisha limelela ngokufanele ikhono elihlosiwe ngaphansi kwezimo okwenziwe ngazo ukuhlolwa. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ
Zama imisebenzi efana neye-IQ uma ufuna ukuyihlola, bese ubhala phansi imizamo yangaphambilini lapho uqhathanisa imiphumela. Ukujwayela ngokuphinda kuyingxenye yokuhumusha imiphumela. Amaphuzu aphezulu emdlalweni awafakazeli ukuthi ubuhlakani bakho obujwayelekile bukhuphukile.
Imibuzo evamile
Mangaki amaphuzu e-IQ engizowazuza?
Ushintsho olumaphakathi oluhlanganisiwe alunikezi isiqinisekiso sokuthi umuntu uzozuza inani elithile lamaphuzu e-IQ. Izivivinyo nezimo zokuphinda kuhlolwe ziyehluka. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ingabe ukukhula kuyaqhubeka unomphela?
Izilinganiso zokuhlolwa okwalandela zisekelwe emaqoqweni amancane, futhi azisekeli ukuqagela ukuthi ukukhula kuzoqhubeka unomphela. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ingabe ukukhumbula izimpendulo kwenza ukuqhathanisa kungasasebenzi?
Kushintsha lokho iphuzu elilandelayo elingakubonisa mayelana nokuxazulula izinto ongazijwayele. Ukuhumusha kufanele kubheke lokho umuntu ake akubona nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kokuhlolwa. International Test Commission, 2001
Imithombo
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubuhlakani: lokho okwaziwayo nalokho okungaziwa..
- Pearson (2020). Umbiko wokuhumusha we-WISC-V: mayelana namaphuzu.
- International Test Commission (2001). Imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe yokusebenzisa izivivinyo.
- Raven (2000). Amathebula kaRaven Okuqhubekayo: ushintsho nokuzinza emasikweni nasesikhathini.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Lokho okukalwa ukuhlolwa okukodwa kobuhlakani: incazelo yethiyori yokucubungula ku-Raven Progressive Matrices Test..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zobuhlakani bomuntu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Imiphumela yokuphinda kuhlolwe ezivivinyweni zekhono lokuqonda: ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda enokwethenjelwa ingavezi umehluko ozinzile phakathi kwabantu.