Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Iphuzu eliyisibonelo | Ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okungaphezu kuka-100 | Iphesenti ezingeni lemvelo |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 0 | 50.00 |
| 115 | 1 | 84.13 |
| 130 | 2 | 97.72 |
| 145 | 3 | 99.87 |
Isibalo sisebenzisa u-z = (iphuzu − 100) / 15 nokusabalala okujwayelekile okuqoqekayo, okuzungezwe kwaba izindawo ezimbili zamadesimali. Ukuphakathi okungu-100 ne-SD engu-15 kuyizivumelwano zesikali ezivamile. Izincwadi zangempela zokuhlola zinquma izinkambiso ezifanele, amabanga amaphuzu nencazelo yawo; ijika lezibalo elivamile aliqinisekisi ukuhlolwa okusha. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Iphesenti ezingeni alisho iphesenti lezimpendulo ezifanele
Iphesenti ezingeni lichaza isikhundla somuntu phakathi kokusatshalaliswa kweqembu eliyisithenjwa. Alisho ukuthi umuntu uphendule lelo phesenti lemibuzo ngendlela efanele noma unalelo phesenti lakho konke ukuhlakanipha. Imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa izivivinyo idinga iqembu elifanele eliyisithenjwa nobufakazi obusekela incazelo ehlosiwe yephuzu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphesenti ezingeni lingabonakala linembe kakhulu kunesisekelo salo. International Test Commission, 2001
Yini eshintshayo ngokuya ngeminyaka?
I-IQ ilinganiswa ngokwezinkambiso zeminyaka yobudala: esikalini esivamile, ukuphakathi kweqembu ngalinye lobudala kungu-100. Ingane nomuntu omdala bangathola iphuzu elifanayo elilungiselwe iminyaka yobudala nakuba bephendula imibuzo ehlukene noma bethola amaphuzu angacutshungulwanga ahlukene. Ngakho izibalo zemodeli evamile azichazi ijika lokusebenza impilo yonke elingalungiselwanga iminyaka yobudala. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Izinkambiso zincike nasekuhlolweni, emphakathini nasesikhathini. Ukubuyekezwa kuka-Raven kubonisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinkambiso zokuhlolwa kwamaphethini ezindaweni nasezikhathini ezihlukahlukene. Iphuzu elivela ohlolweni olulodwa akufanele lithathwe sengathi zonke izivivinyo nawo wonke amatafula ezinkambiso omlando anezici zokulinganisa ezifanayo. Raven, 2000
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani kudingeka ukunakekela okwengeziwe emaphethelweni angavamile kakhulu
Amasampula amancane ezinkambiso anolwazi oluqondile oluncane ngamaphuzu angavamile kakhulu. Ngakho iphesenti elikhangayo elisemaphethelweni lingase lithembele nasekucabangeleni kwemodeli kanye nasekubonweni kwangempela. Imihlahlandlela yokusebenzisa izivivinyo idinga ubufakazi obufanele isiphetho esenziwayo, futhi ukungaqiniseki okushiwo embikweni wephuzu kunolwazi olungcono kunokuthatha idesimali yokugcina njengento eqondile ngokuphelele. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Ingabe iphuzu lephazili yamaphethini lichaza yonke i-IQ?
U-Carpenter nozakwabo bahlaziya izinqubo zokucabanga ezisetshenziswa emaphethinini ka-Raven. Lokhu kunikeza incazelo-mbono yomndeni obalulekile wemisebenzi, kodwa akuvumeli ukuguqula noma yiliphi inani lamaphazili enziwe umuntu libe yi-IQ ephelele elinganiselwe ngezinkambiso. Ucwaningo ngesakhiwo sokusebenza kwengqondo luphinde luxwayise ngokucabanga ukuthi yonke imisebenzi ikala isici esisodwa esifanayo sekhono. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012
Kuthiwani ngokuphinda ukuhlolwa nephutha lokulinganisa?
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi kuthola ukwanda okuhlelekile kwamaphuzu lapho kuphindwa ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okuqonda. Ngakho umphumela wokuhlolwa okuphindwayo ungabonisa ukujwayela kanye nokunye ukuhluka. Ucwaningo lokwethembeka luphinde luveze ukuthi kudingeka kuhlolwe ukuzinza kwamaphuzu emisebenzi nokwehluka kwawo ngaphambi kokukuthatha njengezici zomuntu ngamunye. Lezi zinkinga azilungiswa ngokubonisa amadesimali amaningi ephetheni yezinga. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017
Uma usebenzisa ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni, bheka umbiko wako, izinkambiso zeminyaka yobudala nesikhawu sokuzethemba. Emsebenzini wokuhlola ku-inthanethi owenziwa ngenjongo yokuhlola nje, ungadlulisi incazelo yomphumela ngale kwalokho okusekelwa ukuqinisekiswa kwawo. Lezi zibonelo zezibalo zichaza isikali esivamile; azisekeli ukutshela umdlali ukuthi uhlakaniphe kunamaphesenti athile abantu. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Umehluko obalulekile usekuqondeni ukuthi iphesenti ezingeni libalwa kanjani nasekubeni nobufakazi bokuthi iphuzu elithile lingabekwa kulelo jika. Kokubili kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa abantu. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ
Zama ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ ukuze uhlole imisebenzi yako. Cabangela isilinganiso sakhona esiku-inthanethi ngokwemikhawulo eshiwo. Ithebula lamaphesenti ezinga lapha lichaza isikali esivamile esicatshangwayo, futhi aliqinisekisi izinkambiso ezimele ze-Helibrain.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe u-130 usho ukuthi izimpendulo ezingu-130% zilungile?
Cha. Esikalini esishiwo, kungukuchezuka okujwayelekile okubili ngaphezu kokuphakathi; ukubala iphesenti ezingeni kuyisibalo esihlukile. Neisser et al., 1996
Ingabe i-IQ engu-100 iyisilinganiso kuyo yonke iminyaka yobudala?
Yebo, ngokwesivumelwano sesikali esinezinkambiso zeminyaka yobudala. Ukusebenza okungacutshungulwanga emisebenzini kusengashintsha ngokukhula. Pearson, 2020
Ngingalisebenzisa leli thebula kunoma yiliphi iphuzu lokuhlolwa ku-inthanethi?
Cha. Ukuhlolwa kudinga izinkambiso ezifanele nobufakazi bokuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba amaphuzu ako achazwe kusetshenziswa lokho kusabalala. International Test Commission, 2001
Imithombo
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ukuhlakanipha: Okuyaziwayo nokungaziwa..
- Pearson (2020). Umbiko wencazelo ye-WISC-V: Mayelana namaphuzu.
- International Test Commission (2001). Imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe yokusebenzisa izivivinyo.
- Raven (2000). Amamethriksi aqhubekayo ka-Raven: Ushintsho nokuzinza kuwo wonke amasiko nezikhathi.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Okukalwa ukuhlolwa okukodwa kokuhlakanipha: Incazelo-mbono yokucutshungulwa kokuhlolwa kwamamethriksi aqhubekayo ka-Raven..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Ukuhlukanisa ukuhlakanipha komuntu kube izingxenye.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Imiphumela yokuphinda ukuhlolwa ezivivinyweni zamakhono okuqonda: Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokwethembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda ezinzile ingakhiqizi umehluko womuntu ngamunye othembekile.