Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umphumela oyisibonelo | Isikhathi esidlulile | Izinga elibalwa ngezinhlamvu |
|---|---|---|
| Izinhlamvu ezingu-150 ezibaliwe | Imizuzwana engu-60 | 30 WPM |
| Izinhlamvu ezingu-300 ezibaliwe | Imizuzwana engu-60 | 60 WPM |
| Izinhlamvu ezingu-300 ezibaliwe | Imizuzwana engu-30 | 120 WPM |
Lezi yizibalo ezibonisiwe, akuzona izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zabahlanganyeli. Ifomula ithi izinhlamvu ezibaliwe zihlukaniswe ngo-5, bese kuhlukaniswa ngemizuzu edlulile. Iyunithi engaguquki yezinhlamvu yenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa imibhalo enobude obuhlukene obumaphakathi bamagama kunokubala ngokuqondile amagama ahlukaniswe ngezikhala. Ucwaningo olukhulu lokuthayipha kukhompuyutha yedeskithophu nakuselula lusebenzisa le ndlela. Dhakal et al., 2018 Palin et al., 2019
Ijubane lokufaka umbhalo nengxenye ewusizo kuyizilinganiso ezingafani
Abantu ababili bangabhala inani elifanayo lezinhlamvu kodwa bashiye inani elihlukile lombhalo onamaphutha. Ucwaningo lwamaphutha luhlukanisa amaphutha asele kulawo alungisiwe, futhi lubheka nokushaywa kwezinkinobho okwengeziwe okusetshenziswe ukuwalungisa. Iphesenti lokunemba eliboniswayo lingase lingafaki wonke amaphutha enziwe ngesikhathi sokuthayipha. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Soukoreff et al., 2001
Ayikho ifomula eyodwa yendawo yonke yokubala i-WPM esele ngemva kokucabangela amaphutha. Ukuhlolwa kungabala umbhalo okopishwe kahle, kudonse amaphuzu ngenxa yamaphutha, noma kubike isivinini kanye nesilinganiso samaphutha esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukuphindaphinda i-WPM eluhlaza yanoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi ngephesenti layo lokunemba akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzothola amaphuzu asemthethweni. Funda incazelo yamaphuzu yaleyo webhusayithi. Soukoreff et al., 2003 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Yisiphi isikhathi esibalwayo?
Ukubala isikhathi kusukela ekushayweni kwenkinobho kokuqala kuye kokokugcina kwehlukile ekubaleni isikhathi seseshini esinqunyiwe esifaka nokulungiselela kwasekuqaleni. Umehluko omncane wesikhathi ubaluleka kakhulu uma isampula sifushane kakhulu. Ucwaningo lweselula luchaza ngokucacile isikhathi esibalwayo, bese luthola isilinganiso sezilinganiso zemisho zomsebenzisi ngamunye, kunokuthatha ukushaywa kwezinkinobho okumbalwa okusheshayo njengezinga eliqhubekayo. Palin et al., 2019
Umsebenzi wokukopisha umbhalo nawo uhlinzeka ngamazwi. Ukubhala i-imeyili kudinga ukukhetha nokuhlela okuqukethwe kanye nokukuthayipha. Ucwaningo lwakudala lokuthayipha luhlukanisa izingxenye zokubona, zokucabanga nezomzimba, ngakho i-WPM yokukopisha umbhalo akufanele ibizwe kabusha ngokuthi isilinganiso sekhwalithi yokubhala noma somsebenzi oqediwe ngehora. Salthouse, 1986
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani imiphumela ihluka phakathi kokuhlolwa
Ubunzima bombhalo, izimpawu zokuloba, ulimi, ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu okujwayelekile nendlela yokufaka umbhalo kushintsha okudingeka kwenziwe ngumhlanganyeli. Ucwaningo olusebenzisa ukuqopha ukunyakaza lwathola ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezindlela abantu abathayipha ngazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke; nocwaningo olukhulu lwekhompuyutha yedeskithophu lwahlola amaphethini okushaya izinkinobho kunokucabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu usebenzisa indlela efanayo. Ukuqhathanisa izibalo ezimbili ze-WPM ngaphandle kokucabangela lezi zimo kungadukisa. Feit et al., 2016 Dhakal et al., 2018
Ukuhlobana kweminyaka nokusetshenziswa kolimi kudathasethi yeselula kuveza izici zesampula esazikhethela sona. Akubeki izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zeminyaka noma zobulili kubo bonke abantu nasemakhibhodini wonke emhlabeni. Ikhibhodi ebonakalayo nesikrini sokuthinta kuyimisebenzi ehlukene yokufaka umbhalo, ngakho imiphumela yako kufanele ilandelwe ngokwehlukana. Palin et al., 2019
Indlela yokusebenzisa lesi sibalo kahle
Gcina uhlobo lombhalo, ubude besikhathi, idivayisi nemithetho yokulungisa amaphutha kungashintshi lapho uqhathanisa amaphuzu akho. Landela amaphutha noma ukunemba kanye nezinga lokuthayipha. Lokhu kuhambisana nokugcizelela kwezincwadi zocwaningo ngokuchaza kokubili isivinini nokunemba, kunokuqamba izinga elilodwa lokunemba elisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Soukoreff et al., 2003 MacKenzie and Soukoreff, 2002
Ucwaningo lokuzijwayeza kubantu abathayipha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke luhlobanisa ikhono nezinhlobo zokuzijwayeza ezibikwa abantu, kodwa aluqinisekisi ukuthi wonke umuntu uzothuthuka ngezinga elithile. Umphumela osheshayo kumbhalo ophindwayo ungase ubangelwe ukuwujwayela lowo mbhalo. Ukuze uhlole ushintsho olubanzi ekuthayipheni, sebenzisa imibhalo emisha efanayo ngobunzima kanye nencazelo efanayo yamaphuzu. Keith et al., 2007 Salthouse, 1986
Ukubala kulula uma amayunithi ecacile. Okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlamvu ezibalwayo, ukuthi isikhathi siqala futhi siphela nini, nokuthi amaphutha aboniswa kanjani. Ngaphandle kwale mininingwane, izinombolo ze-WPM ezifanayo zingase zingasho ukusebenza okufanayo. Soukoreff et al., 2003 Palin et al., 2019
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokuthayipha
Zama ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokuthayipha bese ufunda ndawonye ubude besikhathi obubonisiwe, indlela yokufaka umbhalo, izinga elingakalungiswa namaphesenti okunemba. Thatha indlela yokubala yalokho kuhlolwa njengencazelo esebenza kuleyo seshini. Gcina imiphumela yesikrini sokuthinta neyekhibhodi ebonakalayo ngokwehlukana.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe izikhala ziyabalwa?
Indlela evamile ocwaningweni ibala izinhlamvu, kuhlanganise nezikhala embhalweni olinganiswayo. Kusadingeka kucaciswe umbhalo obaliwe kanye nomthetho wesikhathi. Dhakal et al., 2018
Ingabe i-WPM iyinani lamagama angempela engiwathayiphile?
Ngokuvamile akunjalo. Ngendlela evamile yokubala ukuthayipha, izinhlamvu ezinhlanu zilingana negama elilodwa elijwayelekile, kungakhathaliseki ubude bamagama angempela embhalweni. Palin et al., 2019
Kungani i-WPM eluhlaza iphakeme kunamaphuzu okugcina?
Ukufaka umbhalo nokukopisha umbhalo ngokunembile kungaveza imiphumela ehlukene. Indlela yokucabangela amaphutha iyahluka phakathi kokuhlolwa; sebenzisa incazelo yalokho kuhlolwa kunokucabanga ukuthi kunefomula eyodwa yokudonsa amaphuzu. Soukoreff et al., 2003
Imithombo
- Dhakal et al. (2018). Okuphawulwe ekuthayipheni kusukela ekushayweni kwezinkinobho eziyizigidi ezingu-136.
- Palin et al. (2019). Abantu bathayipha kanjani kumadivayisi eselula?.
- Feit et al. (2016). Indlela esithayipha ngayo.
- Soukoreff et al. (2003). Izilinganiso zocwaningo lokufaka umbhalo.
- Soukoreff et al. (2001). Ukulinganisa amaphutha emisebenzini yokufaka umbhalo.
- MacKenzie and Soukoreff (2002). Ukufaka umbhalo kumakhompyutha eselula: amamodeli nezindlela, ithiyori nokwenza.
- Salthouse (1986). Izingxenye zokubona, zokuqonda nezomzimba zokuthayipha umbhalo okopishwayo..
- Keith et al. (2007). Incazelo yokuzijwayeza ngenhloso yekhono lokuthayipha kwabathayipha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke..