Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Izinga lokuqonda amagama aziwayo | Amagama angaziwa embhalweni onamagama angu-300 | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| 90% | 30 | Isibonelo sokubala |
| 95% | 15 | Cishe igama elilodwa elingaziwa kwangu-20 |
| 98% | 6 | Cishe igama elilodwa elingaziwa kwangu-50 |
Leli thebula libonisa ukubala kwamagama avela embhalweni, alikona ukuhlolwa kokuqonda. Igama elivela embhalweni libalwa njalo lapho livela khona: ukuphindwa kwegama elilodwa ongaliqondi kubalwa izikhathi eziningi. Imindeni yamagama iyiyunithi ehlukile esetshenziswa ukuchaza ubukhulu bolwazi lwamagama. Ukudida la mayunithi kwenza imfuneko ebonakala inembile idukise. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Isilinganiso samagama angu-8,000–9,000 sivela kuphi?
UNation wasebenzisa izinhlu zemindeni yamagama ezihlelwe ngokuvama kwazo ukuze ahlole ukuthi amagama esiNgisi esibhaliwe nesikhulunywayo aqondakala ngezinga elingakanani. Isiphetho sincike esimweni esithile: uma kudingeka ukuqonda cishe u-98% ukuze uqonde umbhalo ngaphandle kosizo, izinto ezibhaliwe ezahlolwayo zidinga cishe lolu hlu lwamagama. Amagama abantu nezindawo kanye nendlela okubhekwa ngayo izimo ezihlobene zamagama kuyingxenye yokuhlaziya, akuyona imininingwane okufanele ishiywe lapho kusungulwa umgomo wokufunda osebenza kubo bonke. Nation, 2006
Olunye ucwaningo lokubala ulwazi lwamagama lubonisa ukuthi ama-lemma, imindeni yamagama nezimo ezibhaliwe kungaveza izibalo ezihluke kakhulu. Umphumela wemindeni engu-8,000 awuqhathaniseki ngokuqondile nokuhlolwa okubika ama-lemma angu-8,000, futhi awusona isibalo sawo wonke amagama esiNgisi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Ingabe u-98% ungumkhawulo oyimfihlo wokuqonda?
USchmitt, uJiang noGrabe bahlola abantu abangu-661 abavela emazweni ayisishiyagalombili besebenzisa imibhalo emibili. Bathola ukuthi izinga lokuqonda amagama lihlobene nokuqonda umbhalo ngendlela eqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwephuzu elicacile lapho ukuqonda kuphelela khona ngokuzumayo. Imiphumela yabo isekela u-98% njengomgomo owusizo wokuqonda imibhalo yezemfundo, hhayi isango elivumela konke noma elingavumeli lutho. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani izincwadi zingafani
Indaba ejwayelekile, incwadi yokufunda ekhethekile kanye nenoveli ekhuluma ngezikhathi zasendulo kusebenzisa amagama angafani futhi kucabanga ukuthi umfundi unolwazi lwangaphambili olungafani. Isilinganiso sokuqonda umbhalo asisusi ukubaluleka kohlelo lolimi, ukucabangela lokho okushiwo noma ulwazi lwesihloko ekuqondeni. Ucwaningo lwejubane lokufunda nalo lubonisa ukuthi ukufunda amagama nokuwaqonda kuyimiphumela emibili ehlukene. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert, 2019
Ulwazi lokwamukela amagama lubalulekile ekuqapheliseni umbhalo, kodwa umfundi angase azi igama kancane kuphela. Ucwaningo oluhlukanisa ukuqaphela, ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa amagama lubonisa ukuthi ukumaka igama njengelijwayelekile akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzoyiqonda yonke incazelo yalo embhalweni. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Ungaqala ukufunda unolwazi lwamagama ambalwa yini?
Yebo: isilinganiso siphathelene nezinga lokuqonda imibhalo ehloliwe ngaphandle kosizo, asisho ukuthi uvunyelwe yini ukufunda. Izinto zokufunda ezilula, usizo nemigomo ehlukene yokufunda kuyasiguqula isimo. Umfundi osebenzisa isichazamazwi wenza umsebenzi ohlukile kulowo wokufunda ngaphandle kosizo. Lesi sibalo kufanele sikusize ukhethe okufundayo, singakudikibalisi ekufundeni kuze kube ukuhlolwa kufinyelela enambeni ethile. Nation, 2006
Ukuhlangana kaningi negama kungathuthukisa izici ezahlukene zolwazi lwalo, kodwa ucwaningo lokuphindaphinda alunikezi inani elisebenza kuzo zonke izimo lokuthi umuntu kufanele ahlangane kangaki negama ukuze alazi ngokuphelele. Landela izinga lokuqonda kwakho nokuthi yiluphi usizo oludingayo, kunokucabanga ukuthi inani elinqunyiwe lamagama osanda kuwaqaphela liqinisekisa ukufunda ngokushelelayo. Webb, 2007
Kuthiwani ngobudala, ubulili nezinye izilimi?
Lokhu ukuhlaziya ukuqonda umbhalo wesiNgisi, akusona isilinganiso sekhono esisekelwe eminyakeni yobudala noma ebulilini. Ezinye izilimi zibala izimo zamagama nemindeni yawo ngezindlela ezihlukile, kanti izinhlobo zemibhalo ezihlukene zidinga ulwazi lwamagama oluhlukile. Ukusebenzisa lesi sibalo kwezinye izilimi ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi kubalwa ngani kungasho okungaphezu kwalokho okufakazelwa ubufakazi. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Umbuzo owusizo empilweni yangempela uthi: uqonda ingxenye engakanani yencwadi ngezinga losizo olukufanele? Isikolo sokuqaphela amagama singanikeza umongo, kodwa ukuhlola kafushane ukuthi uyakuqonda yini lokho okufundayo kusondele kakhulu kulowo mgomo kunomkhawulo owodwa wolwazi lwamagama osebenza kubo bonke. SCHMITT et al., 2011 Laufer et al., 2004
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwamagama
Zama ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwamagama ukuze uhlole ukuthi uwabona yini amagama esiNgisi, bese ucabangela incwadi uqobo nokuthi uyayiqonda yini. Isikolo sakho asisona isiqinisekiso sokuthi uzokwazi ukufunda yonke imibhalo, futhi iyunithi yokubala kufanele ifane naleyo esetshenziswe ekuqhathaniseni okushicilelwe.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe imindeni yamagama engu-8,000 iyafana namagama angu-8,000?
Akufani kuzo zonke izindlela zokubala. Umndeni uhlanganisa izimo zamagama ahlobene, kanti i-lemma noma isimo segama esibhaliwe kuyiyunithi ehlukile. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ingabe ukuqonda u-98% wamagama kusho ukuqonda u-98% wombhalo?
Cha. Izinga lokuqonda libala izikhathi amagama aziwayo avela ngazo; ukuqonda kudinga ukubamba okushiwo umbhalo. Lokhu kokubili akuyona into eyodwa. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Ingabe kufanele ngilinde ngize ngazi amagama amaningi kangako?
Ukuhlaziya kuphathelene nezinga lokuqonda izinto ezithile ngaphandle kosizo. Akuwona umthetho owenqabela ukufunda ngosizo noma ukufunda izincwadi ezilula ezingaphansi kwalelo zinga. Nation, 2006
Imithombo
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki amagama esiwaziyo? Izilinganiso ezisebenzayo zosayizi wesilulumagama ezincike encazelweni yegama, ezingeni lokuchayeka olimini naseminyakeni yobudala yombambiqhaza.
- Nation (2006). Kudingeka isilulumagama esikhulu kangakanani ukuze kufundwe futhi kulalelwe?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Ukuhlola ulwazi lwesilulumagama: ubukhulu, ukujula nokuzivumelanisa nekhompyutha.
- Webb (2008). UBUKHULU BESILULUMAGAMA ABASIQONDAYO NABASIKHIQIZAYO BABAFUNDI BE-L2.
- Webb (2007). Imiphumela yokuphindaphinda olwazini lwesilulumagama.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mangaki amagama akhona esiNgisini esinyathelisiwe sezincwadi zesikole?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki amagama esiwafunda ngomzuzu? Ukubuyekezwa nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi ngezinga lokufunda.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Amaphesenti amagama aziwayo embhalweni nokuqonda okufundwayo.