Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Isimo sokufunda | Ijubane elisetshenzisiwe | Isikhathi esibaliwe samagama angu-1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Isilinganiso sokubuyekeza sokufunda buthule imibhalo engesiyo eqanjiwe | 238 WPM | 4 min 12 sec |
| Isilinganiso sokubuyekeza sokufunda buthule izindaba eziqanjiwe | 260 WPM | 3 min 51 sec |
| Isilinganiso sokubuyekeza sokufunda uphimisa | 183 WPM | 5 min 28 sec |
| Ijubane eliphansi eliyisibonelo | 175 WPM | 5 min 43 sec |
| Ijubane eliphezulu eliyisibonelo | 300 WPM | 3 min 20 sec |
Lezi zikhathi zibalwe ngezibalo futhi zasondiselwa kusekhondi eliseduze: inani lamagama lihlukaniswa nge-WPM, bese liphindaphindwa ngo-60. Azizona izilinganiso zesikhathi esibhekiwe sokuqeda indatshana ethile enamagama angu-1,000. Umbuyekezo womthombo uhlanganise ucwaningo lwamajubane okufunda emibhalweni nasezinqubweni eziningi; izilinganiso zawo zesiNgisi ziyisiqalo esiwusizo sokuhlela. Brysbaert, 2019
Ukufunda indatshana kuhlukile ekuyifundeni ukuze ufunde ulwazi
Izilinganiso zokufunda okuvamile zombuyekezo akufanele zisetshenziswe njengesikhathi esimisiwe sokufunda ukuze uqonde, uhlole impikiswano noma ubhale amanothi. Le misebenzi idinga ukucubungula okwengeziwe nokubuyela embhalweni. Ucwaningo lokunyakaza kwamehlo luchaza ukuphindela emuva nokuma kwamehlo okushintshashintshayo njengezingxenye zokufunda okunengqondo, hhayi isikhathi esimoshekayo okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sisuswe. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Ukuhlolwa okwavimbela ukufunda kabusha okuwusizo kwathola ukuthi ukuqonda kwaba kubi kakhulu ngaphansi kwaleyo ndlela yokuhlola. Lokhu kusekela ukuhlukanisa ukufunda umbhalo nokuwaqonda, kunokuchaza impumelelo njengokufika egameni lokugcina ngokushesha kuphela. Schotter et al., 2014
Kuthiwani uma umbhalo ungajwayelekile noma ungolunye ulimi?
Ukufunda ngolimi lwesibili kuncike ekhonweni lolimi nasekuzijwayezeni. Ucwaningo ngemiphumela yokuvama kwamagama lubonisa ukuthi ulwazi lolimi lushintsha izidingo zokucubungula. Ukwazi amagama nakho kuthinta ukuthi kungakanani okuqondakalayo endimeni, ngakho inani lamagama elifanayo lingadinga umzamo ohluke kakhulu kubafundi abahlukene. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ingabe iminyaka nobulili kuthethelela isikhathi esihlukile?
Umbuyekezo ubika ukuthi izingane, abantu abadala asebekhulile nabafundi bolimi lwesibili bafunda ngesivinini esiphansi, kodwa isilinganiso esisodwa sabantu abadala asisona isilinganiso somuntu ngamunye esilungiswe ngeminyaka. Ucwaningo oluningi lwalubandakanya abantu abafundile, ngokuvamile abafundi. Lobu bufakazi abunikezi inani lemizuzwana elivumelekile nelisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu ngokobulili okufanele lengezwe embhalweni onamagama angu-1,000. Brysbaert, 2019
Amagama awameleli inani lolwazi elifanayo kuzo zonke izilimi. Umehluko ebudeni bamagama, endleleni amagama akhiwa ngayo nasezinhlelweni zokubhala nawo wenza kube nzima ukuqhathanisa i-WPM phakathi kwezilimi. Kumuntu ofunda izilimi eziningi, qhathanisa imisebenzi efanayo ngolimi olufanayo kunokuthatha i-WPM ephansi njengophawu lwekhono eliphansi ngokujwayelekile. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yini engenza isilinganiso sibe usizo kakhulu?
Zinike isikhathi sokufunda indima ongayijwayele enobunzima obufanayo, bese uhlola ukuthi yini oyiqondile. Ijubane lakho emsebenzini ofana nalowo lingaba usizo kakhulu ekuhleleni kunesilinganiso sabantu abaningi, nakuba isampula eyodwa emfushane ingathembeki ngokuphelele. Hlukanisa isikhathi sokufunda sodwa nesesamakhefu, sokubhala eceleni nokuthatha amanothi. Lesi yisibalo sokuhlela, akukhona ukuhlola okusemthethweni okuqinisekisiwe kokuxilonga. Brysbaert, 2019
Umbuyekezo wokufunda ngokushesha uthola ukuthi ukwandisa kakhulu isivinini kuvame ukunciphisa ukuqonda; ukufunda ubheka amaphuzu athile kungafeza enye inhloso, kodwa akufani nokuqonda ngokugcwele. Uma inhloso kuwukuthola iqiniso elithile kuphela, ukuphenya umbhalo ngokushesha kungafaneleka. Uma inhloso kuwukufunda nokwazi, isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlola incazelo kufanele sifakwe esilinganisweni. Rayner et al., 2016
Alukho ucwaningo olucashuniwe olufakazela ukuthi umdlalo noma isibali-sikhathi esithile senza abafundi bahlakaniphe. Okungalinganiswa ukusebenza embhalweni othile, ngaphansi kwemiyalelo ethile, kucatshangelwa ukuqonda kanye nesivinini. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda
Zama ukuhlolwa kwejubane lokufunda ngendima ongayijwayele, bese uphendula imibuzo yokuyiqonda. Sebenzisa umphumela njengesilinganiso salowo msebenzi lapho uhlela ukufunda okufanayo. Hlela isikhathi samanothi noma sokufunda ulwazi ngokwehlukana, kunokulindela ukuthi yonke le misebenzi izongena esikhathini sokufunda sodwa.
Imibuzo evamile
Ithini ifomula?
Imizuzu ilingana nenani lamagama elihlukaniswe ngenani lamagama afundwa ngomzuzu. Ku-238 WPM, u-1,000 ohlukaniswe ngo-238 ucishe ube yimizuzu engu-4.20, noma imizuzu engu-4 nemizuzwana engu-12. Brysbaert, 2019
Ingabe isilinganiso sifaka isikhathi sokubhala amanothi?
Cha. Lesi sibalo sibhekene nesikhathi sokufunda ngesivinini esikhethiwe; ukufunda ukuze ufunde ulwazi nokubhala amanothi eminye imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Brysbaert, 2019
Ngingasinciphisa isikhathi ngesigamu ngingalahlekelwa ukuqonda?
Umbuyekezo wokufunda ngokushesha awukusekeli lokho njengesithembiso esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukwandisa kakhulu isivinini ngokuvamile kunciphisa ukuqonda. Rayner et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). How many words do we read per minute? A review and meta-analysis of reading rate.
- Rayner et al. (2016). So Much to Read, So Little Time.
- Rayner (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Eye movements in reading and information processing: Keith Rayner’s 40 year legacy.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Second-language experience modulates first- and second-language word frequency effects: Evidence from eye movement measures of natural paragraph reading.
- Nation (2006). How Large a Vocabulary is Needed For Reading and Listening?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Don’t Believe What You Read (Only Once).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). How Many Words Do We Know? Practical Estimates of Vocabulary Size Dependent on Word Definition, the Degree of Language Input and the Participant’s Age.