Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Umphumela | Umthelela ojwayelekile ohlanganisiwe | Isikhawu sokwethembana esingu-95% |
|---|---|---|
| Umdlandla | 0.36 | 0.16 to 0.55 |
| Ukuncipha kokukhathala | 0.35 | 0.19 to 0.50 |
| Ukusebenza | 0.16 | −0.04 to 0.37 |
Lezi yizilinganiso ezikuThebula 3 ezivela ekubuyekezweni kwamasampula azimele angu-22 avela ezincwadini ezingu-19. Ziyimiphumela ejwayelekile, hhayi amandla angaphezu kuka-36% noma ukukhiqiza okungaphezu kuka-16%. Imiphumela ehlukene isebenzise izingxenye ezihlukene zezifundo, futhi imiphumela yokusebenza yayingafani. Inombolo eyodwa ehlanganisiwe ayichazi yonke imisebenzi. Albulescu et al., 2022
Yini eyayibhekwa njengekhefu elifushane?
Ukubuyekezwa kugxile emakhefini amancane afinyelela emizuzwini eyishumi. Okwenziwa ngesikhathi sekhefu, umsebenzi owandulelayo nesimo sokuqhathanisa kwakuhlukahluka. Lokhu akubona ubufakazi bokuthi imizuzu eyishumi iyona efaneleka kakhulu, noma bokuthi uhlelo oluthile olunegama lokuhwebelana lomsebenzi nokuphumula lufakazelwe ukuthi lungcono kakhulu kubo bonke abantu. Ukuhlaziywa kwezici ezithinta imiphumela kulokhu kubuyekezwa kunomkhawulo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okungadingeka ukuze kubalwe uhlelo lomuntu ngamunye. Albulescu et al., 2022
U-Ariga no-Lleras bathola ukuthi izinguquko ezimfushane nezingavamile enjongweni yomsebenzi waselebhu zingavimbela ukwehla kokuqapha ocwaningweni lwabo. Lobu ubufakazi obumayelana nendlela ethile yokuhlola, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi ukuhlola imiyalezo ngokuphindaphindiwe kufana nekhefu elivuselelayo. Ariga et al., 2011
Ukugxila akusona isisetshenziswa esiphela ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe
Ucwaningo lokunaka okuqhubekayo luhlola izinguquko ezenzeka umzuzu nomzuzu nokuguquguquka okuhlobene nomsebenzi. Umuntu angase angazinzi ekusebenzeni noma enze amaphutha amaningi ngaphandle kokufinyelela esikhathini esifanayo kubo bonke lapho ukunaka kucima khona. Umphumela ofanele ungaba amaphutha, izikhathi zokuphazamiseka noma ukungaguquguquki kwezimpendulo, kunokuba kubalwe nje ukuthi umuntu uhlale isikhathi esingakanani. Esterman et al., 2013
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ukuphumula nezindleko zokushintsha umsebenzi kungavela ndawonye
Ukushintsha imisebenzi kungashiya ukunaka kusabambelele emsebenzini odlule, kanti ukuphazamiseka okungalindelekile kungabangela ingcindezi ngisho nalapho abantu bezama ukunxephezela ngokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu. Le miphumela ayizichithi izinzuzo zamakhefu amancane; ikhombisa ukuthi okwenziwa ngesikhathi sekhefu nesimo salo kubalulekile. Umsebenzi wesibili onzima awufani ngokuzenzakalela nokuphumula. Leroy, 2009 Mark et al., 2008
Ingabe amakhefu anganxephezela ukungalali ngokwanele?
Izincwadi zocwaningo ngokuswela ubuthongo zibhala ukuphazamiseka kokunaka ngemva kokulahlekelwa ubuthongo, kanti ukuhlala isikhathi eside ulala kancane kubangela ukwanda kokuphazamiseka. Ubufakazi obuhlanganisiwe ngamakhefu amancane abuqinisekisi ukuthi ukuphumula okufushane kubuyisela lezo ziphazamiso ezingeni lomuntu ophumule ngokwanele. Bheka amakhefu nokulala ngokwanele njengezinto ezihlukene kunokucabanga ukuthi enye ithatha indawo yenye. Lim et al., 2010 Van Dongen et al., 2003
Yini engokoqobo ongayizama?
Ukuhlela ikhefu kungaba indlela enengqondo yokulawula ukukhathala, kodwa ubufakazi abukhombi isikhathi esisodwa esifanele yonke iminyaka, ubulili nayo yonke imisebenzi. Qhathanisa indlela ozizwa ngayo nendlela osebenza ngayo emsebenzini obalulekile kuwe. Inzuzo encane ozizwayo ayifani nokuthuthuka kokusebenza okuqinisekiswe ngocwaningo. Albulescu et al., 2022
Uma ulandelela imiphumela yemidlalo yokunaka ngaphambi nangemva kwekhefu, gcina umsebenzi nezinto zokusebenza kungaguquki futhi ulindele ukuguquguquka okuvamile. Umehluko wemiphumela yomuntu ngamunye emsebenzini omfushane ungase ungazinzi, ngisho noma umphumela otholwe ocwaningweni uqine. Ukusebenza kangcono okwesibili kukodwa akukwazi ukuhlukanisa umphumela wekhefu nokufunda noma ukuguquguquka kwemvelo. Hedge et al., 2017 Esterman et al., 2013
Isiphetho esinembile siwukuthi ngokwesilinganiso kunobufakazi bezinzuzo ezincane zokululama, kodwa isithembiso sokuthi wonke amakhefu azokwandisa ukugxila noma ukukhiqiza sibanzi ngokweqile. Ubufakazi busekela ukuzama isimiso esikufanele ngokuqapha, hhayi ukwabela wonke umuntu uhlelo olufanayo lomsebenzi nokuphumula. Albulescu et al., 2022
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokugxila
Zama ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokugxila njengomsebenzi omfushane wokuhlola ukusebenza. Uma uqhathanisa izikhathi ezenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kwamakhefu akho ajwayelekile ngendlela engahlelekile, landela amaphutha nokungaguquguquki kanye nesivinini. Umdlalo awukwazi ukunqumela uhlelo lwekhefu olukulungele kakhulu.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe u-d = 0.36 usho ukuthuthuka okungu-36%?
Cha. Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwezilinganiso, hhayi ushintsho lwephesenti emandleni noma emsebenzini okhiqiziwe. Albulescu et al., 2022
Ingabe sikhona isikhathi sekhefu esingcono kakhulu esifakazelwe?
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kobufakazi akukhombi isikhathi esisodwa esifanele bonke abantu. Imisebenzi, izimo nabantu kuyehluka. Albulescu et al., 2022
Ingabe ikhefu lingathatha indawo yokulala kahle ebusuku?
Ubufakazi obucashuniwe ngamakhefu abukuqinisekisi lokho. Ucwaningo ngokulahlekelwa ubuthongo luphathelene nokuphazamiseka okungacatshangwa ukuthi kuyanyamalala ngemva kwekhefu elifushane. Lim et al., 2010 Van Dongen et al., 2003
Imithombo
- Albulescu et al. (2022). "Ngicela ikhefu!" Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe kokusebenza kwamakhefu amancane ekwandiseni inhlalakahle nokusebenza.
- Ariga et al. (2011). "Amakhefu" amafushane nangavamile engqondweni akusiza uhlale ugxilile: Ukucishwa nokuvuselelwa kwezinjongo zomsebenzi kuvimbela ukwehla kokuqapha.
- Esterman et al. (2013). Ukugxila noma ukuphazamiseka? Ukulandelela ukuguquguquka kokuziphatha nokusebenza kobuchopho ngesikhathi sokunaka okuqhubekayo.
- Leroy (2009). Kungani kunzima kangaka ukwenza umsebenzi wami? Inselele yokunaka okusala emsebenzini wangaphambili lapho kushintshwa imisebenzi.
- Mark et al. (2008). Izindleko zokuphazamiseka komsebenzi: isivinini esikhulu nengcindezi.
- Lim et al. (2010). Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisiwe komthelela wokuswela ubuthongo kwesikhashana ezicini zokuqonda..
- Van Dongen et al. (2003). Izindleko eziqongelelekayo zokuhlala uphapheme isikhathi esengeziwe: imiphumela yesilinganiso nobude besikhathi emisebenzini yokuziphatha kobuchopho nasemzimbeni wokulala ngenxa yokunciphisa ubuthongo okuqhubekayo nokuswela ubuthongo ngokuphelele.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokwethembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekile ingavezi umehluko othembekile phakathi kwabantu.