Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Isibonelo | Okuguqukayo | Okungaphethwa ngalokho |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlanganisa amadijithi angu-12 abe ngamaqoqo angu-4, ngalinye linamadijithi angu-3 | Indlela yokuwameleka iba ngamaqoqo | Wonke umuntu angakhumbula lokho kulandelana |
| Ukubona iphethini ejwayelekile | Ulwazi oseluvele lukhona lunganciphisa umzamo wokufaka ulwazi enkumbulweni | Uphawu ngalunye luthatha indawo ezimele |
| Isimo sokuqeqeshwa sisuka ku-7 siye ku-79 amadijithi | Ukukhumbula amadijithi okuqeqeshwe kakhulu | Amandla enkumbulo yokusebenza evamile ezinto ezingu-79 |
Umugqa wokuqala uyisibonelo sokuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo, awusona isilinganiso samandla enkumbulo. Owesithathu uyisimo sokuqala sokuziqeqesha kakhulu. Kulolo cwaningo, umuntu wasebenzisa ulwazi lwezikhathi zokugijima kanye nendlela ehlelekile yokubuyisa ulwazi. Iphepha liphinde libike ukuthi ikhono alizange lidlulele kwezinye izinto ngesikhathi kushintshwa kwasetshenziswa ongwaqa, okuyinto ebalulekile ekuhumusheni umphumela omangalisayo wamadijithi. Ericsson et al., 1980
Liyini iqoqo lenkumbulo?
Iqoqo lenkumbulo liyiyunithi efakwe enkumbulweni, futhi aliboshelwe enanini elithile lezinhlamvu ezibonakalayo. Ukuba wusizo kwalo kuncike kulokho umfundi asekwazi kakade nokuthi ukulandelana kuhlelwe kanjani. Izingxoxo zikaMiller ngokuhlela kabusha ulwazi kanye nocwaningo lukaMathy noFeldman ngokulufingqa zibonisa ukuthi ukubala izinto ezingahleliwe kungadukisa uma ukwakheka kwazo kuhlukile. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Umbono kaCowan wamandla enkumbulo amancane uhlola izimo ezinciphisa ukuphindaphinda engqondweni nokusebenzisa ulwazi lwesikhathi eside. Umuntu osebenzisa amaqoqo anencazelo emdlalweni ojwayelekile wamadijithi akasebenzi ngempela ngaphansi kwalezo zimo. Le miphumela emibili ayiphikisani ngempela ngoba amayunithi nezinqubo ezivunyelwe kuyehluka. Cowan, 2001
Ingabe ukuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo kuyefana nokuphindaphinda?
Ukuphindaphinda kugcina ulwazi lusasebenza engqondweni; ukuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo kushintsha indlela ulwazi olumelwe noma oluhlelwe ngayo. Zingasebenzisana, kodwa akuzona izenzo ezifanayo. Ithiyori yenkumbulo yokusebenza ihlukanisa ukugcina ulwazi okwesikhashana kwezinye izinqubo zokulawula, kanye nomthelela wolwazi lwesikhathi eside. Baddeley, 2012
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kufanele ulindele ukuthuthuka okungakanani?
Umphumela wokusuka ku-7 uye ku-79 uyisimo esisodwa esingajwayelekile sokuziqeqesha kakhulu, awusona isilinganiso somphumela ojwayelekile noma uhlelo lokuqeqesha olulungele wonke umuntu. Ubonisa ukuthi ukuhlela okufundiwe kungawushintsha kakhulu umphumela womsebenzi, kodwa awunikezi sisekelo esanele sokubikezela ububanzi bokukhumbula umuntu azogcina efinyelele kubo. Ukungadluleli kwekhono kwezinye izinto kubaluleke njengerekhodi ngokwalo. Ericsson et al., 1980
Amaphuzu obubanzi bokukhumbula ashicilelwe ancike nasekulawulweni kokuthi kumiswe nini. Ocwaningweni olukhulu lokulalela, ububanzi obukhulu obufinyelelwe kanye nobubanzi obulinganiswa ngendlela evamile kwaveza izilinganiso ezihlukile kubahlanganyeli abafanayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhathanisa amasu kufanele kugcine indlela yokwethula nokubala amaphuzu ifana, kunokuxuba impumelelo eyodwa ende nephuzu lokuqala elikalwe ngenye indlela. Woods et al., 2010
Yini enengqondo ukuzama?
Uma uqhathanisa ngokungahlelekile, nquma ukuthi uzohlanganisa yini amadijithi ngamaqoqo, sebenzisa isu elifanayo ezivivinyweni ezingaqhathaniseka, bese ubhala phansi ushintsho uma wamukela indlela entsha. Ucwaningo lokufingqa ulwazi lusekela ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo; aluqinisekisi usayizi owodwa weqoqo ofanele wonke umuntu noma ukuthi indlela ethile yokukhumbula izosiza kukho konke ukulandelana. Mathy et al., 2012
Sebenzisa izinto ongazijwayele uma uhlola ukuthi isu liyasebenza yini ngaphandle kwesibonelo osusibambe ngekhanda. Ucwaningo lwezindlela zokulinganisa ububanzi bokukhumbula lugcizelela ukuvumelanisa inqubo nalokho okuhlolwayo. Ikhono elifundiwe liyasebenziseka, kodwa kufanele lichazwe njengalelo khono kunokuba libizwe ngokungeyikho ngokuthi ukwanda kwamandla engqondo jikelele. Conway et al., 2005
Okokugcina, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuguqula amaphuzu okukhumbula amadijithi ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo abe izinga le-n-back noma le-IQ. Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo okuqhathanisa ububanzi bokukhumbula ne-n-back kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nemisebenzi ehlanganyela igama elithi inkumbulo yokusebenza ayilingani futhi ayinakushintshaniswa. Redick et al., 2013
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokukhumbula izinombolo
Zama ukuhlolwa kokukhumbula izinombolo, bese ubhala isu lakho lokuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo. Uma uqhathanisa izindlela, gcina indlela yokubonisa nokubala amaphuzu ifana. Amaphuzu aphezulu abonisa ukukhumbula okungcono ngaphansi kwalezo zimo; awafakazeli ukwanda kobuhlakani jikelele.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo kwandisa inani lezindawo zenkumbulo?
Kungashintsha ulwazi olumelwe yiyunithi eyodwa. Ubufakazi abudingi ukuthi kwande ngezinga elifanayo inani elimisiwe lezindawo zenkumbulo evamile. Cowan, 2001 Mathy et al., 2012
Nami ngizokwazi ukufinyelela kumadijithi angu-79?
Umphumela wokuqala wawungowomuntu oyedwa owaqeqeshwa kakhulu, awuwona umphumela ojwayelekile noma isithembiso. Ericsson et al., 1980
Kungani izinombolo ezijwayelekile zibonakala zilula?
Ulwazi oseluvele lukhona lungasiza ukuhlela kabusha ukulandelana nokukubuyisa enkumbulweni. Yilokho okunye okuhlolwa ocwaningweni lokuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2010). Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa kobubanzi bamadijithi benkumbulo yamagama yesikhashana.
- Cowan (2001). Inombolo eyisimangaliso engu-4 enkumbulweni yesikhashana: Ukucutshungulwa kabusha kwamandla okugcina engqondweni.
- Miller (1956). Inombolo eyisimangaliso engu-7, kuhlanganiswe noma kususwe u-2: Eminye imikhawulo yekhono lethu lokucubungula ulwazi..
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo Yokusebenza: Amathiyori, Amamodeli Nezimpikiswano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenzi yobubanzi benkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukubuyekezwa kwezindlela nomhlahlandlela womsebenzisi.
- Redick et al. (2013). Izilinganiso zobubanzi obuyinkimbinkimbi ne-n-back zenkumbulo yokusebenza: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Ukuzuza Ikhono Lenkumbulo.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Yini eyisimangaliso ngezinombolo eziyisimangaliso? Ukuhlanganisa ngamaqoqo nokufingqa ulwazi enkumbulweni yesikhashana.