Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Ubufakazi noma isikolo | Okukushoyo | Okungakushoyo |
|---|---|---|
| Umehluko ophelele wesikolo esingu-0.24 | Umehluko ohlanganisiwe wamaqembu ekubuyekezweni okukodwa | Umkhawulo wokuxilonga |
| Umphumela weqembu lesikhathi sento ngayinye ongu-1.11 | Ifomethi ehlukile yomphumela inikeza isilinganiso esihlukile | Amathuba omuntu okuba ne-ADHD |
| Isikolo sakho sokuphazamiseka esiku-inthanethi | Indlela owenze ngayo lowo msebenzi nangalowo mthetho wokubala isikolo | Ukuxilongwa komtholampilo |
Amanani obukhulu bomphumela avela ekubuyekezweni kukaLansbergen nozakwabo. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lendlela yabo ukuthi amafomula avame ukusetshenziswa ukubala ukuphazamiseka athinteka kakhulu ngesilinganiso somphumela nangendlela yokulungisa isilinganiso sokuqala. Ukuqhathanisa amaqembu akubi yindlela yokuhlukanisa abantu ngokuxilongwa ngenxa nje yokuthi kubonakale kubalulekile ngokwezibalo. Lansbergen et al., 2007
Ukubuyekezwa kokuxilonga ezinganeni kwatholani?
Ukubuyekezwa kukaHomack noRiccio kuhlola ukuzwela nokucacisa kokuhlolwa ezinganeni nasentsheni. Kuphetha ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop kunosizo olulinganiselwe ekuhlukaniseni i-ADHD nezinye izimo zomtholampilo. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxilongeni: umsebenzi ungabonisa umehluko esilinganisweni sabantu abanempilo kodwa ungakwazi ukukhomba ukuthi yisiphi isimo esichaza umphumela womuntu othile. Homack, 2004
Iqembu elihlolwayo nalo libalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwephepha nepensela kwengane, umsebenzi womlomo womuntu omdala nomdlalo we-inthanethi ophendulwa ngezinkinobho akusebenzisi izindinganiso ezifanayo noma umkhawulo owodwa. Ukubuyekezwa komtholampilo kokuhlolwa kwe-Stroop kubhala ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinguqulo nezindlela zokubala izikolo. Scarpina et al., 2017
Kungani lo msebenzi ungaqondene ne-ADHD kuphela
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Stroop kuyisenzakalo esihlolwa kubantu abafunda ngokujwayelekile. Ucwaningo lokuqala nokubuyekezwa okwalandela kuchaza ukuthi ulwazi oluphikisanayo lwamagama nemibala luyishintsha kanjani indlela abantu abaphendula ngayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuxilongwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka kukodwa akubona ubufakazi besifo. Stroop, 1935 MacLeod, 1991
Yini ekuthintayo?
Kungani isikolo esibukeka sijwayelekile singayikhiphi i-ADHD
Imiphumela emaphakathi yamaqembu iyagqagqana, futhi umbuzo wokuxilonga uncike emlandweni nasendleleni umuntu asebenza ngayo ngokubanzi, hhayi emphumeleni womsebenzi owodwa nje. Ukukwazi okulinganiselwe kokuhlukanisa kwabantu ekuhlaziyweni kwezingane kanye nokuncika okukhulu kwendlela yokubala izikolo kokunye ukubuyekezwa kokubili kuyizizathu zokungasebenzisi isikolo sodwa njengempendulo. Umphumela awuqinisekisi isimo uwedwa futhi awusikhiphi. Homack, 2004 Lansbergen et al., 2007
Ukuthembeka kwenezela omunye umkhawulo. Imiphumela eqinile yokuhlola ingahambisana nezikolo zomehluko zabantu eziguquguquka kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwendida yokuthembeka luyasebenza noma nini lapho umsebenzi omfushane wokuqonda usetshenziswa ukwenza isimangalo esibalulekile ngomuntu othile. Hedge et al., 2017
Ukulinganisa okwenziwa ku-inthanethi kwandisa ukungaqiniseki
Imishini nesikhathi sesiphequluli kuthinta izikhathi zokuphendula ngokuphelele, kuyilapho imiyalelo yomsebenzi nezilinganiso zokuqala kuthinta isikolo somehluko. Umdlalo wabathengi awutholi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa komtholampilo okune gama elithile ngenxa nje yokuthi kokubili kusebenzisa amagama emibala aphikisanayo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Scarpina et al., 2017
Imihlahlandlela yamazwe ngamazwe yokusebenzisa izivivinyo igcizelela isidingo sobufakazi obusekela incazelo ehlosiwe yokuhlolwa kanye nomongo ofanele. Isimangalo esibalulekile ngokomtholampilo sidinga ukuqinisekiswa kwalokho kusetshenziswa nakulelo qembu labantu, hhayi ishadi elikhangayo noma igama lomsebenzi elijwayelekile. International Test Commission, 2001
Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kokuhlolwa?
Kusebenzise ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka nokuqhathanisa isivinini nokunemba komsebenzi ofanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Uma ukhathazekile ngokunaka kwakho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, isikolo somdlalo akufanele sinqume ukuthi lokho kukhathazeka kuyakufanelekela yini ukuhlolwa uchwepheshe. Leli khasi lichaza imikhawulo yokulinganisa; alinikezi indlela yokuzixilonga noma iseluleko sokwelashwa. Homack, 2004 International Test Commission, 2001
Alukho ucwaningo olucashuniwe olubonisa ukuthi ukuzilolonga ngalo mdlalo wesiphequluli kwelapha i-ADHD, kuyivimbela noma kwenza abantu bahlakaniphe ngokujwayelekile. Incazelo esekelwa ubufakazi isalokhu iwukusebenza emsebenzini othile ophathelene nokungqubuzana kolwazi. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop
Zama ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop njengomsebenzi wokufunda, ubheke isivinini nokunemba ndawonye. Umphumela wakho awukona ukuhlolwa kokuhlola i-ADHD, ukuxilongwa noma okungathatha indawo yokuhlolwa komtholampilo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe umehluko omkhulu wesikolo se-Stroop usho ukuthi ngine-ADHD?
Cha. Umphumela wezinga leqembu namathuba okuxilongwa komuntu ngamunye kuyizilinganiso ezihlukile, futhi ukuhlolwa kukwazi ukuhlukanisa amaqembu omtholampilo ngezinga elilinganiselwe kuphela. Homack, 2004
Ingabe isikolo esihle singayikhipha i-ADHD?
Cha. Lokhu kubuyekezwa akufakazeli ukuthi lokhu kusetshenziswa kuyasebenza, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa kusiphequluli ngezindlela ezihlukile. Homack, 2004 Scarpina et al., 2017
Ingabe ukuzilolonga nge-Stroop kwelapha izinkinga zokunaka?
Ucwaningo olucashuniwe lokuxilonga nolokulinganisa alufakazeli ukuthi lo mdlalo unenzuzo yokwelapha. Lansbergen et al., 2007 Scarpina et al., 2017
Imithombo
- Lansbergen et al. (2007). Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Stroop nokunaka okuntulelayo/ukusebenza ngokweqile: ukubuyekeza nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa imiphumela yezifundo eziningi..
- Homack (2004). Ukuhlaziywa okuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuzwela nokucacisa kokuhlolwa kwe-Stroop Kombala Namagama ezinganeni.
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Ukuhlolwa kwe-Stroop Kombala Namagama.
- Stroop (1935). Ucwaningo lokuphazamiseka ekuphenduleni ngamazwi ngokulandelana..
- MacLeod (1991). Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka yocwaningo ngomphumela we-Stroop: ukubuyekeza okuhlanganisayo..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda ekhiqiza imiphumela eqinile ingakhiqizi umehluko womuntu ngamunye othembekile.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukunemba okungokoqobo kwezinkundla zokuhlola eziku-inthanethi, iziphequluli zewebhu namadivayisi.
- International Test Commission (2001). Imihlahlandlela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokusebenzisa Izivivinyo.