Ubufakazi obuyinhloko nezinombolo
| Okutholwe ekuhlanganisweni kocwaningo lokuqeqesha amakhono okuqonda indawo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Kuhlolwe izifundo ezingu-217 | Iqoqo elibanzi lokungenelela okuhlukahlukene kwamakhono okuqonda indawo |
| Ukuhlaziywa okugcinwe: izifundo ezingu-206, izilinganiso zemiphumela ezingu-1,038 | Ukuhlaziywa okusekela isilinganiso sangemva kokukhishwa kwemiphumela eyeqisayo |
| Isilinganiso esimaphakathi esingu-g = 0.47 ngemva kokukhishwa kwemiphumela eyeqisayo | Umphumela wokuqeqeshwa olinganiswe ngendlela evamile, osezingeni eliphakathi |
| Ukudlulela kweminye imisebenzi yokuqonda indawo | Kukhona ukujwayeleka okuthile ngaphakathi kwalolu mkhakha |
| Imisebenzi nezimo zokuqhathanisa ezahlukahlukene | Alikho inani elilodwa lokuqeqeshwa noma lenzuzo elisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu |
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kocwaningo kubheka ukuthi imiphumela ihlala yini, izici eziyithintayo nokudlulela kwamakhono. Kubanzi kunokubuyekezwa kokungenelela okugxile ekuphenduleni izinto engqondweni kuphela. Imiphumela isekela umbono wokuthi amakhono okuqonda indawo angashintsha, kodwa ayifakazeli ukuthi yonke imidlalo emifushane eku-inthanethi iveza isilinganiso esifanayo sokungenelela noma ishintsha ukuhlakanipha okuvamile. Uttal et al., 2013
Yini ngempela engathuthuka?
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuphendula izinto engqondweni kukala ukufanisa izinto ezibheke ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ezinye izivivinyo zinezinto eziningi, iziphazamiso ezihlukile noma imikhawulo yesikhathi eqinile. Umphumela ungabonisa ukufunda imithetho namasu omsebenzi kanye nokushintsha kokusebenza kahle ekuxazululeni. Umphumela kufanele ucacise ukunemba, isivinini neqoqo lezinto ezihloliwe. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Ucwaningo lokuphinda kuhlolwe lubonisa ukuthuthuka ezivivinyweni zokuqonda eziphindwayo, ngakho ukuzama okwesibili kukodwa akusikho ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo kokuqeqeshwa. Ukuhlola okuwusizo kufanele kuhlukanise ukujwayela umsebenzi okuvamile nomphumela owengeziwe wokungenelela. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ingabe ukuprakthiza kusiza wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo?
Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi akusekeli umbono wokuthi wonke umuntu uthola inzuzo efanayo. Kubheka umehluko phakathi kokungenelela nabahlanganyeli, kuhlanganise iminyaka nobulili, kodwa umphumela ohlanganisiwe awukwazi ukubikezela ukuthuthuka komuntu oyedwa. Ngokufanayo, ukubuyekezwa komlando komehluko wobulili kuchaza izilinganiso ezincike ohlotsheni lomsebenzi, hhayi imikhawulo engaguquki yomuntu ngamunye. Uttal et al., 2013 Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Yini ekuthintayo?
Ingabe ukuthuthuka kudlulela nakweminye imisebenzi engaphandle komdlalo?
Ukudlulela emisebenzini yokuqonda indawo ongazange uyiqeqeshe kuwumphumela onolwazi oluthe xaxa kunokuthuthuka ezintweni eziphindwayo kuphela, futhi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kocwaningo kubika ukudlulela okunjalo. Kodwa lokho kusencane kunokuthuthuka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yendawo yansuku zonke noma ukwanda kokuhlakanipha kukonke. Ukufana phakathi kokuqeqeshwa nokuhlola kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi yini engashiwo. Uttal et al., 2013
Ungakugwema kanjani ukudida ukushintsha kweqhinga nekhono elisha?
Bhala phansi uhlobo lomsebenzi, isikhathi esibekiwe nokuthi uke wawenza yini ngaphambili. Uma uqala ukusebenzisa iqhinga elihlukile lokuqhathanisa, lokho kungaba ukufunda okuwusizo, kodwa kuchaze njengengxenye yoshintsho. Umphumela eqoqweni elilodwa lezimo awuqinisekisi ngokwawo isilinganiso esijwayelekile samakhono okuqonda indawo. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Umsindo wokulinganisa nawo ubalulekile. Ucwaningo lwendida yokuthembeka lubonisa ukuthi imiphumela yemisebenzi yakudala ingathembeka ezingeni leqembu, kodwa inikeze umehluko ongazinzile phakathi kwabantu. Ushintsho oluncane phakathi kwezikhathi ezimfushane akufanele luhunyushwe ngokweqile njengoshintsho oluhlala njalo. Hedge et al., 2017
Iyini inhloso engokoqobo yokuprakthiza?
Zama ukuxazulula izinto ezintsha ezingafani ngokunemba nangempumelelo eyengeziwe, bese ulandela yomibili le miphumela. Ucwaningo olucashuniwe alubeki isikhathi sansuku zonke esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu, inani lezikhathi noma umphumela okuhloswe ngawo kulo msebenzi wesiphequluli. Lusekela ukuthi ukufunda kungenzeka, hhayi isibikezelo esenzelwe umuntu othile. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Gwema ukuhumusha ubunzima bokuqala ngokusebenzisa umbono ongaguquki wobulili. Ucwaningo lwamaqembu nokubuyekezwa okubanzi kokufana akubeki ukuthi umuntu ngamunye angafinyelela kuphi. Ukusebenza kwamanje nekhono lokufunda kuyimibuzo ehlukene. Voyer et al., 1995 Hyde, 2005
Ngakho-ke, isimangalo esithembekile ngenzuzo sicacile: kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuqeqesha amakhono okuqonda indawo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngokwesilinganiso, kuhlanganise nokudlulela okuthile kweminye imisebenzi yalowo mkhakha, ngaphansi kwezimo ezacwaningwa. Ukuthi ukuprakthiza umdlalo othile kudlulisela muphi umphumela kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqondile. Uttal et al., 2013
Zama ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuhlobene nalokhu
Ukuhlolwa kokuphendula izinto engqondweni
Zama ukuhlolwa kokuphendula izinto engqondweni ukuze uzwe ukuthi umsebenzi unjani. Uma uprakthiza, bhala phansi imizamo yangaphambili bese usebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezifanayo lapho uhlola ushintsho. Umdlalo awuthembisi ukwanda kwe-IQ noma umphumela omaphakathi obikwe kuzo zonke izindlela zokuqeqesha amakhono okuqonda indawo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe u-g = 0.47 usho ukuthi kungcono ngo-47%?
Cha. Kungumehluko omaphakathi olinganiswe ngendlela evamile, kanti imiphumela eyeqisayo ayifakwanga esifinyezweni esicashuniwe. Uttal et al., 2013
Ingabe ukuprakthiza kuzokhuphula i-IQ yami?
Umphumela wokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuqonda indawo awufakazeli ukuthi lo mdlalo uletha lowo mphumela. Ukuthuthuka nokudlulela kwamakhono kufanele kuchazwe ngokwalokho okulinganiswe ngempela. Uttal et al., 2013
Kufanele ngiprakthize imizuzu emingaki?
Le mithombo ayibeki inani elifanele nelisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu lalo msebenzi wesiphequluli. Ukunikeza uhlelo oluqinile kungasho ukunemba okungasekelwe ubufakazi. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Imithombo
- Voyer et al. (1995). Ubukhulu bomehluko wobulili emakhonweni okuqonda indawo: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi nokubhekwa kwezinto ezibalulekile..
- Linn et al. (1985). Ukuvela nokuchazwa komehluko wobulili ekhonweni lokuqonda indawo: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Ukuphendula izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu engqondweni.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Ukuphendula izinto engqondweni, ukuhlolwa kweqembu lokubona izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu.
- Uttal et al. (2013). Ukuguquguquka kwamakhono okuqonda indawo: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo zokuqeqesha.
- Hyde (2005). Umbono wokufana kobulili.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Imiphumela yokuphinda kuhlolwe ezivivinyweni zekhono lokuqonda: Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eziningi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yokuthembeka: Kungani imisebenzi yokuqonda ethembekile ingavezi umehluko ozinzile phakathi kwabantu.