Vumbhoni ni tinomboro-nkulu
| Ntirho | Ku fananisa loku lavekaka | Nhlamuselo ya xiviri ya maphuro ya le henhla |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Xilo xa sweswi ni lexi xi nga hundza | Ku tirha kahle hi ku landza nawu wolowo |
| 2-back | Xilo xa sweswi ni lexi a xi ri eka swiyimo swimbirhi endzhaku | Ku pfuxeta ni ku fananisa kahle eka ntirho wolowo |
| 3-back | Xilo xa sweswi ni lexi a xi ri eka swiyimo swinharhu endzhaku | Ku tirha eka mpfhuka lowukulu, hi ku landza nkarhi lowu vekiweke |
Nomboro yi komba mpfhuka wa ku hlwela eka nongonoko. A yi kombi ntsena nhlayo ya swilo leswi munhu a nga swi hlayisaka emianakanyweni, hikuva ntirho wu tlhela wu lava ku xiyisisa, ku pfuxeta ni ku hlamula nkarhi na nkarhi. Nkambisiso wa Owen ni vatirhi-kulobye wa ku tirhisa swifaniso swa byongo wu katsakanya mixaka yo hambana leyi hambanaka hi ku tiva xilo, ndhawu ni leswi vuriwaka kumbe leswi nga vuriwiki. Owen et al., 2005
Ha yini wu vitaniwa ntirho wa memori leyi tirhaka
Miehleketo ya memori leyi tirhaka yi khumba ku hlayisa mahungu ma ri kona loko u ri karhi u ma tirhisa kumbe ku ma pfuxeta. Ntirho wa n-back wu tirhisa xiyenge xin'wana xa mintirho leyi. Vito leri a ri vuli leswaku mitirho ya memori leyi tirhaka yi pima vuswikoti byo fana hi ku kongoma kumbe yi tirhisa nkatsakanyo lowu fanaka wa ku hlayisa ni ku lawula. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Hi xitalo, mitirho ya complex span yi hlanganisa ku tsundzuka mahungu ni xilaveko xin'wana xa ku ma tirhisa, naswona yi tala ku kombela leswaku u ma tsundzuka. Nkambisiso wa ndlela ya yona wu hlamusela xivumbeko xa ntirho lexi hambaneke ni ku tiva swilo hi ku landzelelana eka n-back. Ku va yi vitaniwa hi vito leri fanaka a swi sivi vumbhoni bya ndlela leyi maphuro ya yona ma fambisanaka ha yona ni ya mitirho yin'wana. Conway et al., 2005
Xana n-back yi nga siva xikambelo xa span?
Nkambisiso wa Redick na Lindsey wa tidyondzo to tala wu kume ku yelana kutsongo ka maphuro ya n-back ni complex span, naswona maphuro a ma fani eka tidyondzo hinkwato. Mahetelelo ya wona hi leswaku swipimo leswi a swi nge tirhisiwi onge swa cincana. Hileswaku maphuro ya le hansi eka xin'we ni ya le henhla eka lexin'wana a ma vuli leswaku ku ni ku kanetana kumbe leswaku muphuro wun'wana wu fanele wu va wa mavunwa. Redick et al., 2013
I yini lexi xi khumbaka?
Ku pima hi ku kongoma swi titshege hi swin'wana ku tlula mpfhuka
Nkarhi lowu xifaniso kumbe xilo xi kombisiwaka ha wona, nkarhi wa ku hlamula, ku tala ka leswi faneleke ku fananisiwa ni ndlela yo kambela swihoxo swa ku vula leswaku swi fana, swi cinca ku tika. Minkarhi hinkwayo hambanisa ku kuma swilo leswi fanaka ni ku tshikelela ko tala. Muphuro wu fanele wu komba nawu wa ku hlayela leswi kumiweke kahle ni leswi hlamuriweke hi xihoxo, ku nga ri mpimo wa n ntsena. Ku hambana ka maendlelo ya ndzavisiso wa n-back hi xin'wana xa swivangelo leswi endleke leswaku swiyimo leswi humaka eka maendlelo yo hambana swi nga tekiwi tani hi mpimo lowu tirhaka eka vanhu hinkwavu. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ku fananisa vukhale ni rimbewu na kona swi lava ku tirhisiwa ka maendlelo lama fanaka ni ntlawa wa vanhu lowu faneleke. Minkambisiso leyi a yi nyiki mpimo wun'we lowu kombisaka xiyimo lexinene hi vukhale eka ntlangu wa inthanete lowu cincaka hi ku ya hi muphuro. Ku veka mpimo wolowo swi ta vula leswaku vumbhoni byi kongomile ku tlurisa mpimo lowu byi wu seketelaka. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Xana ku antswa loko u titoloveta swi komba yini?
Nkambisiso wa ndz trening wa n-back wu hambanisa ku hundzisela vuswikoti eka mitirho leyi fanaka ni ku byi hundzisela eka vuyelo bya le kule. Nkambisiso lowukulu wa ndzetelo wa memori leyi tirhaka a wu kumi vumbhoni byo khorwisa bya leswaku ku ni vuyelo byo angarhela bya ku hundzisela vuswikoti bya le kule loko ku tirhisiwa ku fananisa loku faneleke. Hileswaku ku antswa eka n-back i vumbhoni bya ku dyondza vuswikoti lowu kamberiweke, ku nga ri vumbhoni bya ku tlakuka ka vutlhari hinkwabyo. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Ku tshamiseka ka maphuro i xilaveko xin'wana. Ntirho wu nga tirhisa maendlelo ya nkoka, wu tlhela wu humesa vuyelo byo tshamiseka eka ntlawa, kambe wu nga nyikeli xiyimo xa munhu lexi tiyeke hi ku ringana. Vuyelo bya nghingiriko wa paradox ya ku tshamiseka byi tsundzuxa leswaku maphuro ya ntlangu wo koma a ma fanelanga ku tekiwa tani hi xivumbeko xa munhu lexi nga cinciki. Hedge et al., 2017
Loko u ri karhi u xiyisisa ku cinca ka wena, tirhisa muxaka wa ntirho, minkarhi ni maendlelo yo hlayela lama fanaka, naswona tsala swihoxo swin'we ni leswi hlamuriweke kahle. Loko u cinca mixaka ya swilo leswi kombisiwaka kumbe u tirhisa muxaka lowu cincaka hi ku ya hi maphuro, tsala leswaku u cince leswi pimiwaka. Nhlamuselo leyi nga erivaleni ya ntirho yi pfuna ku tlurisa ku vula leswaku nomboro yin'we yi yimela memori leyi tirhaka hinkwaro. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ringeta xikambelo xa mahala lexi fambisanaka na swona
Xikambelo xa N-back
Ringeta xikambelo xa n-back leswaku u twa leswaku swi vula yini ku pfuxeta ni ku fananisa swilo eka mpfhuka lowu vekiweke. Hlaya swiletelo swa ku hlayela maphuro, kutani u fananisa mivilo leyi fanaka ntsena. Mphuro lowu i wa ntirho lowu, a hi ku kambela IQ kumbe mpimo wa memori lowu tirhaka eka vanhu hinkwavu.
Swivutiso leswi tolovelekeke
Xana 3-back yi vula leswaku ndzi nga tsundzuka swilo swinharhu ntsena?
E-e. Nomboro yi komba mpfhuka wa ku fananisa, kasi ku xiyisisa ni ku pfuxeta na swona swi hoxa xandla eka maphuro. Owen et al., 2005
Xana n-back ya fana ni ku tsundzuka tinomboro?
E-e. Nkambisiso wa tidyondzo to tala wu kume leswaku mitirho ya span ni ya n-back a hi swipimo leswi cincanaka swa memori leyi tirhaka. Redick et al., 2013
Xana ku antswa swi tiyisekisa leswaku IQ ya mina yi tlakukile?
Dyondzo ya ndzetelo a yi tiyisekisi mahetelelo wolawo. Ku dyondza ntirho ni ku hundzisela vuswikoti bya wona hi ku angarhela swi fanele swi kamberiwa hi ku hambana. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Swihlovo
- Owen et al. (2005). N‐back working memory paradigm: A meta‐analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies.
- Redick et al. (2013). Complex span and n-back measures of working memory: A meta-analysis.
- Cowan (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity.
- Baddeley (2012). Working Memory: Theories, Models, and Controversies.
- Conway et al. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of “Far Transfer”.
- Hedge et al. (2017). The reliability paradox: Why robust cognitive tasks do not produce reliable individual differences.
Tsavula tluka leri: Xana xikambelo xa n-back xi pima yini hakunene?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ts/answers/what-does-n-back-measure. CC BY 4.0.
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