Bopaki ba bohlokoa le lipalo
| Mosebetsi | Papiso e hlokahalang | Seo lintlha tse phahameng li se bolelang ka kotloloho |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Ntho ea hona joale ha e bapisoa le e fetileng | Ho sebetsa hantle tlas’a molao oo |
| 2-back | Ntho ea hona joale ha e bapisoa le e bileng teng maemong a mabeli pele | Ho ntlafatsa le ho bapisa hantle mosebetsing oo |
| 3-back | Ntho ea hona joale ha e bapisoa le e bileng teng maemong a mararo pele | Ts'ebetso ha nako e salletseng e le telele, tlas’a nako e behiloeng |
Palo e bontša hore na ntho e saletse morao hakae tatellanong. Ha se palo feela ea lintho tseo motho a ka li bolokang mohopolong, hobane mosebetsi o boetse o hloka ho lula u beha leihlo, ho ntlafatsa le ho arabela. Tlhahlobo ea Owen le basebetsi-'moho ea litšoantšo tsa boko e akaretsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ka boitsebiso ba tšusumetso, sebaka le litaba tsa mantsoe kapa tseo e seng tsa mantsoe. Owen et al., 2005
Lebaka leo e bitsoang mosebetsi oa mohopolo o sebetsang ka lona
Likhopolo tsa mohopolo o sebetsang li bua ka ho boloka boitsebiso bo fumaneha ha u ntse u bo sebelisa kapa u bo ntlafatsa. Mokhoa oa n-back o sebelisa karolo e itseng ea mekhoa ena e akaretsang. Lebitso leo ha le bolele hore mesebetsi eohle ea mohopolo o sebetsang e lekanya bokhoni bo tšoanang hantle kapa e sebelisa motsoako o tšoanang oa ho boloka le ho laola. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Ka mohlala, mesebetsi ea complex span e kopanya ho hopola boitsebiso le tlhokahalo e ’ngoe ea ho bo sebetsa, ’me hangata e kōpa hore motho a bo hopole. Tlhahlobo ea mokhoa oa eona e hlalosa sebopeho sa mosebetsi se fapaneng le ho lemoha ho tsoelang pele ha n-back. Lebitso le tšoanang ha le nke sebaka sa bopaki ba kamano pakeng tsa lintlha. Conway et al., 2005
Na n-back e ka nkela teko ea span sebaka?
Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea Redick le Lindsey e fumane likamano tse fokolang pakeng tsa n-back le complex span, ’me liphuputso li ne li sa tšoane. Qeto ea eona ke hore litekanyo tsena li ke ke tsa sebelisoa joalokaha eka lia lekana. Ka hona, lintlha tse fokolang tekong e ’ngoe le tse matla ho e ’ngoe ha se ntho e ikhanyetsang ka bohona, ebile ha se bopaki ba hore e ’ngoe ea liphetho e tlameha ebe ke leshano. Redick et al., 2013
Ke eng e se amang?
Ho nepahala ho itšetlehile ka tse ling ntle le nako e salletseng
Nako eo tšusumetso e bontšoang ka eona, moeli oa nako ea ho arabela, makhetlo ao sepheo se hlahang ka ’ona le tsela eo likarabelo tse fosahetseng li tšoaroang ka eona li fetola bothata. Kamehla khetholla ho lemoha lintho tse tšoanang le ho tobetsa khafetsa. Lintlha li lokela ho ela hloko molao oa ho bala ho lemoha ho nepahetseng le likarabelo tse fosahetseng, eseng feela boemo ba n-back. Phapang ea mekhoa e sebelisoang liphuputsong tsa n-back ke lebaka le leng leo maemo a tsoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng a ke keng a nkoa e le litekanyetso tse akaretsang. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ho bapisa lilemo le bong le hona ho hloka mokhoa o tšoanang le sehlopha sa batho se loketseng. Litlhahlobo tsena ha li fane ka boemo bo le bong bo loketseng lilemong tsohle bakeng sa papali ea inthanete e ikamahanyang le bokhoni ba motho. Ho fana ka boemo bo joalo ho ne ho tla bolela bonnete bo fetang boo bopaki bo bo tšehetsang. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Ho ntlafala ka boikoetliso ho bontša eng?
Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea koetliso ea n-back e khetholla phetisetso ho mesebetsi e amanang le eona le liphello tse hole haholoanyane. Tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea koetliso ea mohopolo o sebetsang ha e fumane bopaki bo kholisang ba molemo o akaretsang o fetelang hole ha ho sebelisoa lipapiso tse loketseng. Ka hona, ho ntlafala ho n-back ke bopaki ba ho ithuta bokhoni bo lekiloeng, eseng bopaki ba keketseho ea bohlale ka kakaretso. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Ho tšepahala ha tekanyo ke tlhokahalo e ’ngoe. Mosebetsi o ka sebelisa mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa kelello ’me oa bontša phello e tšepahalang sehlopheng, empa leha ho le joalo oa se ke oa fana ka tatellano e tsitsitseng ea batho ka bomong. Liphuputso tse mabapi le pherekano ea ho tšepahala li lemosa khahlanong le ho nka lintlha tsa papali e khutšoanyane e le tšobotsi e sa fetoheng ea motho. Hedge et al., 2017
Ha u itlhahloba, boloka mofuta oa teko, nako le mokhoa oa ho bala lintlha li tšoana, ’me u shebe liphoso hammoho le likarabo tse nepahetseng. Haeba u fetola mefuta ea tšusumetso kapa u fetohela phetolelong e ikamahanyang le bokhoni ba hao, ela hloko hore u fetotse mokhoa oa ho metha. Tlhaloso e hlakileng ea mosebetsi e fana ka boitsebiso bo molemo ho feta polelo ea hore palo e le ’ngoe e emela mohopolo oohle o sebetsang. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Leka teko ea mahala e amanang le sena
Teko ea N-back
Leka teko ea n-back ho bona kamoo ho ntlafatsa le ho bapisa lintho ho sebetsang kateng ha li saletse morao ka sebaka se itseng. Bala litaelo tsa ho bala lintlha, ’me u bapise feela liteko tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o tšoanang. Sephetho ke lintlha tsa mosebetsi ona, eseng tlhahlobo ea IQ kapa tekanyo e akaretsang ea bokhoni ba mohopolo.
Lipotso tse botsoang hangata
Na 3-back e bolela hore nka hopola lintho tse tharo feela?
Che. Palo e bolela sebaka sa papiso, ’me ho beha leihlo le ho ntlafatsa le tsona li ama ts'ebetso. Owen et al., 2005
Na n-back e tšoana le teko ea ho hopola tatellano ea linomoro?
Che. Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea liphuputso e bontša hore liteko tsa span le tsa n-back ha li lekane e le litekanyo tsa mohopolo o sebetsang. Redick et al., 2013
Na ho ntlafala ho paka hore IQ ea ka e eketsehile?
Lingoliloeng tsa koetliso ha li netefatse qeto eo. Ho ithuta mosebetsi le phetisetso e pharaletseng li lokela ho hlahlojoa ka thoko. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Mehloli
- Owen et al. (2005). Mokhoa oa n-back oa ho ithuta mohopolo o sebetsang: Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea liphuputso tse tloaelehileng tsa litšoantšo tsa tšebetso ea boko.
- Redick et al. (2013). Litekanyo tsa complex span le n-back tsa mohopolo o sebetsang: Tlhahlobo e akaretsang.
- Cowan (2001). Palo ea mohlolo ea 4 mohopolong oa nako e khutšoanyane: Ho hlahloba bocha bokhoni ba ho boloka kelellong.
- Baddeley (2012). Mohopolo o Sebetsang: Likhopolo, Mehlala le Likhang.
- Conway et al. (2005). Mesebetsi ea ho lekanya span ea mohopolo o sebetsang: Tlhahlobo ea mekhoa le tataiso ea tšebeliso.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Ho hlahloba bocha koetliso ea mohopolo o sebetsang: Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea maemo a mangata ea liphuputso tsa koetliso ea n-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Koetliso ea mohopolo o sebetsang ha e ntlafatse ts'ebetso litekanyong tsa bohlale kapa litekanyong tse ling tsa “phetisetso e hole”.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Pherekano ea ho tšepahala: Lebaka leo mesebetsi e tsitsitseng ea kelello e sa hlahiseng liphapang tse tšepahalang tsa batho ka bomong.