Ukaboni ukuru na manambara
| Mulimo | Ivyo vikukhumbikwa kuyana | Ivyo nambara yapachanya yikulongora mwakudunjika |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Chinthu cha sono na icho chikaŵapo kumasinda | Kuchita makora mwakulondezga dango ilo |
| 2-back | Chinthu cha sono na icho chikaŵa malo ghaŵiri kumasinda | Kusinthasintha na kuyana makora pa mulimo uwu |
| 3-back | Chinthu cha sono na icho chikaŵa malo ghatatu kumasinda | Kuchita makora pa mtunda ukuru, mwakuyana na nyengo iyo yaŵikika |
Nambara yikulongora utali wa kuwelera kumasinda mu ndondomeko ya vinthu. Yikung'anamura yayi waka unandi wa vinthu ivyo munthu wangasunga mu maghanoghano, chifukwa mulimo uwu ukusazgapo kulondezga, kusinthasintha na kuzgora. Ndemanga ya Owen na ŵanyake ya kafukufuku wa wongo wakugwiliskira ntchito vithuzithuzi yikusazgapo mitundu yinandi iyo yikupambana pa mtundu wa chinthu, malo, na ivyo vikuyowoyeka panji yayi. Owen et al., 2005
Chifukwa wuli ukuyowoyeka kuti ni mulimo wa kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito
Malingaliro gha kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito ghakukhwaskana na kusunga chidziŵitso kuti chiŵe chapafupi apo munthu wakuchigwiliskira ntchito panji kuchisintha. Mulimo wa n-back ukugwiliskira ntchito vigaŵa vinyake vya milimo iyi. Zina ili likung'anamura yayi kuti mulimo uliwose wa kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito ukupima luso limoza pera panji ukugwiliskira ntchito kusunga na kulongozga mu nthowa yakuyana. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Milimo ya kukumbukira na kugwira mulimo unyake pa nyengo yimoza, mwachiyelezgero, yikusazga kukumbukira chidziŵitso na chinthu chinyake chakukhumbikwa kuchita ndipo kanandi yikupempha munthu kuti wakumbuke. Ndemanga ya nthowa yakuchitira kafukufuku yikulongosora kuti milimo iyi yili na kapangidwe kakupambana na kumanya vinthu mwakulutilira kwa n-back. Kuti milimo yiŵiri yikuŵa na zina limoza, ntchifukwa yayi chakulekera kupima umo vipimo vyake vikuyana. Conway et al., 2005
Kasi n-back yingagwira ntchito mu malo mwa chiyezgo cha span?
Kusanda kafukufuku vinandi kwa Redick na Lindsey kukasanga kuti kuyana kwa vipimo vya n-back na complex span kukaŵa pachoko, ndipo kafukufuku wakapambana-pambana. Ivyo ŵakasanga vikulongora kuti vipimo ivi vingagwiliskika ntchito mu malo mwa chinyake yayi. Ntheura, nambara yichoko pa chiyezgo chimoza na yapachanya pa chinyake vikupambana yayi mwakudankha, panji kulongora kuti chimoza mwa ivyo vyasangika chikwenera kuŵa chautesi. Redick et al., 2013
Kasi chikukhwaskika na vichi?
Kulondola kukuthemba vinandi kuluska utali wa kuwelera kumasinda
Utali wa nyengo iyo chinthu chikuwoneka, nyengo ya kuzgora, kanandi ka vinthu vyakulondora, na umo kuzgora kwautesi kukupimika vikusintha usuzgi. Nyengo zose mupambaniskenge kumanya vinthu vyakuyana na kubinya mabatani kanandi waka. Nambara yikwenera kulongosora dango lake la kuzgora makora na kuzgora kwambura kwenelera, m’malo mwa kuŵika waka mlingo umoza wa n. Mitundu yinandi ya nthowa izo zikugwiliskirika ntchito mu kafukufuku wa n-back ntchimoza mwa vifukwa ivyo milingo ya mitundu yakupambana yingapimika nga ni malango gha wose yayi. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Kuyana kwa msinkhu na jenda kukukhumbikwiraso ndondomeko yakuyana na gulu la ŵanthu lakwenelera. Ndemanga izi zikupereka yayi mlingo wa wose wa msinkhu uliwose wa mchezo wa pa intaneti wakusintha usuzgi. Kupeleka mlingo wanteura kungalongora kusimikizga kukuru uko ukaboni uli nawo yayi. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Kasi kunozga chifukwa cha kuchita kanandi kukulongora vichi?
Kusanda kafukufuku vinandi kwa kusambizga n-back kukupambaniska umo luso lungasinthira ku milimo yakuyana na ku vinthu vyakupambana chomene. Ndemanga yikuru ya kusambizga kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito yikusanga yayi ukaboni wakukhorweska wakuti kusambizga uku kukovwira chomene pa vinthu vyakupambana chomene, para vikuyaniskika mu nthowa yakwenelera. Ntheura, kunozga pa n-back ni ukaboni wa kusambira luso ilo likapimika, yayi wa kusazgikira kwa vinjeru vyose. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Kugomezgeka kwa chiyezgo ntchinthu chinyake chakukhumbikwa. Chiyezgo chingagwiliskira ntchito ndondomeko yakuzirwa na kulongora kuti gulu lachita makora kwambura kupeleka ndondomeko yakukhazikika yakukwana yakupanga makora mulongosko wa munthu payekha. Ivyo vikawoneka pa suzgo la kugomezgeka vikuchenjezga kuti nambara ya pa mchezo ufupi yikwenera yayi kupimika nga ni wunthu wakukhazikika wa munthu. Hedge et al., 2017
Para mukujipima mwekha, sungani mtundu wa chiyezgo, nyengo na umo nambara yikuŵerengeskera vyakuyana, ndipo lembani ivyo mwabudiska pamoza na ivyo mwazgora makora. Usange mukusintha mtundu wa vinthu panji mukusinthira ku mtundu wakusintha mwakuyana na umo mukuchitira, lembani kuti mwasintha chipimo. Kulongosora makora mulimo kukovwira chomene kuluska kuyowoya kuti nambara yimoza yikuyimira kukumbukira kose uko kukugwira ntchito. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Yezgani chiyezgo chaulere chakuyana na ichi
Chiyezgo cha N-back
Yezgani chiyezgo cha n-back kuti mumanye umo vinthu vikusintha na kuyana pa mtunda wakuyowoyeka. Ŵerengani malango gha umo nambara yikuŵerengeskera ndipo yaniskani waka maulendo gha chiyezgo ghakuyana. Ivyo mwasanga ni nambara ya pa mulimo uwu, yayi chipimo cha IQ panji ukuru wa kukumbukira wa wose.
Mafumbo ghakawiro
Kasi 3-back yikung'anamura kuti ningakumbukira vinthu vitatu pera?
Yayi. Nambara yikulongora kutalika kwa kuwelera kumasinda pakuyaniska vinthu, apo kulondezga na kusinthasintha kukovwira pa umo munthu wakuchitira. Owen et al., 2005
Kasi n-back ni yakuyana na kukumbukira nambara?
Yayi. Kusanda kafukufuku vinandi kukusanga kuti vipimo vya span na n-back vingagwiliskika ntchito mu malo mwa chinyake yayi pakupima kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito. Redick et al., 2013
Kasi kuchita makora kukusimikizga kuti IQ yane yasazgikira?
Kafukufuku wa kusambizga wakusimikizga yayi fundo iyi. Kusambira mulimo na kusintha kwa vinthu vinandi vikwenera kupimika mwakupambana. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Mabuku gha kafukufuku
- Owen et al. (2005). Nthowa ya n-back ya kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito: Kusanda kafukufuku wa vithuzithuzi vya wongo pa ŵanthu ŵakukwana.
- Redick et al. (2013). Vipimo vya complex span na n-back vya kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito: Kusanda kafukufuku vinandi.
- Cowan (2001). Nambara ya munthondwe ya 4 mu kukumbukira kwa nyengo yifupi: Kulaŵiskaso ukuru wa kusunga mu maghanoghano.
- Baddeley (2012). Kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito: Malingaliro, mitundu na mphindano.
- Conway et al. (2005). Milimo ya kupima kukumbukira kwa span: Ndemanga ya nthowa na ulongozgi wa ŵakugwiliskira ntchito.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Kulaŵiskaso kusambizga kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito: Kusanda kafukufuku vinandi wa milingo yakupambanapambana pa kafukufuku wa kusambizga n-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Kusambizga kukumbukira uko kukugwira ntchito kukunozga yayi milimo ya kupima vinjeru panji vipimo vinyake vya “kusintha kwakutali”.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Sengwe la kugomezgeka: Chifukwa icho milimo yakupima maghanoghano yakukhora yikuleka kulongora mwakugomezgeka kupambana kwa munthu na munyake.
Zunurani peji ili: Kasi chiyezgo cha n-back chikupima vichi nadi?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/tum/answers/what-does-n-back-measure. CC BY 4.0.
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