Mokhoa oa Teko ea pokello ea mantsoe
Teko ea boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe ea ee/che (lethathamo la ho tšoaea), e nang le mantsoe a sebele a hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha tsa makhetlo a tšebeliso le mantsoe a iqapetsoeng; Senyesemane: mofuta o ikamahanyang le likarabo ka mekhahlelo e ’meli
Mofuta oa mokhoa oa ho bala lintlha: Senyesemane: mokhoa en-adaptive-1, lenane en-1; lipuo tse ling: lenane <lang>-1 le mofuta oa 1 oa sebalisi sa lintlha sa sechaba
← Khutlela tekongSeo e se lekanyang
Boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe ao motho a a utloisisang (ao a a lemohang) ka li-lema, ho ipapisitsoe le seo motho a se tlalehang, ho lokisitsoeng ka lebaka la ho nka mantsoe a iqapetsoeng e le a sebele. Ha e lekanye tsebo ea litlhaloso, tšebeliso ea mantsoe kapa bokhoni ba puo.
Tsamaiso
Senyesemane (mokhoa en-adaptive-1, lenane en-1): mohato oa 1 ke tafole ea lintho tse 40: mantsoe a 5 a khethiloeng ka tšohanyetso sehlopheng ka seng ho lihlopha tse 7 tsa makhetlo a tšebeliso, hammoho le mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a 5, li tsoakiloe; sebapali se tšoaea mantsoe ao se a tsebang (‘se ka hlalosa bonyane moelelo o le mong’). Mohato oa 2 ke tafole ea lintho tse ncha tse 60: mantsoe a macha a 4 sehlopheng ka seng, mantsoe a mang a 25 a behiloeng haufi le sehlopha seo karolo ea mantsoe a tsejoang e lokisitsoeng mohatong oa 1 e leng haufi haholo le 50% (boima bo fokotseha ka halofo sehlopheng ka seng seo ho tlohang ho sona), le mantsoe a macha a iqapetsoeng a 7. Ha ho lentsoe le phetoang. Ha ho nako e behiloeng; matšoao a ka fetoloa pele mohato ka mong o romelloa. Lipotso tseo motho a ka khethang ho li araba ka mor’a sephetho: sehlopha sa lilemo, hore na ke sebui sa moo puo e leng ea habo kapa moithuti, lilemo tseo a ithutileng tsona, le hore na o bala hangata hakae. Sejeremane, Sepanishe, Sefora, Setaliana, Sepolishe, Sepotoketsi le Serussia (manane *-1): ho bontšoa lentsoe le le leng ka nako, mantsoe a 10 a khethiloeng ka tšohanyetso sehlopheng ka seng ho lihlopha tse 6 tsa makhetlo a tšebeliso (mantsoe a sebele a 60) hammoho le mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a 30, a tsoakiloeng (lintho tse 90); sebapali se araba ‘Kea le tseba’ kapa ‘Le iqapetsoe’. Pele ho fanoa mantsoe a sebele a 2 le a iqapetsoeng a 2 bakeng sa boikoetliso, a nang le maikutlo mabapi le likarabo (a ka tloloa). Ha ho nako e behiloeng; ho tsoa leqepheng ha ho emise teko.
Liparamente
| Paramethara | Boleng |
|---|---|
| Lihlopha tsa Senyesemane (maemo a makhetlo a tšebeliso) | 1–2,000; 2,001–4,000; 4,001–8,000; 8,001–16,000; 16,001–32,000; 32,001–64,000; 64,001–74,781 |
| Boholo ba lihlopha tsa Senyesemane (li-lema tse hakantsoeng) | 1,771; 1,800; 3,486; 6,057; 11,200; 20,571; 6,623 (kakaretso 51,508) |
| Lintho tsa Senyesemane | 40 (mohato oa 1) + 60 (mohato oa 2) = 100: mantsoe a sebele a 88, mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a 12 |
| Lipuo tse ling: lintho | Mantsoe a sebele a 60 (a 10 sehlopheng ka seng, lihlopha tse 6) + mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a 30 |
| Lipuo tse ling: boholo ba manane (li-lema tse hakantsoeng) | de 46,137; es 36,748; fr 33,119; it 37,304; pl 29,240; pt 25,350; ru 30,086 |
| Ho potoloha khakanyo | ho ea ho 100 e haufi |
| Moeli oa khakanyo | 90% |
| Sephetho se sa tsitsang | Senyesemane: sekhahla sa ho nka mantsoe a iqapetsoeng e le a sebele ke 0.25 kapa ho feta; lipuo tse ling: se feta 0.30 |
| Karabo e potlakileng (palo ea boleng, lipuo tse ling) | ka tlase ho 250 ms |
Ho bala lintlha
Sehlopheng ka seng b: h = karolo ea mantsoe a sebele a sehlopha a tšoailoeng e le a tsejoang (Senyesemane: mantsoe a step-2 feela, e le hore khetho e ikamahanyang le likarabo e se ke ea khopamisa khakanyo); f = karolo ea mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a tšoailoeng e le a tsejoang (Senyesemane: ’ohle a 12 a mehato ka bobeli). Karolo e tsejoang p = (h − f) / (1 − f), e bolokoang pakeng tsa 0 le 1 (0 haeba f = 1). Khakanyo = kakaretso ea boholo ba sehlopha x p, e potolohiselitsoeng ho 100 ’me e lekanyelitsoe boholo ba lenane; palo e phahameng e bolela pokello e kholoanyane ea mantsoe. Moeli oa khakanyo, Senyesemane: bohareng ba 90% ba likhakanyo tse 4,000 tse etsisitsoeng (likhakanyo tsa Jeffreys Beta bakeng sa sekhahla sa ho tšoaea ka nepo sa sehlopha ka seng, khakanyo e le ’ngoe e arolelanoang ea Beta bakeng sa sekhahla sa ho nka mantsoe a iqapetsoeng e le a sebele, le ho se tiisehe ha Beta ka boholo ba sehlopha ka seng ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea pele ea mantsoe a 70), bo atolositsoe hore bo akarelletse khakanyo; ha f = 1, moeli ke lenane lohle. Moeli oa khakanyo, lipuo tse ling: ho tlosoa le ho eketsoa ha 1.645 ea liphoso tse tloaelehileng tsa binomial tse kopantsoeng lihlopheng tsohle. Lipuo tse ling li boetse li fumana tekanyo ea ho nepahala ea mofuta oa LexTALE = karolelano ea liphesente tsa mantsoe a sebele a amohetsoeng le liphesente tsa mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a hannetsoeng. Lipersentile tsa Senyesemane: karolo ea libapali tse tšoanelehang tseo khakanyo ea tsona e leng ka tlase ho ea hao (mokhoa le lenane la hajoale, liphetho tse tšepahalang, tseo ho seng monyetla oa hore li entsoe ke mochini, teko ea pele e tšoanelehang ea sebapali ka seng), li bontšoa feela bakeng sa lihlopha tsa bonyane 100; ho seng joalo lipalo tse hatisitsoeng tsa lipatlisiso li bontšoa e le moelelo oa papiso.
Melao ea teko e amohelehang
Seva e boela e etsa lintho tsa teko ho latela peo ea teko (hore na lintho life ke tsa sebele ha ho bontšoe leqepheng, ntle le nakong ea boikoetliso). Ntho e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe e lokela ho arajoa; mokhoa oa Senyesemane oa mehato e ’meli o hloka likarabo tse 40 le tse 60 hantle, ’me o ke ke oa kopanngoa le mokhoa oa mohato o le mong. Liphetho tse nang le mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a mangata haholo a tšoailoeng e le a tsejoang li tšoauoa li sa tsitsa ’me ha li fumane persentile. Seva e boela e etsa teko ka ’ngoe ho latela rekoto e sa sebetsoang (le peo ea teko haeba e le teng) ’me e ipalla lintlha; ntho efe kapa efe eo leqephe le e buang ka karabo e nepahetseng kapa e fosahetseng ha e eloe hloko. Rekoto e tlolang melao ea papali ea hanoa, ’me ha ho letho le bolokoang. Liteko tse bolokiloeng li ka ba le matšoao a boleng a sa bontšoeng ebile a sa thibeleng sephetho: liteko tse 10 kapa ho feta tse tsoang atereseng e le ’ngoe ea IP, ID ea moeti e sieo, ho chencha li-tab, le matšoao a tšebeliso ea mochini (sebatli se iketsang, lebelo le ke keng la khoneha, ho se be le liketsahalo tsa ho kenya, nako e tloaelehileng joaloka ea mochini).
Phapang le teko ea khale
Liteko tsa ee/che tse nang le mantsoe a iqapetsoeng li qalile ho Meara le Buxton (1987). LexTALE (Lemhöfer & Broersma 2012) ke teko e tsitsitseng ea lintho tse 60 e nang le lintlha tsa liphesente tse netefalitsoeng; Brysbaert et al. (2016) ba hakantse boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe ho tsoa pokellong e kholo haholo ea inthanete ea tsebo ea mantsoe, ba sebelisa buka e ’ngoe ea mantsoe le tlhaloso e pharaletseng haholoanyane ea ho tseba lentsoe. Mokhoa ona oa khakanyo, manane a oona le moralo oa oona oa mehato e ’meli ke tse ncha ’me ha li e-s’o lekanngoe ka boikemelo. Tekanyo ke li-lema tse ikhethang tse ngotsoeng, eseng malapa a mantsoe joaloka Tekong ea Boholo ba Pokello ea Mantsoe ea Nation.
Meeli
Ho itlaleha: batho ba fapana ka hore na ba tšoaea lentsoe kapele hakae e le leo ba le tsebang, ’me mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a lokisa sena hanyenyane feela. Boholo ba lihlopha bo tsoa mehlala e hlahlobiloeng, eseng palong e felletseng ea bukantswe. Manane le boholo ba lihlopha lia fapana lipuong, kahoo likhakanyo ha li bapisoe lipakeng tsa lipuo. Lithahasello tse khethehileng le likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa mantsoe li fetola sephetho. Ho hopola mantsoe a teko e fetileng ho fetola liphetho tse latelang. Teko ena ha e lekanye bohlale, ho bua ka thelelo kapa bophelo bo botle. Libapali tsa papiso ke baeti ba sebaka sena sa marang-rang, eseng litekanyetso tsa sechaba ka kakaretso.
Lipuo le boemo ba tlhahlobo
Senyesemane (mehato e ’meli) hammoho le Sejeremane, Sepanishe, Sefora, Setaliana, Sepolishe, Sepotoketsi le Serussia (mohato o le mong); lipuo tse ling tsa sebaka sena li bontša teko ea Senyesemane. Mantsoe a sebele: li-lema tsa Wiktionary (ka kaikki.org) tse behiloeng ka maemo ho latela makhetlo a tšebeliso ea mantsoe (wordfreq 3.1.1), ka mehlala ea sehlopha ka seng e hlahlobiloeng ka letsoho; li arolelanoa tlas’a CC BY-SA 4.0 kamoo laesense e hlokang kateng. Mantsoe a iqapetsoeng a etselitsoe lenane ka leng ho latela mekhoa ea litlhaku tsa lona ’me a hlahlobisitsoe ka letsoho.
Boemo ba tlhahlobo ho latela puo ea litaelo
Lipuo tsa litaelo tse phatlalalitsoeng li thathamisitsoe ka tlaase. Mokhoa oa phetolelo: phetolelo e thusoang ke mochini hammoho le licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto. Lintlha tse ikhethang tsa puo li hlalositsoe ka holimo; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo mona.
| Puo ea litaelo | Boemo ba tlhahlobo bo tlalehiloeng |
|---|---|
| English | Mongolo oa pele oa Senyesemane. |
| Deutsch | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Español | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Français | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Italiano | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Polski | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Português | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
| Русский | Licheke tse itšebetsang tsa mongolo le mopeleto; ha ho tlaleho ea tlhahlobo e entsoeng ke motho eo puo ena e leng ea habo. |
Mokhoa oa ho qotsa
Helibrain (2026). Vocabulary test, ven-adaptive-1. https://helibrain.com/vocabulary-test/methods
Nalane ea liphetoho
· Mofuta en-adaptive-1 · Phatlalatso ea pele ea mekhoa bakeng sa teko e lokollotsoeng hona joale.
Litšupiso
Meara, P., & Buxton, B. (1987). An alternative to multiple choice vocabulary tests. Language Testing, 4(2), 142–154.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026553228700400202original yes/no vocabulary test with pseudowords
Brysbaert, M., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Keuleers, E. (2016). How many words do we know? Practical estimates of vocabulary size dependent on word definition, the degree of language input and the participant's age. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1116.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01116vocabulary-size estimates by age; research context shown on the page
Lemhöfer, K., & Broersma, M. (2012). Introducing LexTALE: A quick and valid Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 325–343.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0146-0validated yes/no lexical test; accuracy formula
Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D. (2007). A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9–13.
frequency-stratified sampling; word-family unit (different from lemmas)
Mongolo oa mekhoa: CC BY 4.0. Bolela Helibrain ’me u kenye sehokelo sa mokhoa ona. Datha ea mohloli le thepa ea teko li boloka mangolo a tsona a tumello; lengolo lena la tumello le sebetsa mongolong oa mekhoa.
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