Bopaki ba bohlokoa le lipalo
| Mofuta oa mosebetsi | Seo o se botsang | Seo karabo e nepahetseng e se bontšang |
|---|---|---|
| Ho lemoha | Ho khetholla kapa ho lemoha lentsoe kapa moelelo | Tsebo ea ho lemoha ho latela potso eo |
| Ho hopola ka thuso ea leseli kapa ho hlahisa | Ho hopola sebopeho kapa moelelo ho tsoa leseling le fanoeng | Bokhoni bo matla ba ho hopola boemong boo |
| Ho bua ka bolokolohi | Ho khetha le ho hlahisa puo boemong bo itseng | Bokhoni bo akarelletsang pokello ea mantsoe le litsebo tse ling |
Phuputso ea Webb e sebelisitse mefuta ea phetolelo e bapisitsoeng bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho hlahisa mantsoe, ’me likarabo tsa fuoa lintlha ho latela maemo a fapaneng a tsebo. Seo e se fumaneng ha se karolelano e tsitsitseng pakeng tsa pokello ea mantsoe a sebelisoang le a utloisisoang feela. Haholo-holo, phapang ea ho lekanya tsebo e sa fellang le e felletseng e bontša hore seo ho nkoang e le ho tseba lentsoe se fetola lekhalo le bonahalang. Webb, 2008
Lebaka leo ka lona ho lemoha ho ka bonahalang ho le bonolo
Potso e ka fana ka leseli leo mosebetsi oa ho hopola ntle le thuso o sa faneng ka lona. Laufer le Goldstein ba khetholla tsebo ea pokello ea mantsoe ho latela matla a eona le mofuta oa teko, ho akarelletsa ho lemoha le ho hopola. Mokhoa oo o thusa ho hlalosa hore na ke hobaneng ha ho khetha moelelo oo u o tloaetseng ho sa tšoane le ho hlahisa lentsoe kapele moqoqong. Laufer et al., 2004
Boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe bo boetse bo itšetlehile ka hore na mantsoe a baloa joang. Pampiri e batsi e mabapi le pokello ea mantsoe ea Senyesemane e khetholla mantsoe a ngotsoeng, lihlooho tsa mantsoe le malapa a mantsoe a motheo. Ho tseba mefuta e mengata ea lentsoe e fetotsoeng ha ho bolele hore motho o tseba palo e tšoanang ea mantsoe a ikemetseng. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Na pokello e kholo ea mantsoe a utloisisoang e thusa ho bala?
E ka etsa hore likarolo tse ngata tsa sengoloa li utloisisehe, empa karolo ea mantsoe a sengoloa ao motho a a tsebang ha se lintlha tse felletseng tsa kutloisiso. Nation o hlahloba hore na malapa a mantsoe a makae a akaretsa lingoliloeng le puo e buuoang, athe Schmitt le basebetsi-’moho ba fumana kamano e tsoelang pele pakeng tsa karolo ea mantsoe a tsejoang le kutloisiso. Kakaretso ea pokello ea mantsoe ha e etse hore kutloisiso e felletseng e itlele feela. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Ke eng e se amang?
Lebaka leo ka lona ho buuoang ka ho pepesehela puo le ho ikoetlisa ho hlokang tlhokomelo
Phuputso ea Webb ea ho pheta-pheta e hlahloba kamoo ho kopana le lentsoe hangata ho amang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tsebo ea lentsoe kateng. E tšehetsa ho khetholla thuto e sa fellang le bokhoni bo phethahetseng haholoanyane; ha e bontše hore ho na le palo e le ’ngoe ea ho pheta-pheta e etsang hore lentsoe le leng le le leng le fumanehe puong ea boithatelo. Bothata ba lentsoe, moelelo oa tšebeliso le mosebetsi oa ho ithuta li ntse li le bohlokoa. Webb, 2007
Phuputso ea boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe e tlaleha likamano le lilemo le thuto, ’me e tšohla ho pepesehela puo ha nako e ntse e feta e le tlhaloso e ka bang teng. Lipaterone tsena tsa tlhokomeliso ha lia lokela ho ngoloa bocha joalokaha eka ke sekhahla se lekantsoeng sa hore motho o ithuta mantsoe a makae letsatsi ka leng, kapa tšepiso ea hore ho bala ka tekanyo e itseng ho eketsa pokello ea mantsoe a sebelisoang ka palo e itseng. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ho thoe’ng ka lilemo, bong le puo?
Phapang pakeng tsa ho lemoha le ho hlahisa mantsoe e sebetsa moralong oa mosebetsi oa teko, empa lithuto tse qotsitsoeng tsa baithuti ha li fane ka karolelano e akaretsang e lokiselitsoeng lilemo kapa bong. Puo ea pele, boemo ba tsebo ea puo le mantsoe a khethiloeng tekong li fetola tlhaloso ea liphetho. Likhakanyo tsa Senyesemane ha lia lokela ho fetisetsoa lipuong tse ling li sa fetoloa, kaha lipuo tseo li fapana ka sebōpeho sa mantsoe le melao ea ho a bala. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Lebelo la ho bala le lona lea fapana ho latela boiphihlelo ba puo le sepheo. Sephetho sa ho bala butle kapa ho tsilatsila ha motho a bua ho ke ke ha hlalosoa ka botlalo ka lintlha tse le ’ngoe tsa boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe. Kutloisiso le tlhahiso ea puo li hloka mesebetsi e meng ea kelello. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Ke eng eo u ka e lekanyang ka tsela e utloahalang?
Sebelisa mosebetsi o lumellanang le potso. Teko ea ho lemoha e ka lekola ho lemoha ho latela lipotso tsa eona; ho lekola ho hopola mefuta ea mantsoe moelelong o lekiloeng ho hlokahala mosebetsi oa ho a hlahisa. Ho bapisa tse peli ho hloka hore litaba li tšoane le hore melao ea ho fana ka lintlha e hlake. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Ho ikoetlisetsa ho hopola mantsoe ho ka thusa haeba sepheo e le ho a hopola, empa lithuto tsena ha li fane ka lenaneo le tiisitsoeng la ho bua ka thelelo. Sephetho se tšepahalang ke ntlafalo karolong e itseng ea tsebo ea mantsoe, eseng polelo ea hore lintlha tsa teko e le ’ngoe ea ho lemoha li emela tsohle tseo u ka li buang, ua li utloisisa kapa ua li hopola. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Leka teko ea mahala e amanang le sena
Teko ea pokello ea mantsoe
Leka teko ea pokello ea mantsoe e le mosebetsi oa ho lemoha mantsoe, ’me u bale tlhaloso ea eona ea mokhoa oa ho bala le ho fana ka lintlha. Ha e lekanye pokello eohle ea mantsoe ao u ka a sebelisang puong, ebile ha e bolele esale pele karolelano e tsitsitseng pakeng tsa ho lemoha le ho hlahisa mantsoe.
Lipotso tse botsoang hangata
Na pokello ea mantsoe a utloisisoang feela e lula e imena habeli ea mantsoe a sebelisoang?
Ha ho karolelano e akaretsang e tiisitsoeng. Lekhalo le bonahalang lea fetoha ho latela mantsoe, mofuta oa mosebetsi le boemo ba tsebo bo hlokahalang. Webb, 2008
Na ho lemoha lentsoe ho bolela hore ke le tseba ka botlalo?
Ho bontša tsebo e hlokoang ke potso eo. Ho hopola lentsoe, ho utloisisa meelelo ea lona ka botebo le ho le sebelisa maemong a fapaneng ho ka hloka boitsebiso bo fapaneng. Laufer et al., 2004
Na lintlha tsa pokello ea mantsoe li ka bolela esale pele kutloisiso ea ha motho a bala?
Li ka fana ka leseli, empa karolo ea mantsoe a tsejoang le kutloisiso li amana empa ha se litekanyo tse tšoanang. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Mehloli
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Re tseba mantsoe a makae? Likhakanyo tse sebetsang tsa boholo ba pokello ea mantsoe ho latela tlhaloso ea lentsoe, boholo ba ho pepesehela puo le lilemo tsa bankakarolo.
- Nation (2006). Ho hlokahala pokello ea mantsoe e kholo hakae bakeng sa ho bala le ho mamela?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Ho lekola tsebo ea pokello ea mantsoe: boholo, matla le ho ikamahanya ha k'homphieutha.
- Webb (2008). BOHOLO BA POKELLO EA MANTSOE A UTLOISISOANG LE A SEBELISOANG KE BAITHUTI BA L2.
- Webb (2007). Liphello tsa ho pheta-pheta tsebong ea pokello ea mantsoe.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Ho na le mantsoe a makae Senyesemaneng se hatisitsoeng sa sekolo?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Re bala mantsoe a makae ka motsotso? Tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo-kakaretso ea lebelo la ho bala.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Peresente ea mantsoe a tsejoang temaneng le kutloisiso ea ho bala.