Ikizamini cyo gutandukanya amabara: uburyo
Umupaka wo kwita amabara amazina (uburyo bw'ingazi ebyiri zihinduka kandi zivanze) n'umurimo wo gutondeka ibicucu by'amabara ushingiye ku kizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue
Verisiyo ibara amanota: 1
← Subira ku kizaminiIbyo gipima
(1) Igicucu cy'ibara aho umuntu ahindura kurita 'icyatsi' akarita 'ubururu' (umupaka w'ibyiciro by'amabara). (2) Ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibicucu byegeranye, bupimwa n'amakosa mu gutondeka amabara afite urumuri n'ubukire bw'ibara bingana kuri ecran y'umuntu ukora ikizamini.
Uko gikorwa
Amabara yose akoresha OKLCH, urumuri rwa 0.72 n'ubukire bw'ibara bwa 0.12 (biri mu mabara sRGB ashobora kugaragazwa kuri buri gicucu), bityo igicucu cy'ibara ni cyo cyonyine gihinduka; agaragazwa ku ibara ry'imvi rituje riri hagati. Igice cya 1: herekanwa ibara rimwe icyarimwe, riva ku gicucu cya 140° (uruhande rw'icyatsi) rikagera kuri 250° (uruhande rw'ubururu); ukora ikizamini asubiza Icyatsi cyangwa Ubururu (akanda buto cyangwa urufunguzo ← na →); ibara riguma kuri ecran kugeza asubije, hanyuma hakerekanwa imvi mu gihe cya 350 ms. Ingazi ebyiri zitangirira kuri 150° na 240°; kuri buri igerageza, imwe mu ngazi zitararangira itoranywa ku bw'amahirwe. Igisubizo 'icyatsi' cyimura urwo rwego rugana ku bururu, naho 'ubururu' rukarugana ku cyatsi; intambwe itangira kuri 16° kandi ikagabanywa kabiri igihe cyose icyerekezo gihindutse, kugeza kuri 2°. Igerageza 12 kuri buri ngazi (24 yose hamwe). Igice cya 2: udupfunyika 52 dutondetse ku ntera ingana dukikije uruziga rw'ibicucu by'amabara (hafi ya 6.9° hagati yatwo, dutangirira ku gicucu cya 0°) tugabanyijemo imirongo 4; buri murongo ufite agapfunyika kadahinduka kuri buri mpera n'udupfunyika 12 bivangavanze hagati yatwo. Ukora ikizamini akurura udupfunyika cyangwa agakanda kuri tubiri kugira ngo aduhinduranye, kugeza umurongo uhindutse buhoro buhoro. Nta gihe ntarengwa kandi nta myitozo ibanza.
Ibipimo fatizo
| Igipimo fatizo | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo kugaragaza amabara | OKLCH, L = 0.72, C = 0.12, igicucu cy'ibara kirahinduka |
| Urugero rw'ibicucu ku mupaka | 140°–250° |
| Aho ingazi zitangirira | 150° na 240° |
| Intera y'intambwe z'ingazi | 16°, igabanywa kabiri igihe cyose icyerekezo gihindutse, ntirenza munsi ya 2° |
| Igerageza kuri buri ngazi | 12 (ingazi 2 zivanze, igerageza 24) |
| Igihe hagati y'amabara agaragazwa | Imvi ituje mu gihe cya 350 ms |
| Umurimo wo gutondeka | Imirongo 4 × udupfunyika 12 twimurwa + udupfunyika 2 tudahinduka ku mpera za buri murongo; udupfunyika 52 byose hamwe, hagati yatwo hari hafi ya 6.9° |
| Igihe ntarengwa | Nta na kimwe |
| Uburyo bwo gutanga ibisubizo | Gukoraho, imbeba ya mudasobwa, utubuto tw'imyambi |
Uko amanota abarwa
Umupaka: ku bisubizo 24 byose, hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'imibare bwo guhuza amahirwe n'igicucu cy'ibara, hatoranywa ibipimo bitanga ibisubizo byiza kurusha ibindi kuri P(ubururu | igicucu) = 1 / (1 + exp(−(igicucu − b) / s)); b ihinduka mu ntera za 0.5°, naho s ikava kuri 1.5° ikagera kuri 40°. Umupaka ni b, agaciro ka 50%, mu madigiri y'igicucu cya OKLCH, kagabanyijwe hagati ya 140° na 250°. Niba ibisubizo byose byari bimwe, umupaka ushyirwa ku mpera y'urugero kandi bikagaragazwa ko urenzeho. Nta gaciro k'ukuri cyangwa k'ikosa. Gutondeka: udupfunyika tubarwa hakurikijwe uko dutondetse ku ruziga; kuri buri gapfunyika gashobora kwimurwa, amanota ni |n − n_left| + |n − n_right|, naho amanota y'amakosa ni igiteranyo cya (amanota y'agapfunyika − 2) ku dupfunyika twose (0 = gutondeka neza, nk'uko bimeze mu kizamini cya 100-hue), kuri buri murongo no ku mirongo yose hamwe; amanota make ni meza kurushaho. Hatangwa kandi umubare w'udupfunyika twashyizwe ahatari ho n'igice cy'ibicucu cyagize amakosa menshi kurusha ibindi.
Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe
Buri ngazi igomba kuba ifite ibisubizo 12 neza, kandi buri gicucu cyerekanwe kigomba kuba gihuye n'igicucu amategeko y'ingazi atanga hashingiwe ku bisubizo byatanzwe kugeza icyo gihe (ibi bigenzurwa kuri seriveri, ku itandukaniro rya ±0.05°); buri murongo ugomba kuba urimo udupfunyika twawo gusa. Bitabaye ibyo, igerageza ryangwa.
Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere
Ikizamini cya Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue gikoresha udupfunyika 85 nyakuri mu dusanduku 4, munsi y'urumuri rusanzwe, kandi gifite indangagaciro z'igereranya zo kwa muganga. Iyi verisiyo ikoresha amabara 52 yacu agaragazwa kuri ecran (48 ashobora kwimurwa), afite urumuri n'ubukire bw'ibara bya OKLCH bidahinduka, kandi akoreshwa kuri ecran zitapimwe; bityo amanota yayo ntagereranywa n'indangagaciro z'igereranya zo kwa muganga. Umurimo wo kumenya umupaka w'ubururu n'icyatsi nturi mu kizamini cya 100-hue.
Imbogamizi
Ecran zigira itandukaniro mu buryo zigaragazamo amabara, kandi uburyo bwa nijoro, ibyuma biyungurura urumuri rw'ubururu, urumuri rwa ecran n'urumuri rwo mu cyumba bihindura uko amabara asa; ibisubizo bishobora kugereranywa gusa iyo hakoreshejwe ecran imwe n'igenamiterere rimwe. Umupaka kandi uterwa n'amazina y'amabara akoreshwa mu rurimi rw'urubuga. Iki si ikizamini cyo gusuzuma niba umuntu afite ikibazo cyo kubona amabara, kandi ntigitanga isuzuma ry'indwara.
Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe
Amabara agaragazwa ntashingira ku rurimi, kandi amabwiriza aboneka mu ndimi zose z'urubuga. Amazina y'ibisubizo 'Icyatsi' na 'Ubururu' arahindurwa; bityo umupaka wo kwita amabara amazina ugaragaza amagambo y'amabara akoreshwa mu rurimi rw'urubuga (indimi zimwe zikoresha ijambo rimwe kuri ayo mabara yombi).
Uko amabwiriza yasuzumwe, hakurikijwe ururimi
Indimi z’amabwiriza zasohotse zanditswe hano hepfo. Uburyo bwo guhindura: ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, hakoreshejwe igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire. Ibyihariye kuri buri rurimi bisobanurwa haruguru; hano nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
| Ururimi rw’amabwiriza | Uko isuzuma ryanditswe |
|---|---|
| English | Inyandiko y’umwimerere iri mu Cyongereza. |
| Afaan Oromoo | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Afrikaans | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Akan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Avañe’ẽ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Aymar aru | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahasa Melayu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahsa Acèh | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bamanankan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Bali | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Banjar | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Jawa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Sunda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Basa Ugi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Baso Minangkabau | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bikol | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bosanski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Català | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Cebuano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Čeština | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Chichewa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ChiShona | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| chiTumbuka | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Dansk | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Deutsch | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Eesti | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Español | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Eʋegbe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Filipino | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Français | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Fulfulde | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Galego | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Gĩkũyũ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hausa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hiligaynon | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hmoob | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hrvatski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Igbo | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ikinyarwanda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ikirundi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ilokano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| isiXhosa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| isiZulu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Italiano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| itsonga | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kapampangan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kiswahili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kreyòl ayisyen | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kurmancî | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Latviešu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lietuvių | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lingála | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Lombard | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Luganda | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Madhurâ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Magyar | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Malagasy | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Mizo ṭawng | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Naijá | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Napulitano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Nederlands | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Norsk bokmål | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Pangasinan | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Piemontèis | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Polski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Português | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Română | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Runa simi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sardu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Scots | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sepedi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sesotho | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Setswana | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Shqip | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Sicilianu | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| siSwati | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Slovenčina | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Slovenščina | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Soomaali | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Srpski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Suomi | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Svenska | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tâi-gí | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Taqbaylit | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tiếng Việt | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tok Pisin | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tshivenḓa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkçe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkmençe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Vahcuengh | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Vèneto | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Winaray | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Wolof | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Yorùbá | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Zazakî | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ελληνικά | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Башҡортса | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Беларуская | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Български | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Кыргызча | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Қазақ тілі | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Македонски | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Монгол | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Нохчийн | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Русский | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Татарча | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Українська | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Чӑвашла | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ქართული | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Հայերեն | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| עברית | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ئۇيغۇرچە | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| اردو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| العربية | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| پښتو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| پنجابی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| سنڌي | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| فارسی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| کٲشُر | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| گیلکی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| مازرونی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ትግርኛ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| አማርኛ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| अवधी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| कोंकणी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| नेपाली | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| बर’ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| भोजपुरी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| मराठी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| मैथिली | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| हिन्दी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| অসমীয়া | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| বাংলা | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ગુજરાતી | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| தமிழ் | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| తెలుగు | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ತುಳು | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| മലയാളം | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| සිංහල | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ไทย | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ລາວ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| བོད་ཡིག | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| မြန်မာ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| လိၵ်ႈတႆး | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ខ្មែរ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 한국어 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 吴语 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 日本語 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 简体中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 粵語 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 繁體中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
Uko wasubira ku nyandiko
Helibrain (2026). Color perception test, v1. https://helibrain.com/color-perception-test/methods
Amateka y’impinduka
· Verisiyo 1 · Inyandiko ya mbere isobanura uburyo bw’igikorwa kiriho ubu cyasohotse.
Inyandiko zifashishijwe
Farnsworth, D. (1943). The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue and dichotomous tests for color vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 33(10), 568–578.
https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.33.000568original hue-ordering test and error score
Kinnear, P. R., & Sahraie, A. (2002). New Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test norms of normal observers for each year of age 5–22 and for age decades 30–70. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 86(12), 1408–1411.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.12.1408clinical norms by age
Levitt, H. (1971). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49(2B), 467–477.
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1912375up-down staircase methods
Winawer, J., Witthoft, N., Frank, M. C., Wu, L., Wade, A. R., & Boroditsky, L. (2007). Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(19), 7780–7785.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701644104language and colour category boundaries
Inyandiko isobanura uburyo: CC BY 4.0. Vuga ko ari iya Helibrain kandi ushyiremo umurongo uhuza n’ubu buryo. Amasoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho by’igikorwa bigumana impushya zabyo; iyi mpushya ireba gusa inyandiko isobanura uburyo.
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