Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Ubwoko | Amakuru akurikiranwa | Ibisobanuro by’amanota bigomba kuzirikanwa |
|---|---|---|
| N-back imwe y’amashusho | Uruhererekane rumwe rw’amashusho cyangwa aho ibintu biherereye | Ibyahujwe, ibisubizo by’ikinyoma n’igihe cyo gusubiza |
| N-back imwe y’amajwi | Uruhererekane rumwe rw’amajwi | Uko amajwi yumvikanishwa n’amategeko yo gusubiza |
| N-back ebyiri | Iminyururu ibiri ikurikiranwa icyarimwe | Amategeko yo gutanga amanota kuri buri ruhererekane no ku manota ahuriweho |
Ubushakashatsi bwa N-back bukoresha uburyo bwinshi; nta mukino umwe usanzwe uhuriweho na bose. Owen na bagenzi be batandukanya ibiranga ibintu, aho biri n’ibiri muri byo, naho isesengura rusange ry’imyitozo rikareba itandukaniro riri mu buryo bw’imyitozo no mu bisubizo bipimwa. Iryo tandukaniro mu mitegurire risobanura ko kuvuga gusa urwego rwa n bidahagije gusobanura uko umuntu yakoze. Owen et al., 2005 Soveri et al., 2017
Ni iki kindi gisabwa na n-back ebyiri?
Gukurikirana iminyururu ibiri byongeraho ibisabwa byo kuyihuza, ariko ubukana bwabyo nyabwo bushingira ku buryo iyo minyururu itegurwa mu gihe no ku buryo amanota abarwa. Ntibyemewe gukuba amanota y’umukoro umwe kabiri cyangwa gukuramo umubare runaka w’inzego kugira ngo ugereranye amanota ya n-back ebyiri. Inyigisho ku bubiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge zigaragaza ko burimo uburyo bwinshi bwo guhagararira amakuru n’imikorere yo kuyagenzura, aho kuba umubare umwe w’imyanya udahinduka bitewe n’umukoro. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Iri tandukaniro risobanura kandi impamvu amanota y’ikizamini kimwe cyo kwibuka imibare adashobora kwemeza ubwoko umuntu azasanga bworoshye. Uburyo bwo gupima ibyo umuntu yibuka butandukanye mu byo busaba kwibuka no gutunganya amakuru, kandi isesengura rusange rigereranya n-back n’imikoro yo kwibuka ibintu byinshi ryanga kubifata nk’ibipimwa bimwe. Conway et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Ese n-back ebyiri ni yo ifite ishingiro rya siyansi kurushaho?
Kugira ngo usubize icyo kibazo, ugomba kubanza gusobanura icyo ushaka gupima: gukora neza ku mukoro wakorewe imyitozo, kuyimurira ku wundi mukoro wo kwibuka, cyangwa gutera imbere mu bushobozi rusange bwo gutekereza ni ibisubizo bitandukanye. Isesengura rusange ry’imyitozo ribitandukanya. Kuba imyitozo isaba byinshi cyangwa iteguye mu buryo burambuye ntibihita byerekana ko inyungu rusange iba nini. Soveri et al., 2017
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Ibimenyetso by’uko ubumenyi bwimurirwa ku yindi mikoro byerekana iki?
Gukora neza ku mikoro ifitanye isano n’uwo wakoreye imyitozo bishobora kubaho, cyane cyane iyo isuzuma risa n’imyitozo. Isuzuma rigari ku bubiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge rigaragaza ko ibivugwa ku bwenge cyangwa ku yindi nyungu ya kure bigabanuka iyo bigereranyijwe n’amatsinda yo kugenzura aboneye. Ibi bisubizo ntibishyigikira isezerano ry’uko n-back ebyiri ituma umuntu muri rusange aba umunyabwenge kurushaho. Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016 Soveri et al., 2017
Nta nubwo bisobanura ko kwiga uwo mukino nta gaciro bifite. Umuntu ashobora kurushaho kumenya gukurikiza itegeko, kwita ku byerekanywe no gusubiza neza. Ibisobanuro bishyigikiwe na siyansi bigomba kugarukira ku mukoro wapimwe cyangwa ku kwimurira ubumenyi ku wundi mukoro wapimwe mu buryo bwa hafi. Soveri et al., 2017
Impamvu inzego zo kuri interineti zitagira igipimo kimwe zihuriraho
Umuvuduko ibyerekanyweho bigaragara, uko intego zingana n’ibindi, imbibi zo guhindura ubukana, ibintu bigushuka n’igihe cyo gusubiza birashobora gutandukana. Umukoro wa n-back ebyiri utinda ushobora gusaba ibitandukanye n’umukoro wa n-back imwe wihuta. Hatabayeho uburyo bwo gupima buhuye no guhuza ibipimo, ibirango bya n bingana ntibisobanura ubushobozi bungana cyangwa amahame y’amanota ahagarariye abantu hakurikijwe imyaka n’igitsina. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Kwizerwa kw’ikizamini na byo bigomba gupimwa kuri buri nota ryihariye, cyane cyane itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubwoko. Ubushakashatsi ku gitangaza cy’ukwizerwa bwerekana impamvu imikoro ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ishobora gutanga ibisubizo bihamye muri rusange ariko igatanga itandukaniro ritizewe hagati y’abantu. Urwego umuntu yagezeho rimwe gusa ntirukwiye guhinduka ikirango gihoraho kigaragaza ubushobozi bwe bwo kwibuka no gukoresha amakuru. Hedge et al., 2017
Nugerageza kugereranya ubwoko mu buryo busanzwe, jya uzirikana ibisobanuro byabwo kandi ukurikirane ibisubizo nyabyo n’iby’ikinyoma. Fata ibyo ukunda cyangwa iterambere ryawe nk’ibijyanye n’uwo mukoro gusa. Ibimenyetso ntibitanga urwego rwa n rwiza kuri bose, igihe cy’imyitozo cyizewe ko kizagira akamaro, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhindura uko umuntu yakoze umukoro w’ubwoko bubiri mo amanota ya IQ. Conway et al., 2005 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cya N-back
Gerageza ikizamini cya N-back kandi ukurikize ubwoko busobanuwe kuri urwo rupapuro. Niba ukoresha ubundi buryo bwa n-back ebyiri, bwandike ukwabwo aho gufata ibirango bya n nk’igipimo kimwe gihuriweho. Umukoro wa Helibrain ntugaragaza ko imyitozo itanga inyungu rusange.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese 2-back ebyiri ihwanye na 4-back imwe?
Oya. Umubare ugaragaza intera y’icyo ugereranya; kongeraho urundi ruhererekane bihindura ibisabwa mu guhuza amakuru, aho kuba gukuba gusa iyo ntera kabiri. Owen et al., 2005
Ese n-back ebyiri izateza imbere buri mukoro wo kwibuka?
Isuzuma rigaragaza itandukaniro hagati yo kwiga umukoro, kwimurira ubumenyi ku mukoro ufite aho uhuriye na wo, no kubwimurira ku mukoro wa kure. Amanota yo hejuru ku myitozo ntagaragaza ko ubushobozi rusange bwateye imbere. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Ni ubuhe bwoko nakoresha mu gupima IQ?
Nta bwoko muri bwo butanga uburyo bwemejwe bwo guhindura urwego rwa n mo amanota ya IQ. Imikoro itandukanye yo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no gukoresha amakuru ntishobora gufatwa nk’aho ihuye. Redick et al., 2013
Amasoko
- Owen et al. (2005). Uburyo bwa N-back bwo gupima ububiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge: Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi busanzwe bukoresha amashusho y’imikorere y’ubwonko.
- Redick et al. (2013). Ibipimo byo kwibuka no gutunganya ibintu byinshi n’ibya n-back: Isesengura rusange.
- Cowan (2001). Umubare w’amayobera 4 mu kwibuka kw’igihe gito: Gusubiramo ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu mu bwenge.
- Baddeley (2012). Ububiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge: Inyigisho, urugero n’impaka.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imikoro yo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no gutunganya: Isuzuma ry’uburyo n’imfashanyigisho ku bakoresha.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Kongera gusuzuma imyitozo y’ububiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge: Isesengura rusange ruri ku nzego nyinshi ry’ubushakashatsi bw’imyitozo ya n-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Imyitozo y’ububiko bw’igihe gito bw’ubwenge ntiyongera amanota ku bipimo by’ubwenge cyangwa ibindi bipimo byo kwimurira ubumenyi kure.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Igitekerezo gitangaje ku kwizerwa: Impamvu imikoro ihamye yo gupima ubushobozi bw’ubwenge idatanga itandukaniro ryizewe hagati y’abantu.