Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Icyiciro cyakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi | Ikigereranyo | Uburyo bwo gutanga amanota bwakoreshejwe |
|---|---|---|
| Urwego rwo kubona amashusho mu bwenge ku rugero ruto | 3.9% | Amanota yose ya VVIQ 16–32 |
| Kutabona na gato amashusho mu bwenge, nk’uko ababajijwe babivuze | 0.8% | Amanota yose ya VVIQ 16 |
| Amashusho adasobanutse cyangwa adafite imbaraga mu rwego rwo hasi | 3.1% | Amanota yose ya VVIQ 17–32 |
Iyo nyandiko ihuriza hamwe ibyavuye mu byegeranyo bibiri by’abantu 502. Yagaragaje abantu 39 bari mu rwego rugari rwo kubona amashusho mu bwenge ku rugero ruto, harimo umunani bari bafite amanota make cyane. Iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi kuko gusobanura urwego rwo hasi mu buryo bugari bitanga igipimo gitandukanye no gusaba ko umuntu atabona na gato amashusho mu bwenge. Muri ubu buryo bwo gusobanura ibibazo, amanota make asobanura ko kubona amashusho mu bwenge bidakomeye. Dance et al., 2022
Iki kibazo gipima iki?
Ikibazo cyo gupima uko amashusho aboneka mu bwenge asobanutse (VVIQ) kibaza uko umuntu ubwe abona amashusho mu bwenge. Igikorwa cya mbere cya Marks cyatangije iki gipimo; ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho kuri aphantasia buragikoresha, bukagaragaza neza uburyo amanota abarwa. Guhindura icyerekezo cy’amanota bihindura icyo amanota yose asobanura, bityo ntugakoreshe umubare ntarengwa utabanje kugenzura verisiyo yakoreshejwe. MARKS, 1973 Dance et al., 2022
Ibyo umuntu yivugira bitanga amakuru ku byo yiyumvamo, ariko ntibihwanye no gukora umurimo wo gupima uko ibyumviro bikora cyangwa gupima ubwonko mu buryo butaziguye. Keogh na Pearson bakoresheje uburyo bwo kureba uko amaso yombi ahangana ku mashusho atandukanye kugira ngo bige ku mashusho yo mu bwenge afitanye isano n’ibyumviro. Ibyo bigaragaza ko abashakashatsi bashobora kubaza ikibazo gifitanye isano bakoresheje ubundi buryo. Igipimo kimwe ntigihita gisimbura ikindi. Keogh et al., 2018
Ese aphantasia isobanura kutagira ibitekerezo byo gutekereza?
Nta mwanzuro mugari nk’uwo wavamo. Ubushakashatsi buvuga ku buryo bwihariye bwo kubona amashusho mu bwenge, cyane cyane kuyibona ku bushake. Raporo za Zeman na bagenzi be, hamwe n’isubiramo ryagutse ry’ubushakashatsi ku mashusho yo mu bwenge, bitandukanya urugero rwo kubona amashusho n’ubushobozi bwose bwo gutekereza, guhanga cyangwa kugira ubumenyi. Umuntu ashobora gusobanukirwa no gutekereza ku kintu atabasha kuvuga ko akibona mu ishusho isobanutse mu bwenge. Zeman et al., 2015 Zeman et al., 2020 Pearson, 2019
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Bite ku kwibuka no kurota?
Dawes na bagenzi be basobanura uko abantu biyumvamo amashusho mu bwenge, kwibuka no kurota, mu bantu bavuga ko bafite aphantasia. Ibyo ni imiterere yagaragaye mu matsinda, ariko abantu baratandukanye cyane; si itegeko rivuga ko buri wese arota kimwe cyangwa agira ikibazo cyo kwibuka. Uburyo bwo gupima n’uburyo abantu bashakishijwe na byo bigira uruhare mu gusobanura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi. Dawes et al., 2020
Ubushakashatsi bwa Bainbridge na bagenzi be bwakoresheje gushushanya, busanga ko kwibuka ibintu no kwibuka aho biri mu isanzure bitandukanye. Ntibugaragaza ko abantu batabona amashusho mu bwenge badafite na gato ubushobozi bwo kwibuka ibyo babonye cyangwa ko badashobora kumva isano iri hagati y’ahantu. Ibice bitandukanye byo kwibuka bigomba gusuzumwa ukwabyo. Bainbridge et al., 2021
Ese imyaka n’igitsina ni byo bigena uko aphantasia ikunze kuboneka?
Mu nyandiko y’ubushakashatsi yahurije hamwe imibare y’uko aphantasia ikunze kuboneka, ibipimo by’abagore n’abagabo ntibyagaragaje itandukaniro rifite agaciro mu mibare hakoreshejwe ibisobanuro byasuzumwe. Ibyo ntibihamya ko bingana neza muri buri tsinda ry’abantu. Abantu bari mu byegeranyo, imyaka yabo n’umubare w’amanota ntarengwa byatoranyijwe bigabanya aho iyo mibare yakwirakwizwa; nko ku rubuga ruhuriza hamwe abantu bashishikajwe no kubona amashusho mu bwenge, uburyo bwo gushaka ababazwa bwaba butandukanye. Dance et al., 2022
Ni iki umuntu ashobora kumenya mu buryo bufatika akoresheje ikizamini cyo kuri interineti?
Urutonde rw’ibibazo rushobora kugufasha gusobanura uko ubona amashusho mu bwenge no gusobanukirwa amagambo akoreshwa kuri ibyo. Ntirukwiye guhindura amanota make ngo ayagire isuzuma ry’indwara cyangwa ikimenyetso cy’ubwenge. Ibyiciro byakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi bwapimye uko aphantasia ikunze kuboneka ni uburyo bwihariye bwo gusobanura ibyigwa mu bushakashatsi, si itegeko rusange rigenga buri kibazo cyo kuri interineti. Dance et al., 2022 MARKS, 1973
Nanone, muri izi nyandiko nta mabwiriza yemejwe y’imyitozo atanga icyizere ko azatuma umuntu utavuga ko abona amashusho mu bwenge atangira kuyabona neza. Ikizamini gishobora gufasha gusobanukirwa n’uko abantu batandukanye ndetse n’imbibi z’ibipimo, aho gusezeranya ko aphantasia ivurwa cyangwa ko ubushobozi bwiyongera. Pearson, 2019 Zeman et al., 2020
Imibare ya 3.9% na 0.8% iba ingirakamaro iyo ibisobanuro byayo bigendanye na yo. Gukuraho ibyo bisobanuro byatuma ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye bisa nk’aho bifite igisubizo kimwe kivuguruzanya. Dance et al., 2022
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cya aphantasia
Gerageza urutonde rw’ibibazo bya aphantasia kugira ngo usuzume uko usobanura amashusho yo mu bwenge ubona ku bushake. Soma uko amanota abarwa, kandi ufate igisubizo nk’ibyo wivugiyeho. Ijanisha ryatangajwe ntirigaragaza ko wasuzumwe indwara cyangwa aho uhagaze mu bakoresha Helibrain.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese igipimo ni 0.8% cyangwa 3.9%?
Byombi byavuye mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwahurije hamwe ibyegeranyo, ariko byakoresheje ibisobanuro bitandukanye: kutabona amashusho mu bwenge na gato, nk’uko ababajijwe babivuze, ugereranyije n’urwego rugari rwo kuyabona ku rugero ruto. Dance et al., 2022
Ese aphantasia isobanura kutarota?
Nta tegeko rusange nk’iryo rivamo. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’ubwenge bugaragaza ko abantu batandukanye mu byo biyumvamo ku mashusho yo mu bwenge no kurota. Dawes et al., 2020
Ese kubona amashusho mu bwenge bidakomeye bisobanura ko kwibuka aho ibintu biri mu isanzure na byo bidakomeye?
Si ko byanze bikunze. Ubushakashatsi bwo gushushanya butandukanya kwibuka ibintu no kwibuka aho biri mu isanzure, aho gufata kwibuka kose nk’ubushobozi bumwe. Bainbridge et al., 2021
Amasoko
- Dance et al. (2022). Uko aphantasia (kubona amashusho mu bwenge ku rugero ruto) ikunze kuboneka mu baturage muri rusange.
- MARKS (1973). Itandukaniro mu mashusho yo mu bwenge rigaragara mu kwibuka amashusho.
- Keogh et al. (2018). Ubwenge butabona: nta mashusho y’ibyumviro mu bwenge ku bafite aphantasia.
- Zeman et al. (2015). Ubuzima butarimo amashusho yo mu bwenge – Aphantasia umuntu avukana na yo.
- Zeman et al. (2020). Phantasia – Akamaro mu mitekerereze k’itandukaniro rikabije ry’igihe kirekire mu buryo amashusho aboneka neza mu bwenge.
- Pearson (2019). Ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo kwishushanyiriza mu bwenge: ubumenyi bw’ubwonko bwerekeye amashusho yo mu bwenge.
- Dawes et al. (2020). Imiterere y’ubwenge y’ibitekerezo by’amashusho y’imyumvire itandukanye, kwibuka no kurota ku bafite aphantasia.
- Bainbridge et al. (2021). Gupima aphantasia binyuze mu gushushanya: Abatabona amashusho mu bwenge bagira intege nke mu kwibuka ibintu, ariko si mu kwibuka aho biri mu isanzure.